(完整word)新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳,推荐文档

以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了，已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看，重点看第四章！！！其他爱看不看啦...

2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。9页

a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir.

b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan—the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning.

C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan

3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选

编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。9页

a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials.

b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays.

A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two.

练习四58页

1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。

a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living.

b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.

2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。

a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship.

Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature.

b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities.

Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships.

3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。

a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery.

b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor.

13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。

(徐光兴《枪口》) 66页

a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.

b.An autumn stream ruffled by the west wind, and the lines of wild geese set against the background of distant mountains embracing the sinking sun, har-moniously merged to enhance

the joy of hunters.(琥珀译)

14.我接着便有许多话,想要连珠一般涌出…·…但又觉得被什么挡着似的,单在脑里

面回旋,吐不出口外去。(鲁迅《故乡》) 67页

a.There were so many things then to talk about that I wanted to spew them out like a string of beads .. But something seemed to hold me back. Everything just swirled around in my head and I couldn' t get the words out.(杨宪益、戴乃迭1956年译文)

b. After this there were so many things I wanted to talk about, they should have poured out like a string of beads.. But I was tongue-tied, unable to put all I was thinking into words.(杨宪益、戴乃迭1980年译文)

练习五71页

一、结合语言语境选择较贴切的译文。

1.他昨天擦破了皮,现在到医院换药去了。

a. He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital.

b. He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressings in the hospital.

2.佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲的聪明能干,却舒服。

a. The life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.

b. The life of a tenant farmer's family was of course hard, but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman.

3.富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。

a. You will be enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture.

b. You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture.

4.不搞改革,不坚持开放政策,我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。这是一个关,这个关必须过。

a. We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a key process we must go through.

b.We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a barrier we must stride across.

练习七84页

1.务必要继续发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,提倡勤俭,崇尚节约。

a. It is imperative to carry on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage and uphold industry and thrift to prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development.

b. It is imperative to carr y on the fine tradition of hard work, encourage frugality, and prevent and check high consumption that outgrows economic development

2.这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁,鸟语花香,生意盎然,一派秀丽景色。

a. Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice, with birds singing among them form a beautiful

scene full of life and vitality

b. Sheer precipice and overhanging rocks are enveloped by wild flowers and old pine trees. Beautiful and magnificent scenery prevails with singing birds and fragrant flowers and everything full of life and vitality

3.我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上,进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。

a. The Chinese government is willing to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade communication with other Asian nations on the basis of equalty and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and joint development

b. The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations on the basis of equality, openness, long-term cooperation and mutual benefit.

第四章（以下应该比较重点）

10.世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。89页

a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

练习八

比较下列译文。译文a与b哪一种较好?为什么? 91页

1、中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。

a. The ship of China's socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.

b.China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.

2.我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友而且成为兄弟。

a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.

b.Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

3.他心直口快,总是愿意和任何人交朋友,所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。

a.His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.

b.He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust.

3.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁

a.A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

b. The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries

5.轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多,质量继续有所提高。

a. The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.

b.Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety

94页

1.中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务

a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.

b. The Central Government has newer intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.

2.中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮

a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.

b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world.

3.这事到了现在,还是时时记起

a. Even now, this remains fresh i n my memory

b. Even now, I still often think about this

4.世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃

a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

5.她使我知道人间的温暖；她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福。(巴金《我的第一个老师》)

a. It was to her that I owed my awareness of the fact that there is warmth in the World—that to show love is no less happiness than to be loved.

b. She enabled me to know the warmth of the world and the fact that we will feel

no less happy to love others than to be loved.

6.在同新闻界谈话的时候,上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词

a. When they talk to the press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree.

b.You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press.

7.(现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化,)他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪

a. Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride.

b. They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.

8.(顾和园)1900年遭八国联军破坏(,至1903年才得以修复)(答案不确定，自行选择）

a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.

b.The palace suffered ravage in the hands of the allied forces of the eight foreign powers.

