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人教版高中英语必修5 Unit1 第5课时 Great Scientists 学案1

人教版高中英语必修5 Unit1 第5课时 Great Scientists 学案1
人教版高中英语必修5 Unit1 第5课时 Great Scientists 学案1

Great Scientists Unit1 Book5

一.Words:

1. characteristic n. 特征;特性character n. 性格,特点,角色

2. painter n. 画家;油漆匠paint v. 绘画

3. scientific adj. 科学的science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家

4. conclude vt. & vi. 结束;推断出conclusion n. 结束;结论

5. analyse vt. 分析analysis n. 分析

6. infect vt. 传染;感染infectious adj. 传染的

7. defeat [di'fi:t] vt. 打败;战胜;使受挫n. 失败beat v. 跳动,打败,敲打win v. 赢得

8. attend v.出席,参加;照顾join, join in, take part in 参加

9. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光exposed adj. 无遮蔽的;无保护的;风险高的

10. deadly adj. 致命的die v. death n. dead adj. friendly adj.

11. challenge n.& vt.挑战challenging adj.困难的;挑战性的

12. absorb v.吸收;使专心absorbed adj. 专心的,全神贯注的

13. severe adj. 严重的;剧烈的;严厉的serious adj. 严肃的,严重的,认真的

14. pollute vt. 污染;弄脏polluted adj. 受污染的pollution n. 污染

15. announce vt. 宣布;通告announcement n. 通知;宣告make an announcement 宣布

16. instruct vt. 命令;指示;教导instruction n.指示;教导instructions n.用法; 说明; 操作指南

17. responsible adj. 有责任的,负责的responsibility n. 责任

18. construct vt.建设;修建construction n.建设;建筑物build v.建筑

19. contribute vt.& vi. 捐献;贡献;捐助contribution n.捐献;贡献;捐助

20. creative adj. 有创造力的create v. 创造

21. positive adj. 积极的negative adj. 消极的,否认的

22. movement n. 移动,运动move v. 移动

23. enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiasm n. 热情

24. caution n. 小心;谨慎cautious adj. 小心的;谨慎的careful adj. 小心的,细心的

25. reject vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃rejection n.拒绝;抛弃refuse v.拒绝deny v.婉言谢绝

26. universe n. 宇宙universal adj.普遍的;宇宙的

二.Phrases

1. put forward 提出

put off 推迟

put up with 忍受

2. attend to 照顾, 护理attend the meeting 出席会议

3. cure sb. of sth 治愈某人某种疾病

a cure for…治疗…法(药)

4. challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做…

challenge sb. to sth. 就某事向某人挑战

5. be absorbed in 全神贯注于

= concentrate on

6. suspect sb. of sth 怀疑某人做某事

suspect that…

7. blame sb. for sth. 为某事责怪某人

blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人

8. link sth to把…与…连接起来, 使…有联系

connect...with...把…和…联系或连接起来be linked to...和…有关

9. instruct sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

instruct sb in sth 在某方面教导某人

10. be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求

be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求

11. lead to 造成, 导致, 通向

12. make sense 讲得通, 有意义

make sense of 了解…的意义, 理解

13. put sth. in order 按…顺序来整理

14. draw a conclusion 得出结论

15. of one’s day 在某人的那个时期

16. expose…to 使显露, 暴露

17. apart from 除…之外

18. be cautious about / of …对…小心谨慎

with caution 小心谨慎

19. be severe with sb. 对…严厉

be strict with 对...严格的

20. lift up 举起

21. look into 调查

22. be determined to do sth 决心/ 决定做某事

23. make investigations 进行调查

24. take in 吸收, 欺骗

25. come to an end 结束

26. punish sb for sth. 因某事惩罚某人

27. at times 时而, 不时

28. be for / against 支持/ 反对

29. a link between…and…与…间的联系/关联

30. point of view 观点

31. hold discussions 进行讨论

32. to one’s surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是

33. believe in 信任, 信仰, 相信

34. prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

35. in one’s honor / in honor of sb.为了纪念某人

三. Language Points

1. conclude vt.& vi.断定,推断出;结束,终止;达成,缔结conclusion n. 结论;结束

(1) conclude sth. with sth.by doing sth. 以……结束

(2) conclude sth.(from sth.) that... (从……)推断出,断定

(3) draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion得出结论

come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是……

in conclusion 最后jump to conclusions 草率地下结论

补充句子:

①He concluded his speech with a famous saying:Where there is a will, there is a way.

