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10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译
10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通)

1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说).

2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量).

3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题..

............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了)

总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了.

所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去..

Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues)

1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ).

2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.

together power, and some fans and even the roof of the staircase lighting the fire together in a loop to a table measurement).

3. Grounding system grounding protection type of the original design of the TN-S system actually twisted into a "TN-SCS" system (needs to be done indoors TN-C, fun, right?), Strictly in accordance with the so-called "three-phase four-wire system "do repeat the ground to implement, resulting in repeated follow-up construction of a waste of resources and the existence of security risks and so on ..

............................( Violation of building electrical design and so on enumerate really sorry to those people leave bread where the face Forget)

In short it, the review by drawing the electrical design drawings in the group of people's eyes do not know what, often after the completion of the high and low voltage power supply system has been distorted beyond recognition, and to have 50 percent of reservations have been is thankful.

So. I think: residential building electrical design for power sector to go! Big deal leave here, let him for a few essential circuits of power, love how frustrating tossing him from a how to ..

住宅小区电气设计-毕业论文

摘要 本设计主要阐述了现代化小区各系统电气设计的设计依据、原则和方法及设计选择的结论。本设计共主要包括强电部分设计部分设计及安防部分设计。 强电部分主要内容包括:低压配电系统、照明系统及防雷接地系统的设计, 其中包括负荷计算、照度计算等。 本小区电气设计作为毕业设计,其目的是通过切身实践,综合运用所学知识,理论联系实际,锻炼独立分析和解决建筑电气设计问题的能力,为即将面临的工作奠定坚实的基础。

引言 本次设计的主要针对是现代化住宅小区楼内供配电系统设计。通过具体的实例工程设计,初步掌握高层建筑配电系统设计的基本方法, 更好的将理论和实践相结合 , 将大学三年来所学的课程及知识应用到自己的专业中去, 也为将来的工作打下良好的基础。 本工程为 11层的民用普通高层建筑,为二类高层建筑,按三级负荷供电,三类防雷建筑物进行电气系统设计。在本设计中,要求完成对住宅小区楼内配电系统设计,主要包括低压供配电系统、照明系统、插座系统、防雷与接地系统。论 文针对民用高层建筑电气的设计和使用需要,,侧重于电气基本理论和基本知识。设计中,总体按照民用建筑设计规范来建立设计的整体思路,并完成配电系统的负荷计算、设备选型、系统构成、照度计算等。

一设计概况 本次设计的主要针对是现代化住宅小区楼内供配电系统设计。通过具体的实例工程设计,初步掌握高层建筑配电系统设计的基本方法, 更好的将理论和实践相结合 , 将大学三年来所学的课程及知识应用到自己的专业中去, 也为将来的工作打下良好的基础。 本工程为 11层的民用普通高层建筑,为二类高层建筑,按三级负荷供电,三类防雷建筑物进行电气系统设计。在本设计中,要求完成对住宅小区楼内配电系统设计,主要包括低压供配电系统、照明系统、插座系统、防雷与接地系统。论 文针对民用高层建筑电气的设计和使用需要,,侧重于电气基本理论和基本知识。设计中,总体按照民用建筑设计规范来建立设计的整体思路,并完成配电系统的负荷计算、设备选型、系统构成、照度计算等。 二配电系统 (一)设计要求 供配电系统设计应根据工程特点、规模和发展规划,做到远近期结合,以近期为主。供配电系统设计应采用符合国家现行有关标准的效率高、能耗低、性能先进的电气产品。供配电系统设计应根据工程特点、规模和发展规划,做到远近期结合,以近期为主。供配电系统设计应采用符合国家现行有关标准的效率高、能耗低、性能先进的电气产品。 (二)低压配电系统线路的选择 1. 低压线路接线方式 低压配电线路采用放射式、树干式、环式及链式四种接线法。 1 放射式系统:特点配电线故障互不影响, 供电可靠性较高 , 适用于一级负荷配电。配电设备集中 , 检修比较方便;缺点是系统灵活性较差, 导线消耗量较多。此配电方式经常用在设备容量大、负荷集中或重要的用电设备以及有腐蚀性介质 和爆炸危险等场所不宜配电及保护起动设备放在现场者。以免影响其他用户正常用电。接线图见下图4-1

关于力的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.