该例句两个译文以不同的谓语动词表达了相同的意义。译文a用短语be reduced

to选择了被动语态的形式。译文b用动词suffer,与宾语ravage搭配,采取了主动语态

的形式。该例句说明,有时我们对谓语的处理可以有多种选择。

9.她们(指“时装模特”)逐渐地镇定下来,有了自信。

a. They gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence.

b. Gradually, they calmed down and regained self-confidence.

13.农业搞好了,农民能自给,五亿人口就稳定了。97页

a. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.

b. If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting, then the 500 million people will feel secure.

15.关于如何改进市民的居住条件问题市政府给予了充分重视。98页

a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.

b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.

练习九、比较下列译文。译文a与b哪一种更好?为什么? 99页

1.本文所讲的内容对通讯工程师来说是很有趣的。

a. The content that this paper talks about is of great interest to communications engineers .

b. What this paper discusses is of great interest to communications engineers.

2.在零售和烹调行业方面,家办企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。

a. In the retail and catering sectors, household operations have completely out-marketed the state.

b. In the retail and catering sectors, the business of household operations surpassed that of the state.

3.在我们这个时代,任何人想要在社会上起作用,就必须接受必要的教育

a. In our times, substantial education is indispensable for anyone to play his role in society.

b. In our times. anyone who wants to play his role in society must receive substantial education.

4.本文认为,这一定义具有重要意义

a. The author holds that this definition has important meaning.

b.The author holds that this definition is of great significance.

5.中国观察问题不是看社会制度

a. China studies these questions not in the light of social systems.

b.China does not regard social systems as a criterion in its approach to problems.

6.我们大为惊奇的是,那幢经受强烈的地震而幸存下来的唯一的建筑物竟是砖木

结构的

a. To our great surprise. the only building that survived the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.

b. To our great surprise, the only building that fortunately existed after the violent earthquake was one of brick and wood structure.

7.和古庙正好隔河相对的那座宝塔据说是明代的建筑

a. The pagoda that stands facing the ancient temple and is separated from each other by the river is said to have been built in the Ming Dynasty.

b. It is said that the pagoda just across the river from the ancient temple was built in the Ming Dynasty.

8.互相尊重的精神是我们今天文化合作的基础。

a. The framework of mutual respect sustains our own cultural cooperation today.

b.The spirit of mutual respect is the basis of our cultural cooperation.

4.早晨的公园里,遛鸟者时常可见。102页

a. Early in the parks we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.

b.Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early Morning.

练习十、比较下列译文。a与b哪一种更好?为什么

1.他比赛失败,我感到很惊讶。

a. I was not a little surprised that he lost the game.

b. He lost the game; I felt very much surprised.

2.鲁镇的酒店的格局,是和别处不同的:都是当街一个曲尺形的大柜台,柜里面预备着

热水,可以随时温酒。

a. The wine shops in Luzhen are not like those in other parts of China. They all have a right-angled counter facing the street, where hot water is kept ready for warming wine.

b. The layout of Luzhen's taverns is unique. In each, facing you as you enter, is a bar in the shape of a carpenter's square where hot water is kept ready for warming wine.

3.海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是资源

的宝库,环境的重要调节器

a. The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface. It is a basic component of the global bio-support system and also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.

b. The ocean, which covers 71 percent of the earth's surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.

4.邓小平的经济思想给了中国改革开放一股巨大的推动力,为中国改革开放做出了历

史贡献

a.Deng Xiaoping’s economic thought has given huge impetus to China s reform and

opening-up and made a historical contribution in this regard.

b.Deng Xiaoping's economic thought, giving huge impetus to China's reform and opening-up, is a historical contribution in this regard.

5.事虽经纬万端,但综观全局,合则对国家有利,分则必伤民族元气。

a. Though the matter was as complicated as could be an all-round view of the situation would show that cooperation is beneficial to the country and nation while division is detrimental to them.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0117820577.html,plicated as the matter was, an overall view of the situation will show that united, the country and the nation benefit; divided they suffer.

13.不看秦始皇兵马俑,不算真正到过中国。112页

a. A traveler who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra cotta figures cannot claim

to have visited China.

b.No one who has not seen the Oin Dynasty terra cotta figures can claim to

have visited China.

练习十一

二、讨论以下句子的两种译法。它们各有什么特点?你选择哪一种?为什么?

