2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining

old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and

16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

思路：

1.大致介绍文章主要内容

2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

1. 本篇文章的主要内容：

主要讲述了17-18世纪早期从欧洲到美洲的移民运动。来自欧洲的各民族人民历尽艰险，漂洋过海来到美洲。他们的到来给美洲带来了巨大变化和影响。美洲资源丰富，欧洲移民对这片陆地充满期盼。

2. 文章的第一段主要点明了这次移民的时间以及这次运动的深远影响。共两句话。

在17世纪到18世纪早期的一百年时间里，一次移民浪潮——一次史上伟大的民族迁徙——从欧洲席卷至美洲。这句中有两个需要注意的单词，第一个是span，span的意思是“一段时间”；wandering的意思是“流浪、漂泊”。

接下来是划线的需要翻译的第一句，（46）This movement, driven by powerful and diverse

motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

先来分析句子结构，找出句子的主干。句子的主干是This movement built a nation out of a wilderness and shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 剩下的部分d riven by powerful and diverse motivations和by its nature，是句子的状语，用来修饰整个句子。我们试着翻译一下句子的主干——这次运动/这次迁徙在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族，塑造了这片未知大陆的特征，决定了它的命运。

之后再来翻译状语部分，driven by powerful and diverse motivations，意思是“受各种强大的动机的推动”，by its nature的意思是“在其本质上，就其本质而言”。

下一步需要将这两部分整合起来，润色译文，使译文读起来通顺流畅，符合汉语习惯。这里需要将driven by powerful and diverse motivations这部分放到句子最前面，因为这部分是表示原因的。而汉语中一般表示原因的句子在前面。这个句子的译文参考：在各种强大的动机的推动下，这次运动在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族，并且就其本质而言，塑造了这片未知大陆的特征，决定了它的命运。

这句话需要注意的有以下几点：

1）状语的翻译。需要将其提前，放在句子最前面。

2）适当使用增译法，以使词语搭配合适。这里的shape修饰character和destiny两个词，但“塑造”和“命运”一词搭配不当，所以需要增加一个与“命运”搭配的词，这里用了“决定”一词。

这段中需要掌握的单词有：

1）wandering to move about without a definite destination or purpose 流浪，漫游

2）uncharted (of an area of land or sea) not mapped or surveyed 未知的，未探索的

3. 文章的第二段：

第二段主要论述了美洲是一个大熔炉，融合了欧洲各国移民的不同思想、习俗、文化、传统习惯等。美洲在各种力量的影响下，逐渐形成了自己鲜明的特色。

第二段一共六句。开头第一句是主题句。指出美国（合众国）是两种主要力量相互作用的产物。破折号后面是对这两种力量的解释。第二句和第三句对第一种力量进行了说明。第四句以but开头，表示转折。尽管欧洲各国移民努力用自己的风俗习惯去影响他人，但由于各种因素的影响，都使美洲发生了巨大的变化。这些变化虽然看上去难觅踪迹，但实际上一种新的、具有美洲特色的社会模式已经慢慢形成了。

第47题，句子的主干是破折号前面的这部分。破折号后面的部分作同位语，是对two principal forces的解释。翻译的时候不需调整语序，直接翻译即可。这句话句式较简单，需要注意的单词有2个：1）principal,主要的2）traits特征。这句话的翻译如下：美国是两种主要力量相互作用的产物——一是具有不同思想、不同风俗和不同民族特

征的欧洲各民族人民的迁入；二是改变了这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

接下来，我们边读句子边对句子进行大概的解释。“不可避免地，殖民地时期的美洲是欧洲的投影。成群的英国人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞典人及其他民族的人不断地穿越大西洋，试图把他们的习惯和传统迁移到这个新世界里。”

第48题，以but开头，表示对上句的转折。句子虽然较长，但结构非常简单。前三个分句是句子的主语，句子主干是“the force, the interplay, and the sheer difficulty caused significant changes”。需要注意的是这三个名词of之后的内容的翻译。需要将这些部分放到主语的前面。翻译的时候注意调整好语序，符合汉语习惯。这句话的翻译可以参考下面：

