中考英语完形填空解读_3

英语完形填空测试理论与2008年中考英语完形填空解读

萍乡六中刘冬萍

※英语完形填空测试理论

一、为什么Cloze可以有效地用于语言测试？

请观察以下的图案：

Cloze一词来源于closure,意思是使未能闭合的东西闭合起来。这种题型为泰勒（Taylor 1953）所发明，其根据是格式塔心理（Gestalt psychology），即补全心理。就是说，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，看见不完整的事物，便会在思想里把它补全起来。应用于语言现象，人们对不完整的语言也有这种补全心理。例如：当一个熟悉英语的人读到Chicken crackles and _______ quack 时，不用多加思索就可以在划线部分填入ducks。因此我们可以这样说：Cloze是一种测试读者预测和理解不完整的语言信息的能力的方法。

二、为什么Cloze可以被运用于阅读测试？

（一）语言的理解依赖于完整的语言上下文（Total language context）

大量研究证明，人们对语言符号的认识、学习、记忆或创造的能力，在很大程度上取决于人们对语言符号与已获得的信息之间的关联程度。以句子”They are flying kites.”为例，如果没有上下文的限制，我们既可以理解为“他们在放风筝”，也可以理解为“他们是飞舞的风筝”。但是，如果放在一定的上下文中，该句的句意就非常明确。比如，在句子”The boys are enjoying themselves outside. They are flying kites.”中，they 与the boys相照应，flying 是谓语动词，句子的意思就只能是“他们在放风筝”。而“They are not birds. They are flying kites.”中的flying应是定语，句子的意思是“他们是飞舞的风筝”。显而易见，完整的语言上下文对读者准确理解作者所要表达的信息是至关重要的。

（二）语言中存在重复信息（Redundancy）

语言中的重复信息使语言接收者有可能凭借上下文预测信息中的遗漏部分。据研究表明，在人际交往过程中，实际上只要50﹪的信息。例如，Man Coming可理解为“A man is coming in this way”。将后者与前者进行比较，就可发现后者中多处出现重复信息，a、man和is表明主语的单数性质，is coming和now表明了现在时态，coming和this way表明了行为的方向。这些意义上的重复和词与词之间的内在关联可以使语言的接收者在is、this way或now被删除的情况下复原句子。一般而言，冗长的文章含有较多的重复信息。重复的信息越多，对其理解的可能性就越大。

（三）阅读理解需要可见信息（Visual information）和非可见信息（Non-visual information）

可见信息来自于眼球前部，即以印刷符号为形式出现在纸上的信息。非可见信息来自于眼球的后部，即来自于人们的大脑。阅读是一种视觉活动，但阅读仅凭视觉器官所获得的可见信息是远远不够的，我们还必须了解阅读材料所涉及的专门知识。这与Cloze有何联系呢？请看以下示意图：

在左面的可见信息中，反映出来的是一个未合拢的三角形以及一个缺少主语的不完整的句子，当这些不完整的信息从眼球前部输出大脑，经过思维加工后，输出的却是一个完整的三角形的句子。这是因为，虽然来自眼球前部的是被截断或是被歪曲了的信息，但是由于在眼球后部早已储存了它们的原形，因此部分信息的截去并不影响人们对它们的整体认识。在阅读过程中，可见信息与非可见信息的关系是：人们眼球后部所储存的非可见信息越多，对于可见信息的需要量就越少；反之，读者所具有的非可见信息越少，他对可见信息的依赖就越多。心理语言学揭示了这要一个事实：人们的视觉系统在一定时间内所能够所能够处理的来自眼球前部的信息量是极其有限的。因此，一个主要依赖于可见信息的读者可能因其视觉系统负担过重而感疲劳，继而给阅读理解带来困难。