1.这些细菌要在温度达到一百摄氏度才会死亡。

a. These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100 C.

b. These bacteria will still be alive so long as the temperature is below 100C.

2.这种水泥一拌好就硬结。

a. No sooner had this cement be mixed with water than it began to harden.

b. This cement began to harden as soon as it had been mixed.

3.无论何处,铝在自然界总是以化合的形式存在着

a. Aluminum is always found combined in nature.

b. Aluminum is nowhere to be found uncombined in nature.

4.自然界中的作用力,必定要牵涉到二个或二个以上的物体

a. There is never a force acting in nature unless two or more bodies are involved.

b. Every force acting in nature must involve at least two bodies.

5.所有机器在运转时都要损失能量

a. There is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.

b. All machines will lose energy when in motion.

汉英比较翻译教程 第14单元

第14单元 I 提示 同第4单元 II 译法要点 5.1变通：OSV→SVO 5.2非谓语动词时态的语义色彩（I） 5.3 互文性 5.4 直译：名词化形容词 5.5 互文性：主题意象 5.6 互文性：普通名词与专有名词 5.7创新：专有名词 5.8 译文的多样性：短语表达 5.9误用：动词短语 5.10误用：状语的逻辑主语 5.11非谓语动词的时态语义色彩（II） 5.12误用：动词 5.13回译：后置时间状语从句 5.14矛盾修辞与Oxymoron 5.15误用：虚拟语气结构 5.16呼应：语段中的时态 5.17回译：互文词 5.18暗喻与Metaphor 5.19 变通：合译（同位语从句） III 原文与译文 【原文】 向日葵（II） 解放了，我到北京工作，这幅画却没有带来；总觉得这幅画面与当时四周的气氛不相合拍似的。因为解放了，周围已没有落寞之感，一切都沉浸在节日的欢乐之中。但是曾几何时，我又怀念起这幅画来了。似乎人就像是这束向日葵，即使在落日的余辉里，都拼命要抓住这逐渐远去的夕阳。我想起了深绿色的那面墙，它一时掩没了这一片耀眼的金黄；我曾经努力驱散那随着我身影的孤寂，在作无望的挣扎。以后星移斗转，慢慢这一片金黄，在我的记忆里也不自觉地淡漠起来，逐渐疏远得几乎被遗忘了。 十年动乱中，我被谪放到南荒的劳改农场，每天做着我力所不及的劳役，心情惨淡得自己也害怕。有天我推着粪车，走过一家农民的茅屋，从篱笆里探出头来的是几朵嫩黄的向日葵，衬托在一抹碧蓝的天色里。我突然想起了上海寓所那面墨绿色墙上挂着的梵高的《向日葵》。我忆起那时家庭的欢欣，三岁的女儿在学着大人腔说话，接着她也发觉自己学得不像，便嬉嬉笑了起来，爬上桌子指着我在念的书，说“等我大了，我也要念这个”。而现在眼前只有几朵向日葵招呼着我，我的心不住沉落又漂浮，没个去处。以后每天拾粪，即使要

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》－作者不详，在此致谢！ 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如： 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1．他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。 3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 （一）注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1．农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济（农、牧、林、渔），古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中，农与林木副渔并立，是指耕作的农业，不是指整个农业经济，古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2．他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类，故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中，“酒”是狭义，是和淡性酒相对而言的，又需译作spirits。 （二）注意词义的强弱 3．反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈，故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4．孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 （三）注意词义的褒贬

新编汉英翻译教程-第一周

翻译理论与实践 Introduction of the course（高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲）: 1）培养目标（p1） 2）课程描述（p25）笔译 3）英语专业课程设置：专业技能；必修课；高年级 4）教学要求：翻译（八级要求p10） Selection of texts: 1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（“十五”规划教材） 2）彭长江《英汉－汉英翻译教程》（修订本） 3）自编练习与对照读物。 课程考核： 平时课堂及作业占30%，期末占70% 教学目的：旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点：翻译的定义和性质 教学方法：讲述与实例相结合 参考书目：陈宏薇，《新编汉英翻译教程》；孙致礼，《新编英汉翻译教程》；彭长江，《英汉－汉英翻译教程》。 Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation 教学目的：旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点：翻译的定义和性质 教学方法：讲述与实例相结合 参考书目：孙致礼，《新编英汉翻译教程》；陈宏薇，《新编汉英翻译教程》；彭长江，《英汉－汉英翻译教程》 教学时间：2 节 1.What is “to translate”? The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译写作篇)