但是，美洲特有的地理条件的作用，不同民族之间的相互影响，再加上要在一片原始的、全新的大陆上维持旧世界运行方式所存在的巨大困难，这些都引发了巨大变化。

接下来的几句话的大意是：“这些变化是逐渐产生的，最初几乎察觉不到。但这些变化却形成了一种新的社会模式，尽管它在很多方面都与欧洲社会相似，但却已经具有明显美国特色了。”

本段需要掌握的单词有：

1) peculiar to 特有的

2）interplay相互影响

3）scarcely 几乎没有，几乎不

文章第三段主要讲述了欧洲移民历尽艰辛、漂洋过海来到美洲的过程。第一句指出第一批移民来到美洲的时间——在发现美洲大陆的100年之后。第二句是说与此同时，西班牙也在世界各地建起了殖民地。这些欧洲移民乘坐着拥挤狭窄的小船，在6到12周的旅程中，靠着勉强可以充饥的食物生存了下来。很多船在风暴中失踪了，很多人也因疾病失去了生命，

婴儿更是难以幸免。有时风暴把船刮得远离了航线，但有时长时间的风平浪静导致的耽搁又让人难以忍受。

要翻译的句子位于句首，点明了第一批移民的时间。首先通读句子，找出句子的主干，句子主干是“The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic”。第一批移民穿越了大西洋。bound for the territory作后置定语，用来修饰前面的immigrants,而which is now the United States是一个定语从句，用来修饰territory, 意思是这片地域就是如今的美利坚合众国。句子的后半句比较长，表明这次移民的时间。是什么时候？是在15世纪-16世纪的北美探险过去100多年以后。这句话的意思是说，第一批欧洲移民在北美探险过去100多年后来到了美洲这片土地，而如今这里已然是美国的所在地了。考虑到汉语的表达习惯，我们需要将时间状语提前，放到句首。而territory which is now the United States需要注意调整语序，避免修饰语过长。译文可参考下文：

在15-16世纪的北美探险过去100多年以后，第一批满载着移民的船只穿过大西洋，来到了这片土地，也就是今天美国的所在地。

本句翻译需要注意的地方有：

1）时间状语的翻译。需要将时间状语提前至句首，以符合汉语表达习惯。

2）后置定语和定语从句的翻译。需要注意结构调整，不可全部放在主语前面，否则修饰语太长，不符合汉语习惯。

文章的最后一段，主要讲述了移民历尽千辛万苦，最终到达目的地之后的喜悦心情。另外也指出美洲森林资源丰富，覆盖范围广阔，是名副其实的宝库。

本段开头引用记录员的一句话“这些焦灼的旅行者们看见美洲海岸的那一刻，内心立刻充满了难以言表的轻松，整个人都如释重负”。12里以外的空气闻起来简直跟鲜花盛开的花园一样芳香。这些殖民者们第一眼看到的便是这片新大陆上的茂密森林。接下来是需要翻译

的一句话。句子主干是“The virgin forest was a veritable real treasure-house”这片原始森林是一座真正的宝库。veritable的意思是“真正的，名副其实的”。with its richness and variety of trees作为forest的后置定语，用来修饰forest。意思是这片森林的树木资源丰富，种类繁多。翻译的时候可以译为“枝叶繁茂、数轴繁多的原始森林”。句子的后半部分，which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia，是一个定语从句，用来修饰treasure-house。表明这片原始森林的覆盖范围。翻译的时候为了符合汉语习惯，可以将这部分的位置做相应调整。本句译文参考如下：

这片原始森林枝叶繁茂，树种繁多，从缅因州向南，一直绵延到佐治亚州，是一座名副其实的宝库。

本句翻译需要注意的有以下几点：

1）后置定语的翻译。with引导的后置定语可以放在主语后面。

2）定语从句的翻译。which引导的定语从句较长，翻译的时候要注意调整语序。

本段需要掌握的单词和短语如下：

1）inexpressible （感情）难以表达的，无法形容的

2）a glimpse of瞥见，瞥一眼，看一眼

3）abundant 充足的，丰富的，大量的

4）lumber 木材

5）potash 碳酸钾

6）dye 染料

7）naval stores 松脂制品

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

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2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

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