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英语翻译理论与实践

英语翻译理论与实践
英语翻译理论与实践

第二讲

原句:I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.

译文:我抓起那支最大的画笔,势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

原文:There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.

译文:吸烟肯定与肺癌有关,但这并不能使你感到太不舒服,因为吸烟的人不止你一个。

原文:Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

译文:德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人,可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

He is the last man to come.

He is the last man to do it.

He is the last person for such a job.

He should be the last (man) to blame.

原文:John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.

译文:约翰为人可靠,他既忠诚又正直。

Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.

死译:one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word.

硬译:word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences.

Literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. ---by Newmark

Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech.

原文:我们的朋友遍天下。

错译:Our friends are all over the world.

译文: We have friends all over the world.

单词

月亮

直译:the moon

意译:celestial body, heavenly body, planet, orb of night, moon goddess, Diana, Luna, Phoebe, Cynthia, queen of heaven, queen of night (Shakespeare)

太阳

直译:the sun

意译:star of day, day-star, solar disk, solar orb, orb, sphere, fireball, great luminary, heaven’s bright light, old sol, Helios, Apollo, Hyperion, Mithras, Shamash

直译:thin, lanky, lean

意译:slim, skinny, scraggy, lank, spare, bony, starved-looking, as thin as a reed, as thin as six o’clock, under-weight, under -grown

直译:fat

意译:portly, stout, obese, corpulent, fleshy, potbellied, beer-bellied, solid, plump, rotund, tubby, podgy, paunchy, on the heavy

原句:to kill two birds with one stone

直译: 一石二鸟

意译:一箭双雕;一举两得

原句:to teach a pig to play on a flute

直译:教猪吹笛

意译:对牛弹琴;做荒谬的事;做不可能做到的事

原句:a drop in the bucket

直译:一桶水中的一滴

意译:沧海一粟;九牛一毛;微不足道;不足挂齿;不起眼;渺小

原句:过街老鼠

直译:( like) a rat crossing the street

意译:the object of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by everybody

原句:门庭若市

直译:The courtyard is like a market.

意译:a much visited house; a busy town; bustling; crowded

原句:树倒猢狲散

直译:When the tree falls ,the monkeys scatter.

意译:Members run always when the family falls./ When an influential person falls from power, his hangers-on disperse./ Rats leave a sinking ship.

原文:Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.

译文:希特勒发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的,可是不过几年,就被彻底击败了。

原文:Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole. 译文1:往往一天辛苦工作结束时,一个人会灰心地意识到他所完成的少量的一堆工作对整个工作产生无限小的影响。(直译)

译文2:往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不令人沮丧。(意译)

第四讲

静夜思

床前明月光,

疑是地上霜。

举头望明月,

低头思故乡。

(学生译作):Homesickness in the Silent Night

The bright moon light sprinkles on the bed,

As if the frost lays on the ground.

Raise my head and stare at the moon,

The homesickness attacks me suddenly.

(学生译作)

Pondering in Silent Night

Luminous moonlight shines upon the bedstand,

Isn’t it the white frost paving on the bare ground?

Head, raised to gaze the moon into distance,

Bows to long for the native place.

Quiet Night Thought(死译)

Bedside bright moonlight

Is suspected to be frost on the floor.

Raising head to watch the bright moon,

Lowering head to think of the hometown.

In the Still of the Night(直译)

I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed.

I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.

I watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head.

I yearn, while stooping, for my homeland more.

(徐忠杰译)

Nostalgia(意译)

A splash of white on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost?

I raise my eyes to the moon, the same moon.

As scenes long past come to mind, my eyes fall again of the splash of white, and my heart aches for home.

(翁显良译)

A Tranquil Night

Abed, I see a silver light,

I wonder if it’s frost aground.

Looking up, I find the moon bright;

Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.

(许渊冲译)

In the Quiet Night

So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed ---

Could there have been a frost already?

Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight.

Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.

( Tr. Witter Bynner)

词语层次

引申译法

原文:Every life has its roses and thorns.

Thoughts in a Tranquil Night

Athwart the bed

I watch the moonbeams cast a trail

So bright, so cold, so frail,

That for a space it gleams

Like hoar-frost on the margin of my dreams.

I raise my head, ---

The splendid moon I see:

Then droop my head,

And sink to dreams of thee---

My fatherland, of thee!

( Tr. L. Cranmer-Byng)

原文:MBA was his entrée to the new administration.

原文:他的话让我出了一身冷汗。

译文:I was extremely terrified by his words.

原文:他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟然会出现这么多的拦路虎。

译文:He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way.

褒贬译法

原文:He was a man of high renown.

原文:Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.

原文:As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedications from his employees. 原句1: As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.

原句2: As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.

原句1:她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。

原句2:黄金荣是旧上海有名的大流氓。

译文1:Her father is a famous surgeon.

译文2:Huang Jinrong was a notorious rogue in Shanghai in the old times.

转性译法

原文:Television works in much the same way as radio.

译文:电视机的工作原理与无线电广播几乎完全相同。(动词译成名词)

原文:The railway ticket is valid for two days.

译文:火车票有效期为两天。(形容词译成名词)

原文:He is physically weak, but mentally sound.

译文:他身体虽弱,但思维活跃。(副词译成名词)

原文:I have no private interest in the acceptance of my inventions by the world.

译文:我的发明为世界所采用,我未从中获得任何私利。(名词译成动词)

原文:Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River.

译文:上海的意思是“在海上”,它座落在黄浦江畔。(介词译成动词)

原文:I am certain I saw him.