他以一句名言“有志者,事竟成”结束他的演讲。

②We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.

我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再作出最终结论。

③In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage. 总之,全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实现状。(福建书面表达)

④Jane concluded from the voice on the phone that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.

简根据电话中的声音断定她母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。

2. defeat vt.打败;战胜;使受挫n. 失败

补充句子:

①Facts showed that only when they united could they defeat the strong enemies.

事实证明只有他们团结起来才能击败强大的敌人。

②As is expected,our baseball team has suffered another defeat.

正如所预料的一样,我们的棒球队再次失败了。

[辨析]defeat,beat,win

defeat,beat defeat和beat是同义词,其宾语为“人”或“一个团体”,常可互换。defeat 侧重在战场上打败敌人。beat常用于游戏或比赛中。

win win后接sth.,表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利,宾语多用game,war,prize等词,不能是人;win也可用作不及物动词,表示“赢,获胜”。

用defeat,beat,win的适当形式填空

(1) Having been defeated twice this year,we won’t give it up.

(2) No difficulty could defeat this brave man since he is so confident and capable.

(3) Listen! The rain is beating against the window.

(4) Who do you think will win the beauty contest?

(5) I can beat/defeat you at swimming.

3. attend v.出席,参加;处理,对付;照料,护理

attendance n.出席,参加;上学;到场attendant n.服务员,侍者,侍从,随从;护理者

(1) attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class 听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课

(2) attend to处理;照顾attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人

翻译句子:

①他明天要参加一个重要的会议。He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.

②每当我出国回到公司时,我总有很多事情要处理。

I always have so many things to attend to when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.

易混辨析attend,join,take part in,join in这些动词或词组均含“参加,加入”之意。attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。

join普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。

take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。

join in 后接活动,强调与他人一起参与某一活动。

4. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光;使面临

The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.(教材P3) 自来水公司接到指示:不得使人们再受污水的影响。

(1) expose...to...使…显露/暴露于…(be) exposed to...暴露于……;处于……危险中

(2) expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事(3) expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物;使某人面临遭受某事

补充句子:

①And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

并且鸟暴露在光线中时间越长,它们晚上就越活跃。(2015?高考川卷?阅读)

②The fact that children are exposed to too many violent online games worries parents nowadays as well as the society. 孩子们接触到太多的暴力网络游戏,这一事实使现在的家长以及社会尤为担心。

③The more one is exposed to the English-speaking environment,the better he or she will learn the language.

一个人越多接触说英语的环境就越能学好这门外语。

④It is reported that he exposed the truth of the milk poisoning incident to the public.

据报道他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。

5. absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心;并入,吞并;理解,掌握absorbed adj.专心致志的;全神贯注的

The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(教材P2)

(1) absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力

(2) be absorbed in 专心于……;全神贯注于;热衷于……

(3) be absorbed by/into被……吞并;为……所吸收

补充句子:

①Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot food and sleep.

②Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform her of it. (改成分词作状语)

汤姆专心于工作,几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

③Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis. 受全球金融危机的影响,大多数小店已被并入大公司。

④I haven’t really had time to absorb everything that he said.事实上我还没有时间弄懂他所说的一切。

6. blame vt.责备;谴责;把…归咎于n. 过失;责备

It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。(教材P2)

(1) blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上

be to blame (for...) 应承担责任;该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)

(2) get/accept/bear/take the blame for... 对……负责

lay/put the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上

补充句子:

①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’place.

我们应该多交流,换位思考而不是相互责怪。(2012?江苏书面表达)

②While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat. 既然我们不能改变我们与生俱来的体形,我们就不能把肥胖归咎于我们的基因。(2014重庆阅读)

③Mr.Green stood up, saying that he was not the one to blame.

格林先生站起来,说他不是该受谴责的人。

④The drunk driver should take the blame for the traffic accident.那醉酒司机应该承担交通事故责任。

7. contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助

(1)contribute...to...把……贡献给……;向……投稿contribute to... 导致……;有助于……

(2)contribution n.贡献;捐款;稿件make a contribution to... 对……作出贡献

用contribute的相关词语完成小片段

Kind-hearted people from all over the country(1)contributed money to the poor kids,which(2) contributed to their returning to school. A writer wrote this story and (3)contributed it to a magazine.

来自全国各地的好心人为贫穷的孩子捐款,这使他们能够重返校园。一个作家写了这个故事,并给一家杂志投了稿。

补充句子

①Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.

