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Unit 10 I'd like some noodles. 2d Role-play the conversation.分角色表演对话Good afternoon.下午好。May I take your order?可以点餐了吗？Yes. Are there any vegetables in the beef soup?是的，牛肉汤里有蔬菜吗？Yes. There are some tomatoes.有。有一些西红柿OK. We'd like one bowl of beef soup.好吧，我们想要一碗牛肉汤。Sure. What size would you like?当然可以。要多大碗的？Large, please.大份的，谢谢。We'd also like gongbao chicken and some mapo tofu with rice. 我们还要宫保鸡丁和一些带有米饭的麻婆豆腐。OK. One large bowl of beef soup,one gongbao chicken, 好的，一份大碗牛肉汤，一份宫保鸡丁and one mapo tofu with rice.和一份带有米饭的麻婆豆腐。Yes, that's right.是的。B_2bw 2b Read the article about food traditions and complete the chart. Birthday Food Around the World 世界各地的生日食品What would people like to eat on their birthday?人们在生日时愿意吃什么？The answer would be different in different countries.在不同的国家答案是不同的。In many countries,在许多国家，people have birthday cakes with candles.人们吃带有蜡烛的生日蛋糕。The number of candles is the person's age.蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。The birthday person must make a wish and blow out the candles. 过生日的人要许个愿望并吹灭蜡烛。If he or she blows out all the candles

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临床医学英语的课文参考译文版

临床医学英语的课文参考译文整理版

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Unit One Text A：Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal 或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人，尊重病人，尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手. 这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的，虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史权威的看法，这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的，这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何，不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的（希波克拉底宣言），这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。作为代表当时希腊观点的唯一一小部分，希波克拉底誓言首次被写时并没有受到很好的欢迎。然而,在那远古时代结束时,医生们开始遵循誓言的条款。当科学医学在罗马帝国衰亡后遭受一显而易见的衰退时，这个誓言,连同希波克拉底医学的指示命令，在西方都几乎被遗忘是有可能的。正是通过东方坚持不懈的探索精神，使得希波克拉底医学信念和希波克拉底宣言得以在这一恶化的时期幸存下来，尤其是通过阿拉伯当局在医学上的著作。希腊医学知识而后在西方基督教复活是通过了阿拉伯文论著和原始希腊文的拉丁文翻译。到17世纪后期，专业行为标准已经在西方世界建立。被专业组织通过的第一部医学伦理学的法典是由英国内科医生托马斯·珀西瓦尔(1740 - 1804)1794年编写的, 并在1846年被改编和通过了美国医学协会(AMA)。Thomas Percival提出的道德规范为职业医师提供了金标准，主宰着医生们服务他人时的道德权威和独立性以及医生对病人的责任，还有医生的个人荣誉。 6.The seeds had been sown by Hippocrates - or one of his ghost writers. 种子已经被希波克拉底或者他的代笔者们所播种。 7.二战之后，由于在罪犯身上进行骇人听闻的医学实验而违反了医学伦理准则，23位来自行德国纳粹集中营的医生被判有罪。这一事件导致了纽伦堡宣言的诞生（1947），这意味着关于人类受试者的道德治疗的讨论的开启，概述了在医学研究中关于这些受试者权益的道德问题。这反过来导致1948年世界医学协会通过了维也纳宣言的宣誓。 Contemporary dilemmas in the Modern World

