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英语替代词的使用技巧

英语替代词的使用技巧
英语替代词的使用技巧

英语替代词的使用技巧

为使表达简洁明了,我们常用it, one, ones, that, those等替代词来替代前面已经出现的名词。从近几年的高考英语情况来看,考查替代词的用法和区别一直是高考英语的一个热点。本文拟就以上几个最重要的替代词的用法作一小结,同时为同学们归纳一些使用技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。

一、替代表泛指的单数名词

替代表泛指的单数名词,通常用one。如:

Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。

I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一架新的。

Did you get a ticket?—Yes, I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的,我设法搞到了一张。

注:若one前没有形容词的修饰,则其前不能有不定冠词。比较:

I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,想找一套小的带花园的。

I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓,想找一套带花园的。(不能说:... a one with a garden.)

没有形容词修饰one前不能用不定冠词,但可用another。如:

This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了,我要另买一支了。

另外,注意它与表特指的it的区别。如:

Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对

不起,我没有钢笔。

Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry, I’m using it. 我能借你的钢笔吗?——对不起,我自己正在用。

二、替代表特指的单数名词

替代表特指的单数名词,可用it, that, the one。三者的区别是:

1.替代单数可数名词时,三者均可用;替代不可数名词时,不能用the one,而要用it 或that。此时it与that的区别是:表示同一事物时,用it;表示同类事物时,用that或the one。如:

The weather here is too cold. I don’t like i t. 这儿的天气太冷了,我不喜欢这儿的天气。(it在此就指前面提到的the weather)

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。(that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类)

My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典,我非常喜欢它。(it在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典)

Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。(the one在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类)

2.替代事物时,三者均可用;替代人时,只能用the one。如:

Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫?——窗户边的那一位。

注:当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用it。

3.当有前置定语修饰时,只能用the one。如:

Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。

She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的,不要大的。

4.当有后置定语修饰时,通常用the one。如:

My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。

He said he would have the one near him. 他说他要靠近他的那一个。

Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?

Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的一枚。

但是,若后置定语为of引起的介词短语,则通常用that。如:

The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

三、替代表泛指的复数名词

替代表泛指的复数名词,通常用ones。如:

Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。

Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。

We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。

These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones.这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。

四、替代表特指的复数名词

替代表特指的复数名词,通常用the ones。如:

I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。

Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?

Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。

注:在口语中,也可用those来替代表特指的复数名词,尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句时。如:

Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。

Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。

His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。

Students who do well in examinations are those [the ones] who ask questions in clas s. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。

五、几点重要的补充说明

1.当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, whi ch, either, neither, another等限定词之后时,通常可以省略。如:

I think my dog’s the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。

Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。

Let’s have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。

She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个,然后才挑选。

Which (one) would you like?—That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。

2.复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some, any, b oth, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如:

Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说:…some ones?)

Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说:... any ones? )

Do question 1 or question 2, but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道,但不要两道都做。(不能说:... both ones.) (from https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0215843570.html,)

He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典,但我只有两本。(不能说:... two ones.)

注:如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰,则可以使用上述词语。如:

误:her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones

正:her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice o nes

在美国英语中,ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。

3.当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时,通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如:

Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说:... or t ea ones? )

但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰,可用one(s)替代。如:

We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。

替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法

1. it和that的用法

两者都可替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,均表特指,但it指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如:

①The Parkers bought a new house but ________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they

B. it

C. one

D. which

解析:答案选B。it替代“the + house”,指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所买的那座新房子。

②Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some

B. any

C. that

D. those

解析:答案选C。that替代the pleasure,指与前面提到的同属“快乐的事”。

2. 替代词one的用法

one用以替代“a+单数可数名词”,表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that;the one 复数形式the ones,在口语中也常用those代替;当后面有of短语时,一般用that或those,当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s),如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物,其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如:

①We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.

A. it

B. one

C. himself

D. another

解析:答案选B,one替代a cupboard。

②Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ________who had already ta ken them.

A. the ones

B. ones

C. some

D. the others

解析:答案选A,后面的定语从句是特指,the ones替代the pupils。此处也可用thos e。

替代词that与those的用法区别that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,表特指。如:

A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent.祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。

those用作替代词主要作于替代复数名词,表特指。如:

It’s up to us to help those in need. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。

注:替代词that与代词it的用法不同,it主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。同样地,替代词those与代词they用法也不同,they主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。

替代词ones与the ones的用法区别ones主要用于替代复数名词,表泛指;若需特指,则用the ones。如:

If you have n’t got a big plate, two small ones will do. 如果没有大盘子,两个小盘也行。

We still have shortcomings, and very big ones too. 我们还有缺点,而且是很大的缺点。

Do you know the ones who moved here recently? 你认识最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?

The top front teeth are the ones which are most at risk from tooth decay. 上门齿是最容易受到腐蚀的牙齿。

替代词one与the one的用法区别one 用作替代词主要用于替代“a+单数可数名词”,表泛指;若需特指,则用the on e。如:

A fast train is one that goes fast. 快车是一种行驶快的火车。

The accident was similar to one that happened in 2008. 这个事故与发生在2008年的事故类似。

Open the drawer on the left, the one with a key in it. 打开左边的抽屉,上面有钥匙的那个。

Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的一枚。

I want very much to see these films, especially the one you mentioned. 我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。

注:the one与that均可表特指,但前者只用于替代单数可数名词,而后者则可用于替代可数或不可数名词。

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