我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。(2015?高考安徽卷?完形填空)

②Finally,some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.

最后,一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语提高起了很大作用。(2012?山东写作)

四. Sentence Patterns

1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解对它的治疗。

neither...nor...“既不…也不…”,连接句中两个相同成分,连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。

仿写:老师和其他学生都不相信他解释的迟到的原因。

Neither teacher nor other students believed the reason he explained for being late.

2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

every time引导时间状语从句,相当于whenever,表示“每当……”。

仿写:每当我听到这首歌,它使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。

Every time I hear this song, it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.

3.It seemed that the water was to blame. be to blame 受责罚(主动形式表被动)

仿写:孩子们不该为火灾事故负责。The children were not to blame for the fire.

4. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢

那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。have sth. done 请某人来做某事/遭遇,经历,体验

仿写:去年,我们的房子翻新过了。Last year, we had the house rebuilt.

5. (1)To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined. 一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着,像一股危险的气体到处漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害者为止。suggest 意为”建议”时, 宾语从句谓语动词应使用虚拟. 仿写:我们建议他去向老师道歉。We suggested that he (should) make an apology to his teacher.

(2) The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。suggest 意为”认为, 指出, 提出, 暗示”时, 宾语从句谓语动词则使用陈述语气

仿写:他脸上的笑容表明他通过了考试。

The smile on his face suggests that he had passed the exam.

6. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。

“only+状语”位于句首时后面主句需用部分倒装。

仿写:生活就是一个挑战,只有当我们学会面对挑战时,我们才会实现目标。

Life is a challenge,only when we learn to face it can we achieve our aims.

7. He placed a fix sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with 的复合结构(with + 宾语+ 宾补)

例句仿写:女孩安静地坐在那里, 她的眼睛一直盯着墙。

The girl sat there quietly with her eyes fixing on the wall.

翻译练习:

1. 他以一首经典的歌曲结束了他的演讲。(conclude)

He concluded_his_speech_with a classic song.

2. 从他满意的表情我们可推断出,他同意我们的观点。

From his satisfied expression, we concluded that he agreed our opinion.

=From his satisfied expression, we came to the conclusion that he agreed with our opinion.

3. 我们从事实中的出不同的结论。

We drew different conclusions from the facts.

4. 不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。

Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight,or you’ll get sunburnt.

5. 注意别让你的孩子们接触不良的书籍、网站和杂志。

Take care not to keep your children exposed to the bad books, net and magazines.

6. 那位小女孩完全专注于王教授的新小说中

The girl was completely absorbed in professor Wang’ s new novel.

7. 周围许多小村庄被并入了城市。

Many surrounding villages have been absorbed by the city.

8. 事实上,她真的该为她的懒惰而受到责备。

As a matter of fact,she is really to blame for her laziness

9. 因为她违反了交通规则,所以她应该毫无怨言地为此承担责任。

She should bear the blame for it without any complaint because she broke the traffic rules.

10. 他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。(一句多译)

①They blamed him for the accident.

②They blamed the accident on him.

③He was to blame for the accident.

11. 我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。

I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.

12.摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。

Eating too much fat can contribute_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 13. 他对中国的发展有很大贡献。

He has made great contributions to the development of China.

14. 诚实的说,我既没有时间也没有钱参加舞会。

To be honest,I have neither time nor money for the ball.

15.我或者我的姐姐都无法出席明天的会议。

Neither you nor my sister cannot attend the meeting tomorrow.

16. 他们每次见面都会谈论很长时间。

Every time/Each time they met, they would talk long hours together.

17. 只有找到兼职工作我才有足够的钱上学。

Only if I get a part-time job will I have enough money to go to school.

18. 我住的房子,它的门是朝南的。

I live in the house with its door facing to the south.

19. 不幸地,她的钱包被偷了。Unluckily, she had her wallet stolen.

20. 我们建议星期五开班会。We suggest that we (should) have the class meeting on Friday.

21. 她红红的脸蛋表明她有严重的感冒。Her red face suggested that she had a severe cold.

五. Writing

Marie Curie

Born in Warsaw Poland, Marie Curie went to attend college in Paris as a young lady, where she met her husband Pierre Curie. They were together absorbed in the research into radioactive matter(放射性物质), which led to the discovery of polonium and radium. In 1903, they were given the Nobel Prize for Physics. After her husband’ s death, she went on working and won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. Marie Curie made great contributions to the development of science, but money and reputation made no sense to her.

人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结

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人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

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