住宅小区供配电系统设计

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设计,“其实质是使以信息,形成以思想,言论和感觉的经验”。 在唐朝( 618-906 )之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。 在19世纪后期欧洲,尤其是在英国,平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家,但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。 于1849年,在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界,该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。 从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动,并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利,并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是,然而,重要的,因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作,以及与其他私营新闻运动,直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。 谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt,但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。 伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。 在20世纪20年代,苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的,从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。 Jan Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则,他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张,但它仍然是非常有影响力。 Tschichold ,包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉,和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。 他们首创的生产技术和文体设备,主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后,美国经济的建立更需要平面设计,主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”建筑和设计。值得注意的名称世纪中叶现代设计包括阿德里安Frutiger ,设计师和Frutiger字体大学;保兰德,从20世纪30年代后期,直到他去世于1996年,采取的原则和适用包豪斯他们受欢迎的广告和标志设计,帮助创造一个独特的办法,美国的欧洲简约而成为一个主要的先驱。平面设计称为企业形象;约瑟夫米勒,罗克曼,设计的海报严重尚未获取1950年代和1960年代时代典型。 从道路标志到技术图表,从备忘录到参考手册,增强了平面设计的知识转让。可读性增强了文字的视觉效果。 设计还可以通过理念或有效的视觉传播帮助销售产品。将它应用到产品和公司识别系统的要素像标志、颜色和文字。连同这些被定义为品牌。品牌已日益成为重要的提供的服务范围,许多平面设计师,企业形象和条件往往是同时交替使用。

电气供配电系统大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计(论文) 外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目:供配电系统 文献、资料英文题目:POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 文献、资料来源: 文献、资料发表(出版)日期: 院(部): 专业: 班级: 姓名: 学号: 指导教师: 翻译日期: 2017.02.14

POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off. KEYWARDS:power supply and distribution,power distribution reliability,reactive compensation,load distribution

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院:专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0210002442.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专,肖鹏,熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室,中南大学,湖南长沙410083,中国(收稿日期:2009年8月12日修订:2009年8月28日;接受日期:2009年9月2日) 摘要:采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

弱电系统英文对照

弱电系统英文对照 社区安防系统Security prevention system 可视对讲系统A visible walky-talky system 防盗报警Security alarm 闭路监视CCTV 巡更Night patrol 周界防范Perimeter Precaution 门禁控制Access control 公共设施监控系统Public facility monitor system 变配电Electric transformer and distribution 给排水Water supply and drainage 电梯Elevato 公共照明Public lighting 背景音乐及紧急广播Background music and emergency broadcast 宽带多媒体服务系统Broadband multimedia service system 卫星接收及有线电视Satellite reception and cable-TV broadband 宽带接入Broadband access 社区网络服务Community network service 智能家居系统Intelligent home system 多表远抄Remote CC for meters 家电智能控制Intelligent home appliances control system 家居远程控制Home remote control 家居防盗报警Home anti-theft alarm

BAS(楼宇自动化系统) 楼宇设备监控系统Building automation control system 安全防范子系统Security system 火灾自动报警子系统Fire alarm system CAS(通信网络系统) 卫星接收及有线电视系统Satellite reception and cable television system 公用通讯网络系统Communication system of nets for public use 卫星及微波通讯系统Satellite and microwave communication system 视频会议系统Video conference system 无线对讲系统Wireless walky-talky system 背景音乐及紧急广播系统Background music and emergency broadcasting OAS(办公自动化系统) 事务型办公系统Business office system 管理型办公系统Administrative office system 决策型办公系统Decision making office system 安全防范子系统Security System 防盗报警系统Intrusion Alarm System 闭路监视系统CCTV System 门禁系统Access Control System 巡更系统Patrol System 停车场管理系统Parking Administrative System 环境系统Environment System 冷水系统Cold water system 热交换系统Heat exchange system

中英文翻译与文献

Monolithic integrated circuit history The monolithic integrated circuit was born in the late-1970s, has experienced SCM, MCU, the SOC three big stages. SCM namely monolithic microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) the stage, mainly seeks the best monolithic shape embedded system's best architecture. “the innovation pattern” obtains successfully, has established SCM and the general-purpose calculator completely different development path. In founds on the embedded system independent development path, Intel Corporation has lasting achievements. MCU namely micro controller (Micro Controller Unit) the stage, the main technological development direction is: Expands unceasingly when satisfies the embedded application, the object system request's each kind of peripheral circuit and the interface circuit, underline its object intellectualization control. It involves the domain is related with the object system, therefore, develops the MCU heavy responsibility to fall inevitably on electrical, the electronic technology factory. Looking from this angle, Intel fades out the MCU development also to have its objective factor gradually. Is developing the MCU aspect, the most famous factory family belongings count Philips Corporation. Philips Corporation by it in embedded application aspect huge superiority, MCS-51 from monolithic microcomputer rapidly expand to micro controller. Therefore, when we review the embedded system development path, do not forget Intel and the Philips historical merit. Monolithic integrated circuit is the embedded system's road of independent development, to the MCU stage development's important attribute, seeks application system's on chip maximized solution;

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