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雅思阅读长难句分析1

雅思阅读长难句分析1
雅思阅读长难句分析1

1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5

雅思阅读长难句分析: 1

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can

be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be

acquired by a sort of special training.

雅思阅读长难句分析: 2

Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at

the expense of techno logy or vice versa

(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

雅思阅读长难句分析: 3

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends

upon the amount, reliability, and

Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom

with which it is interpreted.

雅思阅读长难句分析: 4

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts

peculiar to historical work in general or to the

Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical

inquiry.

雅思阅读长难句分析: 5

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its

agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

---------------------------1-5答案------------------

答案:

and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these

processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

。这是典要点:句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …型的句型it + is + p. p. (过去分词)+ that clause。it是形式主语,句

子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句,由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译成“操作”,根据上下文应译成“活动”,这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”,而不能简单地理解成“过程”。

译文:许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程

相比,认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

答案:

whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

。whether … or 要点:句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …

引导了主语从句作句子的主语,financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”;介词结构of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语the issue 的后置定语,of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从

句。

译文:政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经

费投入还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量

答案:

how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

。句子的主语

要点:句子的框架是how … depends on … and on … 

由how引导的主语从句担任;谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个

由and连接的并列宾语,在第二个宾语中,介词with + which 引导的

定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。

译文:这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用

信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智

答案:

there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

。主句是

要点:句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从

句作同位语;在同位语从句中,谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连

词or连接的并列宾语: a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of

historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中,形容词词组peculiar to historical

work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语

作后置定

中同样有形容词词组appropriate… to … of historical inquiry

语修饰the research techniques。

译文:所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探

究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。

答案:

furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and

that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all

kinds.

要点:句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …

。这是

典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语,真正的主语

是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句: a. that the strength is …

。第一个主语

bound with…; b. and that this … rests upon the efforts …

从句中的词组be bound up with是“与…有关联”之意;在第二个主语从

句中,代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,

译为“效率的提高”。

译文:再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率

密切相关,而效率的提高则又

2. 【雅思长难句分析】6-10

雅思阅读长难句分析: 6

What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.

雅思阅读长难句分析:7

There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.

雅思阅读长难句分析:8

it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.

雅思阅读长难句分析:9

it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.

雅思阅读长难句分析:10

there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals

to put into life, rather than

and societies derives from what we’re able

what we try to get out of it.

------------------------6-10答案------------------------

答案:

what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.

。what 要点:句子的框架是what … is the hormone melatonin which is …引导了一个主语从句,而谓语部分中由which引导了非限制性定语从

句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是“时差综合症”,blues不能译成“蓝色”,而是“忧郁”之意。

译文:能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素,人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。

答案:

there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.

要点:句子的框架是there are … kids …, and demographers predict that …。这是一个并列复合句,在第二个并列分句中,谓语动词predict 后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句;在that宾语从句中,a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。

译文:12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万,人口学家预测,到2010年他们将达到3500万,比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多

答案:

it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.

。句子由but

要点:句子的框架是it seemed … but what … was that …

连接的两个并列分句构成: a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what

在第二个分句中,what引导了主appeared to be happening was that … 

语从句担任主语,that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成“注射”,

根据上下文要译成“注入”。

译文:地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑,这几乎是难以令

人相信的,但是这确实正在发生。

答案:

it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several

decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education

prepares people to live in an already outdated society.

要点:句子的框架是it is … surprising … that education system have … 

that …。it 是形式主语,真正的主

been … criticized, … on the ground

语是that引导的主语从句,而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从

句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作

介词词组on the ground 中ground的同位语,ground这里的意思是“根

据”。

译文:那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评,就不那么令人

感到惊讶了,批评者的部分根据是,这种教育培养人们在一种已过时

的社会中生存。

答案:

there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals

to put into life, rather than

and societies derives from what we’re able

what we try to get out of it.

要点:句子的框架是there are … grounds for thinking that the health… 

derives from what …, rather than what…

中包

。介词结构for thinking …

含了that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语;而这个宾语从句中又

包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句: a. what we’re able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 两个宾语从句由rather than连接。

译文:至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量,我们对生活

能够付出多少而不是我们能向生活取得多少。

------------------------------------------------------

3. 【雅思长难句分析】11-15

雅思阅读长难句分析:11

it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

雅思阅读长难句分析:12

experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.

雅思阅读长难句分析:13

the announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one

of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.

雅思阅读长难句分析:14

a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race

by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had

been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.

雅思阅读长难句分析:15

yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity (速度)of light did

not vary.

---------------------------11-15答案----------------------------

答案:

It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to

waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed

information about courses and more advice.

要点:句子的框架是it … becomes … that, if …, there will have to be…it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句是句子的真正主语,在that从句中,

if引导了条件状语从句。

译文:因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为

他们提供大量关于课程的更为

详尽的信息,做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

答案:

experts are debating whether we should burden young children with

mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve

children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.

要点:句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should …, or

,而whether … encourage…。句子的主语部分是experts are debating …

or … 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词are debating的宾语。其中burden…with…是“使…背上负担”之意;在后半句or encourage the use

of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中,两个并列的不定式短语to relieve … 

of …和to free…to

作目的状语。另外,词组relieve

understand …

somebody of something指“减轻…”。

译文:我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担,还是应该鼓励他们使用

计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任务,使他们不再费神去理解(抽象的)

数学概念,专家们对此尚未达成一致。

答案:

The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one

of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.