从某种意义上来说，Cloze是一种用于测定受试者对非可见信息（某种语言或某一领域的专门知识）的熟悉程度的试题。

三、完形填空试题的考点效度

完形填空试题分为四个考点层次：单词（word=W）层次、词组（phrase=P）层次、句子（sentence= S）层次和语篇（discourse=D）层次。

W：单词层次。这是最低的层次。譬如一个空缺，给四个选项：A. flyed B. flied C. flew D. flewn (飞，过去式)。光看单词，无须看单词之外的上下文，就能决定填flew。这就是单词层次的考点。开放式完形填空试题没有这种层次的考点，只有选择式完形填空才会有这种最低层次考点的题目。单纯考拼写、单纯考词法变位或单纯到构词法的题目，属这个层次。

P：词组层次。需要填的词，和它前或后的词有固定的搭配关系，只要看空缺前或后的词便能决定该填什么。例如：_______Pacific,看到Pacific，不用多看上下文，就知道空缺应填the。又如husband and _______,我们也能迅速填出wife一词。完形填空试题里，词组层次考点的题目是较常见的，尤其是MC完形填空试题。

S：句子层次。空缺需要填什么词，本句之内就可以决定，不用超出句子的范围。譬如：What _____he do last Sunday? / Can you tell me _____ Tom comes from?

D：语篇层次。空缺需要填什么，光看本句不成，要超出句子在语篇层次上考虑才能决定。譬如：Man is the cleverest animal on earth. He can travel in outer space and land himself on the moon. But in his war against his enemy the rat in his home, he seems always to be the _____. A. winner B. loser C. hero D. coward(懦夫)。这里的空缺该填什么，仅仅看本句难以决定。要超出句子从语篇语境的层次去考虑，才可以决定空缺应填B。

很明显，考点层次的高低，对题目的效度很有关系。D层次考点的题目，显然比W层次考点的题目更能测试出受试者运用语言的真正能力。层次越高，意味着考点的效度越高。而且，高层次的考点，在考高层次的能力的同时，必然也考到低层次的能力。一个语篇层次的考点，在考语篇层次的能力的同时，自然也考到了句子层次、词组层次和单词层次。但单词层次的考点，只能考到单词层次的能力或知识，不能考到它以上的任何层次的能力。也就是说：高层次能包含低层次，低层次却不能反过来包含高层次。这种对低层次的包容能力，更进一步显示了高层次考点的效度。

考点层次还和考点因素的侧重有关系。考点因素一般分为三个范畴：语法因素、惯用搭配因素和意义因素。完形填空试题的最高层次――语篇层次的题目，其考点的焦点必然是意义因素；最低层次――单词层次的题目，其考点的焦点则必然是语法因素。至于句子层次和词组层次的题目，它们的考点的焦点可能是意义因素，惯用搭配因素，也可能是语法因素。总的来说，低层次的题目，往往侧重考语法。高层次的题目，则往往侧重考意义。焦点为考意义的题目，同时能考语法；焦点为考语法的题目，则不能同时考意义。

※中考英语完形填空解读

一、中考英语完形填空的命题特点

中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。

完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时也兼顾对形容词、副词以及其它词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。

（一）命题趋势

1．文章篇幅短，挖空密度大

一般来说，文章越短，挖空密度越大，失去的语言信息越多，理解文章的难度就越大，从而加大了解答试题的难度。请看2003－2007年江西省英语中考完形填空试题（以四选一答案的为主）：

从上表中不难看出，短文的长度在逐年的减短，意味着难度系数有所增大。当然，试题的难易程度还取决于文章本身的句子结构和遣词造句。从近几年江西省中考英语完形填空试题的选文来看，都不会超越现行初中英语教材的难度。

2．情景推理多，语法选项少

完形填空试题要求考生根据文章的整体内容、层次结构和内容逻辑关系去选择符合文章情节的答案，这就决定了试题考查必须以情景意义选择为主。这种试题的特点是：孤立地看对应挖空的句子，四个备选答案都能满足句子的要求，无论将哪个答案填进去，从词法上说都是正确的。要确定试题的正确答案，只能根据全文的内容和情节的发展，使所选答案满足为文章中心内容服务的需要。当然，有个别备选答案要依据语法知识去判断选择。

