新视野大学英语视听说第二版第三册原文 答案

新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册答案

Uint 1

II. Basic Listening Practice

1. Script

W: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?

M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m going to take marketing as an elective instead.

Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?

2. Script

M: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes.

W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah has got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s lecture; he takes attendance in that.

Q: What does the woman tell the man?

3. Script

W: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?

M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday.

Q: Why is the man in the library?

4. Script

W: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s doing a terrible job.

M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzan’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzan realize that this is their last chance.

Q: What is true of Steven and Suzan?

5. Script

W: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like?

M: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the cost of food and housing. But the teaching is first-class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching, that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.

Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first-class?

Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A

III. Listening In

Task 2: How to select elective courses?

Script

Consider these tips on elective courses and you 'll choose those

that will serve you best.

To begin with, you should select the courses that fit your profession. It is a good idea to choose elective courses closely related to your chosen profession. Potential employers will appreciate every bit of extra training and knowledge that they don't have to give you. For example, you may select elective courses in chemistry, biology or even physics if you are doing a science major. For business majors, select electives in accounting, business administration, and even computing, as you will never know when these will come in handy in the corporate world.

Moreover, you can choose an education that includes many fields of study. If you are taking a heavy load of career-related courses, you may prefer electives that are not directly related to your major. If you receive a well-rounded education, some employers believe that you have better potential. For example, if you have courses in science along with your business degree, you could possibly win a job over someone who majored purely in business with no outside electives.

Finally, you can also select a challenging elective course. Part of getting an education is learning how to learn, and elective courses should help you achieve this goal. You need not to memorize all the information from each class, but you should get a better understanding

of the world. So, pick elective courses that challenge your belief system and make you look at the world in a different way. For instance,

you can consider a philosophy elective if you have been told that you

are a little narrow-minded.

1 extra training

2 chemistry

3 accounting

4 many fields of study

5 better potential

6 business degree

7 challenging

8 how to learn

9 better understanding 10 narrow-minded

Task3: How to Get Straight A’s

Script

It is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.

First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on their study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.

Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.

Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others get up early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. One student said, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”

Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message”.

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting to study?

2. What did the runner do to score high on the exam?

3. What is the thing all top students agree on?

4. What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

Kes: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.D

VI. Further Listening and Speaking

Task1: Problems with our educational system

Script

Hi, everybody. My topic today is “Problems with Our Educational System”.

I disagree on a lot of the ways that things have happened for a long time in our educational system. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance and neglect students’ abilities and interest in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could have had if they had learned in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are required to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids have lost their interest in learning.

Educators often fail to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They simply exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And a s a consequence some students I believe to be intelligent can’t get into good colleges if they, you know, haven’t scored well on the math section, even if they are brilliant writers.

Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called weak students are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class if their grades are lower then others’. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sad. I think that many of the kids in those classes are

intelligent, but they never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated early on in their education.

Task 2: The Final Exam

Script

At a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A” so far for the semester.

These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before the final, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning.

Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They

explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back and didn’t have a spare. As a result, they missed the final.

The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, handed each of them a paper, and told them to begin.

They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. “Cool,” they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, “This is going to be easy.” Each finished the problem and then turned the page.

On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”

Task3: Harvard University

Script

Harvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from nine students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 21,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,100 faculty members. Harvard has produced eight American presidents and many Nobel Prize winners.

During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.

Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5-million-dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.

Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the imp ortant of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.

1. What is main idea of the passage?

2. How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?

3. What was the relationship between Harvard University and

religion during its early years?

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’s fundraising program?

5. What did President Rudenstine do?

Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D

Uint 3

Culture makes me what I am

II. Basic Listening Practice

1. Script

W: Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom.

M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.

Q: Why don’t Chinese students say anything in classroom according

to the man?

2. Script

W: The government is doing something at last about sex

discrimination in the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.

M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job. It’s a situatio n that has to be changed.

Q: What does the man say about women?

3. Script

W: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world’s largest manufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.

M: And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.

Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?

4. Script

M: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have a vision and know where they are going.

W: But do they enjoy life like you and me, or is money their only concern?

Q: What are the two speakers’ attitudes toward successful entrepreneurs?

5. Script

W: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational system is important?

M: Yes, but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.

Q: What does the man imply?

Keys: 1.C 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.A

III. Listening In

Task 1: Competition in America

Script

Alan: What are you reading, Eliza?

Eliza: An article on American competition.

Alan: Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge?

