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研究生英语系列教材下unit3-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材下unit3-原文+翻译
研究生英语系列教材下unit3-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材下unit3-原文+翻译

Unit3 Oslp

1.I remember on my first trip to Europe going alone to a movie in Copenhagen. In Denmark you are given a ticket for an assigned seat.

I went into the cinema and discovered that my ticket directed me to sit beside the only other people in the place,a young couple locked in the sort of passionate embrace associated with dockside reunions at the end of long wars. I could no more have sat beside them than I could have asked to join in-it would have come to much the same thing- so I took a place a few discreet seats away. 1记得我第一次去欧洲旅行的时候,我在哥本哈根独自一人去看电影。在丹麦,电影票是对号入座的。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)我走进电影院,发现在我的票对应的座位旁,只有一对年轻情侣。这对情侣如胶似漆地拥抱在一起,如同一场持久战争结束后码头上亲人的团聚。我很不情愿坐在他们旁边,就如我绝不会要求加入他们的行为一样——这两者对我来说并没有什么不同——因此我谨慎地隔几个座位坐了下来。

2. People came into the cinema, consulted their tickets and filled the seats around us. By the time the film started there were about 30 of us sitting together in a tight pack in the middle of a vast and otherwise empty auditorium. Two minutes into the movie, a woman laden with shopping made her way with difficulty down my row, stopped beside my seat and told me in a stern voice, full of glottal stops and indignation, that I was in her place. This caused much play of flashlights among the usherettes and fretful re-examining of tickets by everyone in the vicinity until word got around that I was an American tourist and therefore unable to follow simple seating instructions and. I was escorted in some shame back to my assigned place.

2人们陆续地走进影院,参照电影票找到位子,在我们周围坐了下来。电影开场时,这个宽敞空旷的观众席中间,扎堆地坐了约30人。电影开场两分钟后,一个拎着大包小包购物袋的女士

艰难地挤到我这排,在我座位旁停下,并用严厉的口吻愤怒地朝我用充满了喉塞音的丹麦语说道,我坐在了她的位子上。女引座员马上打开手电筒查看情况,身边所有的人都不安地重新确认自己票上的座位号,直到大家都清楚了,我是一个美国游客,因此没有遵循简单的就座指示。在羞愧中我被送回指定的位子。

3.So we sat together and watched the movie, 30 of us crowded together like refugees in an overloaded lifeboat, rubbing shoulders and sharing small noises, and it occurred to me then that there are certain things that some nations do better than everyone else and certain things that they do far worse and I began to wonder why that should be.

3接下来我们坐在一起看电影,30人如同一艘超载的救生船上的难民一般挤作一团。肩膀相互摩擦着,忍受着各种细小的噪声。那时我想,有些国家在某些事情上做的比任何其他国家都好,然而在另外一些事情上,他们却糟糕很多。我开始思考为何会有如此反差。4.Sometimes a nation's little contrivances are so

singular and clever that we associate them with that country alone-double-decker buses in Britain, windmills in Holland (what an inspired addition- to a flat landscape: think how they would transform Nebraska),sidewalk cafes in Paris. And yet there are some things that most countries do without difficulty that others cannot get a grasp of at all.

4有时候某个国家的小发明是如此独特和精巧,以至于我们总是由它而联想到这个国家——英国的双层巴士,荷兰的风车(给原本单调的景观增添了多么美妙的创意:想想这些风车是如何改变了内布拉斯加州),还有巴黎人行道上的露天咖啡馆。然而,也有一些事情,大部分国家能不费吹灰之力地办到,但某些国家却完全想不到。

5.The French, for instance, cannot get the hang of queuing. They try and try, but it is beyond them. Wherever you go in Paris,you see orderly lines waiting at bus stops, but as soon as the bus pulls up the line

instantly disintegrates into something like a fire drill at a lunatic asylum as everyone scrambles to be the first aboard, quite unaware that this defeats the whole purpose of queuing.

5比如说,法国人无法掌握排队的窍门。他们一遍遍地尝试,但这似乎超出了他们的能力范围。无论你去巴黎的任何地方,总会看到整齐的队伍在公交车站候车。但一旦公交车靠站,队伍立刻瓦解,就像精神病院的消防演习一样,所有人都争抢着第一个上车,完全没意识到,这样一来排队的意义就荡然无存了。

6.The British, on the other hand, do not understand certain of the fundamentals of eating, as evidenced by their instinct to consume hamburgers with a knife and fork. To my continuing amazement, many of them also turn their fork upside一down and balance the food on the back of it. I’ve lived in England for a decade and a half and 1 still have to quell an impulse to go up to strangers in pubs and restaurants and say,

"Excuse me. Can I give you a tip that'll help stop those peas bouncing all over the table?"