译文:我肯定是见过他了。(形容词译成动词)

原文:Last month the treaty was signed by both sides and the war was over.

译文:上个月双方签订了条约,战争因此结束了。(副词译成动词)

原文:那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。

译文:That fellow is very talkative.(动词转为形容词)

原文:他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。

译文:He has long been used to last-minute decisions. (动词转为名词)

原文:11点时,他已睡在被窝里。

译文:He was between sheets by eleven. (动词转为介词)

原文:她非常漂亮。

译文:She is a real beauty. (形容词转为名词)

Key to Ex

1. To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

学习不容易,应用更不容易。

2. The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。

3. This contract is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be translated into other languages. 本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要,本合同可译成其他文字。

4. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

历史使人明智;诗歌使人灵秀;数学使人周密;科学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑与修辞使人善辩。

5. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。

After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.

6. 实践证明,我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。

The practice has proved that our coordination of economic development and environmental protection if effective.

7. 天快黑了,我们最好还是早点回家。

As it is getting dark, we’d better go home earlier.

8. 多年来,该国一直存在严重的失业现象。

For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country.

第五讲

2013春季中级口译英译汉

If you’ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can’t tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. We can’t seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience.

I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, my grandmother never exercised and she lived to 95.”We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I’m right.”Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans.

如果你曾经当过陪审员,你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情:一旦关上了门,所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论,如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结,也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。

我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究,该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症(老年痴呆症)的发病率。而此时听众的电话一个接着一个,纷纷迫不及待地表达反对意见:“嗯,我祖母从不锻炼,但她活到了95岁。”我们身处的时代可以用一句话来总结:“我经历过,所以我是对的。”历史上,无知之人的典型特征就是缺乏进行批判性思维、演绎推理和分辨个例与常态的能力。如今,用这句话描述许多美国人似乎恰如其分。

第六讲

原文:In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.

译文:晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。(增加动词)

原文:First you borrow, then you beg.

译文:先借钱,后讨饭。(增加名词)

原文:He is a complicated man ------ moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.

译文:他是个性格复杂的人------ 喜怒无常,反复多变,有些犹豫寡欢。(形容词前增加名词)

原文:他喜欢指出别人的缺点,但用意是好的。

译文:He likes to point out other people’s shortcomings, but he means well. (增加主语)

原文:虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

译文:Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. (增加连词)

原文:我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。

译文:We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country.

原文:你白天还是晚上飞香港?

译文:Do you fly to Hongkong in the daytime or at night?

省词译法

原文:He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

原文:We live and learn.

原文:The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them.

原文:He looked gloomy and troubled.

原文:If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

原文:我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。

译文:We should be loyal to our party, to our people and to our motherland.

原文:这些新型汽车速度快、效率高、行动灵活。

译文:The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.

原文:我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也决不会后退。

译文:We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.

练习

1. To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

2. The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

3. This contract is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be translated into other languages.

4. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

5. 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主动伸出援助之手。

6. 实践证明,我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。

7. 天快黑了,我们最好还是早点回家。

8. 多年来,该国一直存在严重的失业现象。

Key to Ex

1. To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

学习不容易,应用更不容易。

2. The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。

3. This contract is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be translated into other languages.

本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要,本合同可译成其他文字。

4. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

历史使人明智;诗歌使人灵秀;数学使人周密;科学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑与修辞使人善辩。

新视野大学英语翻译答案

汉译英 Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充足的准备,你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。(no matter how) No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech ,you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关系吉米一样,吉米也关系他们(just as) Just as all his sister ’ s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。(track down)Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话,我就不再和你说话了。(tell on) If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子,但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。(on one’s own) Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是:如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。(reckon with) Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. Unit2 1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子,她坚持称自己无罪 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体看来,枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron . 3正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度,提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感,请立即停止服用并立刻咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时,他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit3 1.在思维方面,与他的行为一样,他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2..教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划,他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看,大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one ’ s study after graduatin g from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一,所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5.据说,原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。

翻译大一下学期

Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片,这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班,而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来,竟意想不到地移动了几步,就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上,没有注意到四周有什么异样情况,所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌,它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他,妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后,这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方,青少年犯罪已经失去了控制,这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周,他不敢出门,害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今,对许多美国人来说,周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例,而不是例外。 Unit9

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程1学生用书答案大一课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1. sentences 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/ purchase it? 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2. passage translation To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English. Unit 2 1. Translate the Sentences 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school. 4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. 5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs. 2. Translate the passage With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals,

英语翻译理论与实践

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Clinton is the first black president . 克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统 Clinton is the first woman president. 克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统 1. We want to buy quality steel. 我们要买高质量的钢材。 2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法,这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术,高薪金的劳动队伍。 3. The president now is on a poverty tour. 总统目前正在访问贫困地区。 4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施 5. She is on her listening tour of New York. 她正在纽约巡回访问,听取群众的意见。 6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss. 史密斯教授要离开学校了。这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。 7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征,代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。Criminal law 刑法; Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师; Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击; criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病 This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同,但却很能给人启发。 Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel. 人们有时把布来恩特甘贝尔和特德考波尔相比,认为甘贝尔更好。The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned. 那些所谓的批评者,传媒提到他们时总是泛泛而指,从来不指名道姓。The areas could be profitably rehabilitated. 重建这些地区是有利可图的。 The consensus strategies for managing the world’s forests sustainably. 既能获得各方同意,又能使全球森林得以可持续生长的管理策略。 Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk. 男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题,而女人则喜欢两三个人私下交流感情。 15.The joy of his return 由于他回来而有的喜悦 16. of humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory. 由于出身低微,他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。

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