Eliza: Don’t make fun of me. According to the author, competition is especially important in American life. They’re taught to compete from early childhood. When children play games, they learn how to beat others.

Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sitting next to them in class. Do you think that way?

Eliza: Don’t be silly. Let’s get back to the point. When children are growing up, they compete with one another in their studies.

Alan: Isn’t that also true of students in other nations? As we all know, many Asian students kill for a high test score and grab every opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.

Eliza: American boys find great pleasure in competing with each

other in sports, according to the author.

Alan: I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feel great. Makes me want to shout out loud. But isn’t that normal throughout the world?

Eliza: American people also compete with each other at work and at climbing the social ladder.

Alan: But there’s competition in other countries as well.

Eliza: You’re right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competing is more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. The y’re even taught that if you lose and don’t feel hurt, there must be something wrong with you.

Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you think makes more sense?

Eliza: It’s hard to say. Anyway, there’s no accounting for

different cultures.

1. What is the dialog mainly about?

2. What is the woman doing?

3. What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?

4. What does the man say about students’ studies?

5. What does the woman say when asked which makes more sense, competition or cooperation?

Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D

Task 2: Americans’ Work Ethic

Script

For four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its (S1) roots were in the teaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in (S2) what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that it was their (S3) moral duty to work at every task to please God by their

(S4) diligence, honesty, attention to details, skill, and attitude. To these Puritans, it was a (S5) sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bible’s (S6) teachings, “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.”

Therefore, Americans have for (S7) centuries believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything. God would punish those who were careless or lazy in their work. (S8) Even as children they were taught, “If

it’s worth doing at all, it’s worth doing well.”

But some people have gone beyond the usual sense of diligence. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. (S9) In English a new word has been created to describe people who work

compulsivelly. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to alcohol.

There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. (S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic upholds these values.

Task 3: Cross-cultural ips on doing business

Script

Countries from around the globe, such as Germany, the U. S., The U.K., and Russia, conduct a lot of business in China--the biggest market in the world. Here are some tips to help you deal more successfully with people from those nations.

Firstly, you must be punctual with the Germans. Being even five minutes late makes a poor impression. Being punctual is alao very important with the Americans and the British. But while it's important to be on time for business meetings, nobody expects you to be punctual for a special event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, always be on time, but don't be surprised if your Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!

In the business environment of those four countries, it is best to wear formal clothes of dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are

rather common. However, don't be surprised if you go to an office in the U.K. on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies in the U.K. have "dress down Fridays", when people wear casual attire.

In conversation, the British and the Americans love humor and

talking about sports. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British, but you should avoid political talk. With the Russians, say positive things about their country, and avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!

Remember that with the Germans, once a deal has been agreed upon, you can't change it! With the Americans, money is more important than relationships, whereas with the Russians it's important to get to know your contacts well. Also, don't be surprised if a British meeting seems like chaos, with everyone participating and giving opinions!

Remember these tips and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!

Questions and key

1. What is true of the Americans and the British in terms of punctuality?

2. In which country do people have "dress down Fridays"?

3. What can you infer about the Russians from their conversation?

4. How can you do business well with the Russians?

5. What is the speaker's attitude toward the four nationalities?

Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C

VI. Further Listening and Speaking

Task 1: Punctuality

Script

To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment

usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on tome. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don’t try that at work.

American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to chance it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close

friends will just “drop in” unannounced. Also, peopl e hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.

To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Eastern cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these

societies, people don’t try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature---from the passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon---shapes their view of events. If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity pass by, they are not very worried, knowing that more time and opportunities will come in the next cycle. But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity. They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity.

The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of time like this: “Do you love life? Then do now waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”

1. According to the passage, when people are late in America, what do they do?

2. According to the passage, what do Americans do after the time

for an appointment is fixed?

3. How do people in some Eastern countries view relationships and schedules?

4. According to the passage, why aren’t some Eastern people worried if they let an opportunity pass by?

5. What was Benjamin Franklin’s view of time?

Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D

Uint 4

Taste the sweets and bitters of family life.

II. Basic Listening Practice

1.Script

M: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.

W: What! Are you crazy? You can’t do that! What will my friends say? I just want to have a normal family.

Q: What is the girl saying?

2. Script

M: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sent you these roses and his best wishes to you both for a happy anniversary.

W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciate the manager’s consideration/

Q: What can we learn from the conversation?

3. Script

W: While I’m scrambling the eggs, co uld you put the flour into the bowl?

M: You bet, darling. I’ll also turn the oven on so that it gets warmed up.