要点:句子的框架是the announcement… that is has decided… brings an 。主语the announcement后面跟了一个that引导的同位语从句,

end to …

在that从句中,动词不定式短语to build… called the sonic cruiser

plan的后置定语,而不定式短语中的过去分词短语called the sonic

cruiser作plane的后置定语;破折号之后的and some say是插入语。

译文:波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飞机

的计划,这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力—还有人称纯属空

想的计划落了空。

答案:

A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. 要点:句子的框架是 a religious sect… declared … that …, but it offered…。这个句子中,由but连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句

修中,由that引导的定语从句that contends that… by cloning themselves 饰先行词a religious sect,而定语从句中又包含了that引导的宾语从句

作动词contends的宾语。

译文:一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第

一个克隆人已出生,但它没有谈及过多细节,也没有提供任何证据。

答案:

yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity (速度)of light did not vary.

要点:定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构,翻译成前置的定语词组。

译文:然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中,都没有发

现这种影响:光速没有变化。

------------------------------------------------------

4. 【雅思长难句分析】16-20

雅思阅读长难句分析:16

if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy (星系)would be about 1/25th the speed of light

雅思阅读长难句分析:17

but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than

from overhead conductors.

雅思阅读长难句分析:18

as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is

produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.

雅思阅读长难句分析:19

to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to

play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.

雅思阅读长难句分析:20

at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.

------------------------16-20答案------------------

答案:

if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy (星系)would be about 1/25th the speed of light.

译文:如果探测体需要,比如说,100年时间来生成自己的副体,那

么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平均速度大约为光速的1/25

答案:

17. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.

要点:在限制性定语从句中有一个固定短语rather than,我们还是把

它翻译成稍复杂的带“的”的定语从句。

译文:但是,这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电

力的那些铁路上。

答案:

18. as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.

要点:在这句的定语从句中,有现在分词作前置定语,及过去分词作

后置定语,翻译成前置的定语

词组会生涩拗口。因此,将从句与主句分开翻译,单独成句。

译文:因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电

子更多,所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度,使正在描述的荧

幕上的光强度成倍增强。

答案:

to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.

要点:这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。

译文:在最初的几年里,杂草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生,为了消

灭这些杂草,需要有效的除草剂,发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。

答案:

at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.

要点:在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句of which he is in command的痕迹。定语从句完全融入汉语翻译中。

译文:在大的铁路终点站,站长的工作主要是行政管理的,这是由于

车站运营范围广、工作人员多。

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5. 【雅思长难句分析】21-25

雅思阅读长难句分析:21

attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a

swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in

small ones.

雅思阅读长难句分析:22

although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in

mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in

Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to

arbitrary authority.

雅思阅读长难句分析:23

one is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface”which visible light photons (光子)freely emerge.

雅思阅读长难句分析:24

rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede

their motion

雅思阅读长难句分析:25

congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself

raising an army and selecting George washington as its commander in

chief.

------------------------------21-25答案-------------------

答案:

attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a

swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in

small ones.

要点:定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句,用人称代词“它”代替先行

词“吊架灯”。

译文:一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时,他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架,

它随着气流时而划一个大弧,时而划一个小弧。

答案:

although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in

mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in

munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to

arbitrary authority.

译文:虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异,数学尤为突出,但他很讨厌

上这所慕尼黑的中学。在这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权

威的服从。

答案:

one is th e visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons (光子)freely emerge.

要点:本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句,为了

符合汉语表达习惯,我们将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。

译文:一个例子就是太阳的边缘,这是一个气状的表面,可见光的光

子从中源源涌出。

答案:

rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.

要点:在语义上,定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系,因此我们将定

语从句译为原因状语从句。

译文:火箭在太空中运行最佳,因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。

答案:

congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.

要点:定语从句与先行词融合起来,翻译成时间状语从句。

译文:代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议,而现在则发展到

招募兵员并推选乔治? 华盛顿为总司令了。

------------------------------------------------------

6. 【雅思长难句分析】26-30

雅思阅读长难句分析:26

this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.

雅思阅读长难句分析:27

other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and

welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.

雅思阅读长难句分析:28

in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.

雅思阅读长难句分析:29

medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.

雅思阅读长难句分析:30

behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. -----------------------------26-30--------------

答案:

this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.

要点:句子的框架是the food supply will not increase... to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis ...。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。其先行词是前面一整句。翻译时译成另一个分句。

在这个从句中又包含了一个由that引导的名词从句作means的宾语。指示代词this在这儿指代上文的人口增长。

译文:食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食

的生产和购销方面正陷入危机

答案:

other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.

要点:句子的框架是other issues that concern ...,are not easily linked to...,save at...。这是一个含有that引导的定语从句的长主句,other issues是主语,也是先行词。such as引导并列成分。谓语是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在这个句子中

,意为“除了。。。”body politic可译为“国家”。

相当于“except”

译文:除了在教育层次上,其他一些与国家息息相关的问题,如犯罪、贫穷和福利都难以与公共支持的科研相提并论。

答案:

in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.

要点:句子的框架是in the greek heritage..., myth has always been...,

which signified...。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰reason。在这个句子中,which引导的非限制性定语从句兼有状语从句的功

能,翻译时可视作原因状语从句翻译。reason在此句中不译为“原因、理由”,应译为“理性”。

译文:在西方希腊遗产中,神话与理性始终处于紧张冲突状态,因为

理性意味着对现实进行合情合理、符合实际的分析和描述

答案:

medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.

要点:句子的框架是medicine, like all..., needs scholars who are able to...。like all branches of science是插入语。关系代词who引导定语修饰scholars。在这个从句中包含一个名词从句—what is relevant作determine的宾语。flowing stream of new data在此译为“新数据流”。apply...to在此句中译为“把……应用于……”。

译文:正像所有的科学分支一样,医学也需要这类学者,他们既能开

发适当的“实证规则”,又能把那些规则应用到不断变化的新数据流中

去,进而确定哪些信息是相关的。

答案:

behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

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