第8章翻译写作篇 8.1 复习笔记 一、汉语的表达优势和行文特点 1. 精炼简约 汉语文章的这一特点，与汉语词汇的特点有关。 (1) 词本身没有形态变化，即它没有性、数、格、时态这些形式上的变化。如“你去”“我去”“今天去”“明天去”，都是一个“去”，词的语音和书写都没有发生变化。 (2) 语词具有一定的伸缩性。许多单音节和双音节的词一经重叠，即表示另外的意思，词性也可能发生变化。如“人——人人”“说——说说”“高兴——高高兴兴——高兴高兴”等。 (3) 许多双音节词还可以在特定的语境下节缩，并不影响原来意思的表达。如“无（执）照经营”“毫不利（自）己，专门利（他）人”“供（应）需（求）见面”等。 (4) 大量的成语、典故、俗语、谚语、格言等，以极少的文字包容了大量的信息。如“负荆请罪”“叶公好龙”等。 2. 富于意象 所谓意象，即感情与形象的有机结合。如“木欣欣以向荣，风飘飘而吹衣”能构成鲜明的意象美。汉字独特的形声构成，是汉语富于意象的重要因素。 3. 中文思维导致汉语文本独特的语言结构和形式要素。 中文思维有“象性原则”“并置原则”“对偶原则”“殿后原则”“铺排原则”“凝

练原则”和“协律原则”。 从翻译的角度看，直接对译文写作有影响的有： (1) 并置原则 汉语写作中常有“叠言”“叠句”“叠章”的语言形式。作者通过“并置”的语句，创造意象纷呈、语义丰满、语势张扬的叙述话语。如，“诚信是……；诚信是……”，不仅有声有色地强化了文意，同时还把文意展示为一个细腻、立体的意脉网络，见出才华和文采。 (2) 对偶原则 强调词性、词义的相反相成。在写作上，最典型的就是骈体文和近体诗的写作，它们都要求对仗，并形成了严格的规范。 这种对偶句式积淀在民族文化心理结构中，在写作中我们有了上句，往往下意识地就生带出下一句来。翻译到顺手处，译者自然也会写出这种句式。 (3) 凝练原则 中国人讲究“炼字”“炼句”“炼篇”和“炼意”，讲究“推敲”，林语堂认为，汉语的单音节性“造就了极为凝练的风格”。 (4) 声律原则 这一原则对诗和散文创作影响非常大。声律还包括节奏。“譬如仄声的字容易表示悲苦的情绪，响亮的声音容易显出欢乐的深情，长的句子表示温和弛缓，短的句子代表强硬急迫的态度”（梁实秋《论散文》）。 只要我们掌握了汉语的行文特征和神韵，我们就能在翻译过程中，自觉地在字里行间继承发扬这种文字传统，创造出灿烂的译文篇章。 二、翻译写作论

(完整word)第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇).doc

“文化”（ culture ） 物质文化（ material culture ） 制度文化（ institutional culture ） 心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（ coffee）、 巧克力（ chocolate ）、 色拉（ salad）、 三明治（ sandwich ）、 歇斯底里（ hysteria）、 休克（ shock）、 基因（ gene）、 钙（ calcium）、 维他命（ vitamin ）、 奥林匹克（ Olympic ）、 雷达（ radar）、 先令（ shilling ）、 夹克（ jacket）、 电视（ television ）、 激光（ laser）、 飞机（ aeroplane）、 火车（ train）、 交响乐（ symphony ）、 基督徒（ Christian ）、 面包（ bread）、 盲文（ brail ）、 圣诞老人（ Santa Claus）、 圣经（ Bible ）、 马海毛（ mahair）、 贝雷帽（ beret）、 革命（ revolution ） 、营养（ nourish ）、 解放（ liberate ）、 民主（ democracy）、 科学（ science）、 独裁（ dictatorship ）、 心理学（ psychology ）、 形而上学（ metaphysics）、 图书馆（ library ）、 想象（ imagination ）、 暗示（ hint ）、 投资（ investment） 磁卡电话（ card phone）、 立交桥（ overpass）、 隐形眼镜（ contact lenses）、