6另一方面,英国人则不能领略吃的基本要领。证据就是他们本能地使用刀叉来食用汉堡。更令我惊讶的是,他们大多数都把叉子颠倒放置,将食物搁在它的背上。我已经在英国居住了 15年,但我仍不得不压制这种冲动,想要走向酒吧或餐馆里的陌生人说:“打扰一下,可以允许我告诉你一个小技巧吗?(此文来自袁勇兵博客)那样你就不会把豆子散落在整张桌子上了。

7.Germans are flummoxed by humor, the Swiss have no concept of fun, the Spanish think there is nothing at all ridiculous about eating dinner at midnight, and the Italians should never, ever have been let in on the invention of the motor car.

7德国人被幽默困扰,瑞士人对乐趣毫无概念,西班牙人丝毫不觉得在半夜吃晚饭有什么滑稽之处,而意大利人从不,也绝不会让别人告诉他们汽车是如何发明的。

8.One of the small marvels of my first trip

to Europe was the discovery that the world could be so full of variety, that there were so many different ways of doing essentially identical things, like eating and drinking and buying cinema tickets. It fascinated me that Europeans could at once be so alike-that they could be so universally bookish and cerebral, and drive small cars, and live in little houses in ancient towns, and love soccer, and be relatively unmaterialistic and law-abiding, and have chilly hotel rooms and cosy and inviting places to eat and drink-and yet be so endlessly, unpredictably different from each other as well. I loved the idea that you could never be sure of anything in Europe. 8这次欧洲之旅带给我很多惊奇的小事,其中一个就是我发现世界竟能如此多样化,对于本质上相同的事物处理起来却方式各异,比如说吃喝或是买电影票。有趣的是,欧洲人有时可以突然变得如此相似——他们普遍好学而理性,开着小车,住在古镇的小房子里,喜欢足球,不怎么注

重物质生活,遵纪守法,而且他们住寒冷的宾馆房间,去温暖舒适的地方吃喝——然而却同时拥有着如此琢磨不透、永无止尽的差异。在欧洲没有什么是百分之百肯定的,对此我十分赞同。9.I still enjoy that sense of never knowing quite what's going on.In my hotel in Oslo where I spent four days after returning from Hammerfest, the chambermaid each morning left me a packet of something called Bio Tex Bla, a "minipakke for ferie,hybel og weekend" according to the instructions. I spent many happy hours sniffing it and experimenting with it, uncertain whether it was for washing out clothes or gargling or cleaning the toilet bowl. In the end I decided it was for washing out clothes- it worked a treat-but for all I know for the rest of the week everywhere I went in Oslo people were saying to each other, "You know, that man smelled like toilet-bowl cleaner." 9我仍然享受着对事情进展的未知感。从哈默菲斯特返回后,我在奥斯陆的宾馆呆了四天,女服

务员每天早上都留给我一盒叫做Bio Tex Bla的东西,说明上说是一种“minipakke for ferie,hybel og weekend”。我不清楚它到底是用来洗衣服的,还是漱口的,或是用来淸洗抽水马桶的,我通过闻它的气味,并试验它各种可能的用法,度过了好几个快乐的小时。最后我判定它是甩来洗衣服的——它的确有效——然而就我所知,在奥斯陆度过的剩下几周中,无论我去哪儿,都听见有人互相议论:“你知道吗?那个人身上有马桶清洁剂的味道。”

10.When I told my friends in London that I was going to travel around Europe and write a book about it, they said, "Oh, you must speak a lot of languages."

10当我告诉伦敦的朋友,我将周游欧洲并写成书时,他们说:“喔,你肯定会说很多语言吧。”?

11."Why, no," I would reply with a certain pride, "only English," and they would look at me as if I were crazy. But that's the glory of foreign travel, as far as I am concerned.

I don't want to know what people are talking about. I can't think of anything that

excites a greater sense of childlike wonder than to be in a country where you are ignorant of almost everything. Suddenly you are five years old again. You can't read anything, you have only the most rudimentary sense of how things work, you can't even reliably cross a street without endangering your life. Your whole existence becomes a series of interesting guesses.

