学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈

学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈

在学士学位英语考试复习中，翻译既是重点也是难点，在此提醒考生一定要给予足够重视。外语教育网的小编为考生整理了学士学位英语考试翻译题型解题秘笈，希望考生认真阅读和学习。

翻译部分是03年增加的题型。放在试卷的最后，共有10个小题，考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉，要求考生把阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英，要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语言错误。翻译部分的目的是测试学生词汇、语法、句型方面综合运用语言的能力。

英译汉应试技巧

英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意：

1、汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构；

2、在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。

英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段,因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

(一)理解

理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文，建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤：

1、通读全文。通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语，往往无法理解该部分的真正含义。一篇好的文章，其前后的意思都互相关联，具有很强的逻辑性，一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来，因此，上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分，通读全文是很重要的。但是,在通读全文的过程中应该注意，对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多，对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意，只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分,只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。

2、分析划线部分的句子结构。从一般的翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。因此正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键。

3、理解分析划线部分的含义。考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题：

(1)句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么；

(2)句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么；

(3)按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。

总之,在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动手翻译，这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了，猛然又发现自己理解有误，马上就急忙修改，搞的卷面上一塌糊涂，而且很容易忙中出错，把本应拿到的分数丢掉了，这是非常令人可惜的。

(二)表达

表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来,理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，平时做翻译练习时有同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点。这里介绍两种基本的翻译方法：直译和意译。

1、直译。所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式。在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处，在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中,完全可以采取直译的方法，这样可以获得一举两得之功效，既保持了原文的结构，又正确表达了原文的内容。但是直译不是死译和硬译，象It is asserted that…;It is believed that…这一类的结构，如果直译过来那就不伦不类了。

2、意译。汉语和英语分别属于不同的语系，两者在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时，就应采用意译法，意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式，重点在于正确表达原文的内容。例如Do you see any green in my eye象这样的句子，只能采取意译的方法，把它翻译为“你以为我是好欺骗的吗”当然,意译并不等于乱译,胡乱地翻译是不符合“忠实”的翻译标准的。

在具体的翻译过程中，我们应该采取灵活的方法，不论是直译还是意译，只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则，都是可取的。在翻译的过程中，我们务必注意以下几点：

A、理解透彻之后再动手表达，否则表达的结果会令人莫名其妙；

B、切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座，逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往往是不伦不类；

C、切忌擅自增减词意，增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。

(三)校核

校核阶段是理解与表达的进一步深化，是对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段，因此，校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段，并不是可有可无的，通过表达之后的校核，我们可以发现译文的一些问题，确保自己理解的内容很有把握地得到分数。在校核阶段，一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题(1)人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等；(2)汉语译文的词与句有无错漏；(3)修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇；(4)有无错别字；(5)标点符号是否有误。

做汉译英时一般应经过以下步骤

1、理解句子的意思。

2、根据意思选择句子结构，搭起基本框架；选择适当的词汇和表达手段，特别要按英语的表达逻辑来调整语句。如“虽然…但是”，在译成英文时不能译成Although…but…, 而只能译成Although he is poor, he is well contented.他虽穷却能知足常乐。

3、最后审校。这是不可缺少的一个重要环节，而且在最后审校时一定要对照原句，这样才能检查出译文在理解和表达上有什么问题，是否有错译和漏译，以便及时改正。

实例分析

1、这封信必须交给威尔逊本人。

The letter is to be handed to Doctor Wilson himself.（首先分析句子结构：它是一个含有被动语态的简单句，另外要注意谓语动词“必须交给”如何表达。）

2、主席建议这个问题下次再议。

The chairman proposed that the matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.（首先分析句子：这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主句中用了propose一词，因此宾语从句要用虚拟语气。然后确定时态为过去将来时的被动语态。）

3、不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。

It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.（此句是一个形式主语从句，it is self-evident that 是一个常用的句型，另一个重要的短语是be vital to 对…是重要的，关键的。）

4、千万别说可能会被别人误解的话。

Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.（此句是一个祈使句的否定句。还有两个重要的短语：be sure to do sth,一定做…,be capable of donging sth：有能力做…。）

5、我们彼此相识刚好一年。

It is /has been just a year since we got to know each other.（这句涉及到动词的完成时，因为know是非延续性动词，因此常用从句it is…since 的句型，前面我们已经讲过。）

6、一辆卡车驶进了积雪覆盖的操场。

A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground of the school.

7、她刚收到儿子的来信，大大减轻了她的忧虑。

A letter from her son, which had just been delivered to her, greatly relieved her anxiety.（注意非限定性定语从句被动语态的使用。）

8、每月一定要留出足够的钱，这样你就能买下学期的教科书了。

Be sure to set aside enough money each month so that you can buy the textbooks for the next term.（此句是祈使句，而且含有结果状语从句。）

9、尽管困难重重，我们仍决心执行我们的计划。

In spite of all the difficulties, we are determined to carry out our plan.（两个重要的短语：in spite of 和be determined to do sth）

10、众所周知，我们的许多问题至少部分是由于没能交流思想而引起的。

It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.（it is well known句型的使用。）

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