英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”（culture） 物质文化（material culture） 制度文化（institutional culture） 心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（coffee）、 巧克力（chocolate）、 色拉（salad）、 三明治（sandwich）、 歇斯底里（hysteria）、 休克（shock）、 基因（gene）、 钙（calcium）、 维他命（vitamin）、 奥林匹克（Olympic）、 雷达（radar）、 先令（shilling）、 夹克（jacket）、 电视（television）、 激光（laser）、 飞机（aeroplane）、 火车（train）、 交响乐（symphony）、 基督徒（Christian）、 面包（bread）、 盲文（brail）、 圣诞老人（Santa Claus）、 圣经（Bible）、 马海毛（mahair）、 贝雷帽（beret）、 革命（revolution） 、营养（nourish）、 解放（liberate）、 民主（democracy）、 科学（science）、 独裁（dictatorship）、 心理学（psychology）、 形而上学（metaphysics）、 图书馆（library）、 想象（imagination）、 暗示（hint）、 投资（investment） 磁卡电话（card phone）、 立交桥（overpass）、 隐形眼镜（contact lenses）、

下拉菜单（pulldown）、 软驱（floppy drive）、 光驱（CD drive）、 鼠标（mouse）、 电脑（computer）、 内存条（RAM chip）、 复印机（xerox machine）、 安乐死（euthanasia）、 艾滋病（AIDS）、 香波（shampoo）、 连锁店（chain store）、 热狗（hot dog）、 自助餐（buffet）、 牛仔服（cowboy suit）、 T恤衫（T-shirt） 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism（ 不管别人怎样做）只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为；我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a 与b题型归纳 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0117820577.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了，已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看，重点看第四章！！！其他爱看不看啦... 2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。 9页 a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir. b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan— the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning. C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan 3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选 编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。9页 a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials. b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays. A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two. 练习四58页 1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。 a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living. b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early. 2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。 a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature. b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships. 3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。 a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery. b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor. 13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。 (徐光兴《枪口》) 66页 a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.

汉英翻译教程

《汉英翻译教程》 练习1 1、翻译的任务是什么？ 2、翻译有哪几种种类？ 3、翻译的标准是什么？ 4、如何正确理解和表达？ 练习2 翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配： 1、那个受惊的小孩紧紧抓住他母亲的手。 2、他把自己的一生献给为人民服务的事业。 3、新生儿需要细心护理。 4、该委员会由五人组成。 5、我借一下你的电话好吗？ 练习3 翻译下列各句，根据需要增补适当的词语： 1、中国总是要前进的。 2、你想看这本书，就先看吧。 3、所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 4、他们一听说有新任务就坐不住了。 5、只要中国人民积极奋斗，这个宏伟的战略目标是能够达到的。练习4 翻译下列各句，注意省略： 1．新老干部要互相学习，互相帮助，取长补短。 2．他一开口总是三句话不离本行。 3．每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。 4．一五一十地都给父母讲了。 5．他们是亲密无间的朋友。 练习5 翻译下列各句，注意划线部分词类的转换： 1．中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。2．共产党员应该吃苦在前，享受在后。 3．我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。 4．我们科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 5．社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 练习6 翻译下列各句，注意划线部分在句中的位置： 1．他们最近的成就表明他们所取得的巨大进步。 2．这是唯一可能的解决的办法。 3．不论晴雨，我们明天非去不可。 4．我们必须清楚了解所有牵涉到的问题。