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155******** 一单元 SECTION A 1a 我通过制作抽认卡来学习。通过和朋友一起学习。通过听磁带。通过做抽认卡。通过向老师求助。通过读课本。通过制作单词本。 1c A：你怎么为考试而学习。B：我通过参加学习小组来学习。 2a 1、你是通过看英文录像学英语的吗？ 2、你曾和朋友们练习过对话吗？ 3、听磁带怎么样？ 4、大声朗读以练习发音怎么样？5、我曾经通过参加学习小组的方式学习过吗？ 2b A是的，我通过那种学习方式学到了很多。B、哦，是的，它提高了我说英语的能力。C、有时那样做。我觉得他有用。D、不。（通过看英语录像学习）太难了，无法理解录像中的人所说的话。 2c A你曾经通过参加学习小组来学习吗？B、是的，我参加赤字，通过那种方式我学到了很多。 Grammer Focus 你怎么为准备一场考试而学习？我靠听磁带。你怎样学习英语？我通过参加学习小组来学习。你通过大声朗读来学习英语吗？是的，我是。你曾和朋友们练习过对话吗？哦，是的，他提高了我说英语的能力。你曾经通过参加学习？小组来学习吗？是的，我参加过。通过那种方式我学习到了很多。 3a如何才能学得最好这星期我们询问了新星高中的同学关于学习更多英语的最佳方法的问题。许多同学说他们通过使用英语为学习它，一些还有很特别的建议。比如，李莉莲说学习新单词的最好的方法是阅读英语杂志。她说记忆浒音乐的歌词也有一些作用。当我们问及学习语法的问题时，她说：“我从不学习语法。它太枯燥了。” 魏明有不同的看法。他学习英语已经6年了，并且确实喜欢英语。他认为学习语法是学习一门语言的一种好方法。他还认为观看英语电影也不错，国灰他可以看到演员说话的情形。但是，有时候他发现看英语电影是件很头痛的事情，因为那些演员说话太快了。刘畅说加入学校英语俱乐部是提高英语最好的方法。学生有很多练习的机会并且他们也有很多乐趣。她补充说和朋友练习会话一点用处也没有。“我们会因为某件事变得很激动，最后用汉语来讲，”她说。 3b A：我正在作一个关于学习英语的调查。我能问你一些问题吗？B：当然。A：太好了！你叫什么名字？B：魏明。A：那么你是怎样学习英语的，魏明？B：…… 4 A：你列词汇表吗？B：噢，是的。我常那样做。SECTION B 1a我不会发其中一些单词的音。我不会拼写一些英语单词。我听不懂英语口语。我在语法上犯错误。我读得很慢。1b我不知道怎么使用逗号。2a 1、不能正确发音。 2、忘记很多生词。 3、人们和我说话时我不能每次都听懂。 4、不能理解杂志中的单词。 5、没有获得很多写作训练。 2B A、你可以一直将生词写在你的笔记本里，并在家学习它们。B、你应该找一个笔友。C、听力能起作用。D、为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部来练习说英语呢？ 2C A：我没有搭档来练习英语。B、也许我应该加入一个英语俱乐部。 3a我是怎样学习英语的去年英语课对我来说很难。首先，对我来说听懂老师说话很难。开始，她说的太快，我不能听懂每个单词，后来，我意识到如果你听不懂每个单词并没有关系。而且我害怕在班上说话，因为我认为同学们可能会嘲笑我。我也不是总能造出完整的句子。然后我开始看英文电视。那很有用。我认为做大量听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘决之一。另一件我觉得很难的事是英语语法。所以我决定在每节课上记大量语法要点。然后我开始用我正在学的语法自己写新句子。这样作用处之大令人惊奇。现在我很喜欢学英语并且这学期我得了个A。我的老师对我印象很深。作者觉学英语很难是因为……1、老师发音差。2、她说话时人们总是嘲笑她。3、她在造完整的句子方面有困难。4、英语语法很难。当她开始…她的英语提高了。5、和说英语的朋友一起出去。6、大量的听力练习。7、在自己组织的句子里使用语法。 3b 亲爱的，我知道学英语不容易，但我有一些想法可能有用。你说你不能理解说话太快的人。那么，你可以尽量听最重要的单词，而不是每个单词。 4 1、关于学英语什么不容易。2、就这一点你作了什么？ 3、你最喜欢的学习更多英语的方式是什么？韩文说如果人们语速太快听力有时就很难。 SELF CHECK 1 你应该在词汇表中写下新的英文单词。2、如果你不知道怎样拼写生词，就查词典。3、最好的提高你的英语（水平）的方法是加入英语俱乐部。4、另一件他觉得很困难的事是英语语法。5、这种纸摸上去非常柔软。 2 READING Section 2使用词典词典是有用的学习工具，但许多英语单词有不同的含义和用法。我们需要确定我们从词典中找到的含义与语境匹配。我们该怎样解决我们的烦恼？无论贫富、老少，我们都有烦恼。并且除非我们解决了问题，否则我们会轻易变得不开心。为我们的问题担忧会影响我们在学校的表现。它也会影响我们同家人相处的方式。所以我们该怎么解决我们的烦恼呢？有许多方法。它不是烦恼----它是挑战。享受面对它（的过程）。通过学会忘记

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