11 “为什么,我不会,”我会带着一点傲气回答,“我只会英语。”然后他们就看着我,好像我疯了。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)但是就我而言,那正是国外旅游的美妙之处。我并不想知道人们在说些什么。置身于一个对你而言完全陌生的国家,能激发一种孩子般的好奇心。除此之外,我想不出还有什么更好的办法。突然之间你又回到了五岁。你无法读懂任何东西,你对事物运行方式只有最基本的感知,你甚至无法安全地穿过马路。你的整个存在变成了一系列有趣的猜想。

12.I get great pleasure from watching foreign TV and trying to imagine what on earth is gonging on.On my first evening in

Oslo,I watched a science program in which two men in a studio stood at a lab table discussing a variety of sleek, rodent-like animals that were crawling over the surface and occasionally up the host's jacket. "And you have sex with all these creatures, do you?"the host was saying.

12 看国外电视节目,试着想象到底发生了什么事,这让我乐此不疲。比如说,在奥斯陆的第一个晚上,我收看一个科学节目,演播室里的两个男子站在一张实验桌旁,讨论着一种有着光滑皮毛的貌似啮齿目的动物,它们在桌面上爬行,偶尔爬上主持人的外套。主持人正在说:“那么你与所有这些动物做爱,是吗?13."Certainly," replied the guest. "You have to be careful with the porcupines, of course and the lemmings can get very neurotic and hurl themselves off cliffs if they feel you don't love them as you once did,but basically these animals make very affectionate companions, and the sex is simply out of this world."

13 “当然,”嘉宾回答道,“你必须对豪猪十分小心,当然,旅鼠若是感觉你不再像以前那样爱它们,会变得焦躁不安并跳下悬崖,但总的来说,这些动物是非常亲切的伴侣,并且性也是十分美妙的。

14."Well, I think that's wonderful. Next week we'll be looking at how you can make hallucinogenic drugs with simple household chemicals from your own medicine cabinet, but now it's time for the screen to go blank for a minute and then for the blights to come up suddenly on the host of the day looking as if he was just about to pick his nose. See you next week."

14 “哎呀,我觉得那很棒。下周让大家见识一下你是怎么用药柜中的简单家庭用药制造出致幻药的。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)该让荧幕空白几分光突然亮起,然后让灯光突然亮起,照在主持人身;让他看起来似乎就像正要抠鼻子。下周见。”

15.After Hammerfest, Oslo was simly wonderful. It was still cold and dusted with

greyish snow, but it seemed positively tropical Hammerfest, and I abandoned all thought of buying a furry hat. I went to the museums and for a day-long way out around the Bygdoy' peninsula, where the city's finest houses stand on the wooded hillsides, with fetching views across the icy water of the harbour to the downtown. But mostly I hung around the city center, wandering back and forth between the railway station and the royal palace, peering in the store windows along Karl Johans Gate2, the long and handsome main pedestrian street, cheered by the bright lights, mingling with the happy, healthy, relentlessly youthful Norwegians, very pleased to be alive and out of Hanunerfest and in a world of daylight. When I grew cold, I sat in caf e s and bars and eavesdropped on conversations that I could not understand or brought out my Thomas Cook European Timetable and studied it with a kind of humble reverence,planning the rest

of my trip.

15 去过哈默菲斯特后,就货得奥斯陆简直妙不可言。天气依然很冷,到处还撒着灰蒙蒙的雪花,但是比起哈默菲斯特来那可要暖和多了,这也让我彻底放弃了想要买毛皮帽的想法。我参观了博物馆,并花了一天时间游览巴度半岛,那里丛林茂密的山坡上矗立着该城市最美的房子,其视野可跨越海港冰面一直延伸到市区,十分迷人。但是大多数时间我就在市中心闲逛,在火车站和皇宫之间来回溜达,在卡尔约翰街向街旁的商店橱窗里张望。在路边明亮的灯光的照耀下,长长的卡尔约翰步行街富丽堂皇,与健康快乐、不屈不挠又充满朝气的挪威人融合在一起。我很高兴能离开哈莫斯菲特并来到这个充满活力、犹如白昼的世界。当我觉得寒意逼人时,我便进入咖啡馆或酒吧坐下,偷听那些我无法明白的对话,抑或拿出我的《托马斯库克欧洲时刻表》,满怀敬意地加以研究,做接下来的旅行安排。Thomas Cook European Timetable is possibly the finest book ever produced. It is impossible to leaf through its 500 pages of densely printed timetables without wanting

to dump a double armload of clothes into an old Gladstone4 and just take off. Every page whispers romance: "Montreux-Zweisimmen-Spiez-Interlaken","B eograd-Trieste-Venezia-Verona-Milano","Go teborg-Lax'-(Hallsberg)-Stockholm", "Ventimiglia-Marseille-Lyon-Paris"5.Who could recite these names without experiencing a tug of excitement, without seeing in his mind's eye a steamy platform full of expectant travelers and piles of luggage standing beside a sleek, quarter-mile- long train with;a list of exotic locations slotted into every carriage? Who could read the names "Moskva-Warszawa-Berlin-Basel-Geneve" and not feel a melancholy envy for all those lucky people who get to make a grand journey across一storied continent?Who could glance at such an itinerary and not want to climb aboard? Well, Sunny von Biilow for a start. But as for me, I could spend hours just

poring over the tables, each one a magical thicket of times, numbers, distances, mysterious little pictograms showing crossed knives and forks, wine glasses, daggers, miner's pickaxes (whatever could they be for?), ferry boats and buses, and bewilderingly abstruse footnotes.