5．我率领的部队南征北战，越战越强。 练习7 翻译下列各句，注意运用语态变换的方法：1．关于这个问题，已经说得很多了。 2．医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。 3．认识落后，才能改变落后。 4．这篇文章需要再润色一下。 5．他的话使我感到莫名其妙。 练习8 翻译下列各句，注意恰当运用正说与反说的技巧：1．他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 2．你恐怕弄错了。 3．他不在，我感到很寂寞。 4．只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的。 5．是重力使我们不致于从地球上抛出去。 练习9 采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句： 1．以其人之道，还治其人之身。 2．前头坐着一位老人。 3．没有矛盾，就没有世界。 4．不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 5．忠诚党的教育事业。 练习10 将下列汉语省略句译成英语省略句： 1．妈妈买了一架电视机。 2．象是要下雨的样子。 3．多年来一直喝这种苦药，我真是喝够了。 4．他有自己的打算，但不愿向别人谈论。 5．这件事你不懂，就别再操心了。 练习11 翻译下列各句，注意“得”字句补语的译法：1．她伤心得大哭起来。 2．床收拾得很整齐。 3．他兴奋得说不出话来。 4．他累得走不动了。 5．她的头发长得几乎拖地了。 练习12 翻译下列各句，注意“把”字词组的译法：1．今天是什么风把你吹来了? 2．他们把我们看做自己家里人。 3．不要把你的衣服弄脏了。 4．母亲把孩子叫回来复习功课。 5．那意味着把工作交给他了。

《大学汉英翻译教程》中的“译例”问题评析-文档资料

大学汉英翻译教程》中的“译例”问题评析 21 世纪的到来，对英语人才的培养提出了更高的标准，同时也为学科建设和教材编写提出了新的要求。《外语院系英语专业高年级系列教材一一大学汉英翻译教程（第4版）》，以下简 称《教程》，由山东大学出版社出版，王治奎等主编。本《教程》的编写旨在培养素质高、能力强的外向型翻译人才，为改革开放和建设有中国特色的社会主义服务。它既可用作本科生主修教材、硕士研究生辅助教材，又可作为翻译工作者和翻译爱好者的工作手册。自1997 年初版，就得到了专家和广大读者的广泛认可，发行量一度达到十三万册，并为不少院校所采用，作为英语专业高年级系列翻译教材使用。 《教程》强调汉语和英语基本功训练，加大了汉语语法和文言文的含量，突出了英语驾驭能力的培养。《教程》介绍了翻译的基本理论、知识和技巧，内容翔实，其中不乏出神入化的佳译、令人叹服的译技、谋篇布局的匠心独运。但是笔者在讲授《教程》的过程中也发现了“译例”中存在诸如译文语法欠佳、选词不当、词义搭配评析不当、译文词汇语体色彩与原著不符、“译例” 截取突兀以及个别译文评价缺失等问题。本文仅以《教程》为例，对书中所引用的“译例”进行分类评析，希望能引起教育界对翻译教材质量的重视，提高翻译教材出版的严谨性。 一、“译例”问题分类评析 翻译教材中截取的“译例”在整个教材的编写中发挥着举足轻重的

作用。只有通过恰当的“译例”传递，才能帮助学生在翻译实践中理解翻译理论，并自觉把所学的翻译理论及技巧在自己的翻译实践中加以运用。因此，选择高质量的“译例”及译文应该引起翻译教材编写者的足够重视。本部分将从以下四个层面对《教程》的“译例”问题分类评析。 1.语法与选词层面评析 （1）助之长着，揠苗者也。（《孟子》）They who assist it to grow long pull out their corn shoots. （Tr. James Legge ） 此“译例”有两处错误，一是译文语法欠佳，另一个是译文用词不精当。语法层面，是由于单复数不一致引起的，译文后面用的 “ their corn shoots ”复数形式，而前半句用的“ it ”单数形式；从选词层面说，译者选用了词组“ pull out ”，给人一种简单粗暴的感觉。《揠苗助长》的故事说的是古时候宋国有个人，嫌禾苗长得太慢，就一棵棵地往上拔起一点儿，回家还夸口说：“今天我帮助苗长了！”他儿子听说后，到地里一看，苗都死了。（见于《孟子?公孙丑上》）后来这个成语用来比喻违反事物的发展规律，急于求成，反而坏事。“译例”中的“ pull out ”是“把禾苗从土地里拔出来”的意思，那禾苗肯定就死掉 了，违背了故事原意，也不合常理。因此，笔者认为可以改译为“They try to help the shoots grow （faster ）by pulling them upwards - spoil things by undue haste destructive enthusiasm. ”更符合原文的意思。

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.