16《托马斯库克欧洲时刻表》可能是已出版的最优秀的书籍。当你迅速翻阅了其500页密密印刷的时间表后,你必然有冲动想要往旅行包内塞进两抱衣服,然后立刻出发。每一页都低声诉说着浪漫:蒙特勒—兹怀斯门—施皮茨—因特拉肯,贝尔格莱德—的里雅斯特——威尼斯—维罗纳—米兰,哥德堡—拉赫斯河—(哈尔斯贝里)—斯德哥尔摩,文堤米利亚—马赛—里昂—巴黎。无论是谁吟诵这些地名,都会感受到一股强烈的兴奋,想象着雾气蒙蒙的月台,以及在400多米长的流线型车厢旁,站满了期待的旅客,堆满了行李,每个车厢里都放着一张写着外国地名的列表。当读到莫斯科—华沙—柏林—巴塞尔—日内瓦这一系列地名时,又有谁不会伤感地羡慕那些能够横跨这个历史悠久的大陆的幸

运儿呢?看过这樣的旅行安排,谁不想踏上行程呢?(此文来自袁勇兵博客)那么,桑尼.冯.比洛就是这样一个例子。但是对我来说,我可以花大量时间就这样凝视着这些列表,每一份都不可思议地包含了时刻、数量、距离、画着交叉刀叉、酒杯、匕首、矿工镐(不管做何用途)、渡轮和巴士的神奇小图,以及令人困惑的深奥脚注。

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课文翻译

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TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play? 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说, “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

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第一单元 “一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后,职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说,当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时,便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友,在学校的表现,如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因,人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院,某些寄养家庭,或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良,语言和运动技能迟缓,以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”,而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现,是文化标准和价值观而非命运,将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人,因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局,这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制,一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间,而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同,一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常,而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果,随着动作越来越熟练,你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量,改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果,但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习,这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的,因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

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Unit 1 ●翻译:(黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同,斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0116340509.html,passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6) 慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质,因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。 2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间,我们的安全感被冲破了,平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。 3.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount—and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line with their new priorities. (Para.14) 他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊,而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要,他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。 4.They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self–loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. (Para.16) 他们和经历创伤的幸存者所反复经历的感觉过程一样:自我失落,困惑,最后获得一种新的驾驭感。 ●复述: 1.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort. (Para.13) It is necessary for people to take effort consciously in order to fulfill these changes and compromise with a new reality. 2.They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. (Para.15) They are surprised by their power and they are confident that they can deal with whatever they experience through life. 3.The sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to care for an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depressed and find their marriage on the rocks. (Para.17) It is likely for parents with new-born babies to feel depressed and to feel difficult to maintain their marriage because they have been deprived of sleeping hours and they have to put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby. Unit 4 ●翻译: 1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1) 过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中,被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。 2.Even when I’m not working, I’m as likely as not to be foraging in the Web’s info–thickets — reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening

研究生英语课文翻译

Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来,法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前,由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感,该机构颁布了净化法语的法律,其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧,现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur;表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举,触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度,直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎,真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸),英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国,随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”,“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释,交流也变得有些困难。比如说,汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词);引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽);老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物);婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见,两国英语曾同出一源,而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了,按美国人的观点,是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中,甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语,就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类,让我详例如下: 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历,我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录,上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问,想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外,东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如,奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖,却用了“revolting new ideas”,即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”,目口头号游手好闲者,可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广,直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传:“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”,这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”,即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是,海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌:“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐,希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们,旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而,在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中,这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯:“使用电梯时,请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯,请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序,依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂:“想要客房服务时,请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其,人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客:“来我们餐馆吧,你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人:“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关,可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧,奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而,这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往,根据其告示,“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品,他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服,尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。

研究生综合英语(翻译+答案)

Unit One An Image or a Mirage V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲,选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的,其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因,但本不该当选的人,如果他有整洁清秀的形象,就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来,许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而,一个候选人可能非常善于演说,但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物,他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力,但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力,固然十分重要,但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人,往往产生错误的印象,因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象,一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Y our happiness will be based on it. Y ou will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the

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