近年中考英语完形填空试题中，完全根据语法知识进行选择的很少。有的小题，既考查语法知识，也考查意义选择，我

们称其为“语法加意义”选择；无需语法知识，只根据文章内容确定答案，称为“情景意义”选择。目前，后者几乎已经覆盖了完形填空的全部试题。

3．文体多样化，内容逻辑强

这些文章结构严谨，层次分明，充分考查考生判断事物和逻辑推理的能力。

4．单词填空多，短语填空少

这种试题设计，可以使考查形式更加灵活，考查知识点更加细致，并能扩大考查容量。近几年我省完形填空试题中词组或短语的整体填空数分别为：2003年3个，2004年2个，2005年3个，2006年和2007年没出现词组或短语。这就表明，近年完形填空试题的绝大部分是单词填空，词组或短语的整体填空数量极少。

6．选项实词多，虚词设置少

四个备选答案设置一般多为同一词类、同一词形，且多为实词，旨在提高试题的难度，引导学生从整体上理解文章内容，全面接受信息，选出符合内容要求的答案，避免引导学生过多地在词法上（语言结构上）下功夫，进行语法选择。因为虚词往往影响语言结构，会更多地反映语法问题。

下表统计了近五年江西省中考完形填空中各种词类的数量。

在完形填空中，为使学生更易于理解文章内容，首句不设空。首句往往是主题句，也有主题句放在文中和文后的。把握主题句，就容易把握文章的中心。

（二）实例分析

1. 考查英语固定搭配、习惯用语的运用。此时，考生不需对句意有太多的理解，一眼就能锁定答案。如：

She 38__ the radio and sang songs while she was driving. (2003江西省中考卷)

38．A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down

根据这句的句意：她一边开车一边打开收音机（跟着）唱歌，很容易就能选出turn on(打开)，故答案为C。又如：He 43 (killed three people) at Atlanta courthouse on March 11. The police were 44 him. (2005江西省中考卷)

44. A. waiting for B. thinking of C. looking at D. searching for

结合前后两句意义，他既然杀了三个人，那说明警察一定是在搜捕他，所以用searching for就符合题意，故选D。

2. 考查对文段语境的理解能力。考生必须通过语境作出判断，一般要看懂一两句话作情景铺垫。例如：

His coughing stopped my thinking. What was left to say? How could I say 53 to the person who taught me everything? (2004江西省中考卷)

53. A. goodbye B. hello C. yes D. sorry

如果仅从短语搭配上看，这四个选项都可以与say … to sb. 构成短语，这就要求考生结合这篇文章的意思和上下文逻辑关系来判断选A项。整篇文章都在叙述他对哥哥的依赖之情，他舍不得哥哥离开他，所以他怎么能跟哥哥说出“再见”这个词。又如：

The next morning I 54 (woke up), looked at my alarm clock, and realized he had left 55

ago. We never even said goodbye. (2004江西省中考卷)

55. A. minutes B. hours C. days D. weeks

文章开头哥哥就说了他明天离开，到第二天早上我醒来，意识到哥哥走了，这期间只能用小时计算，所以B项最符合语境需要。

3．考查对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断的能力。要求考生能理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。例如：

It was almost 9:00p.m. when Mia Janson left her office to go home. It was 36 . She started her car and she 37（drove）down the dark road that led to her house in the country.She 38 (turned on)__ the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater wasn’t working, …(2003江西省中考卷)

36. A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late

单从前一句不易判断正确选项，但是通过分析后一句，暖气机不能工作了，推理出那天的天气是下雪的，故选C项。又如：

The latest attraction is a big 51 tunnel(隧道) you can through. All around you ,you will see fish swimming –sometimes even over your head.(2007江西省中考卷)

A. metal

B. wood

C. glass

D. stone

根据文章信息可知，最新的景点是一个大的玻璃隧道，因为后面一句说在你的周围，你能看见鱼儿在游泳，而其它三个选项我们无法看到周围的东西的，故选C项。

二、完形填空的解题策略

1. 细读开篇首句，推测全文内容

中考完形填空所选短文一般没有标题，但其首句一般不挖空，这就为考生探索短文全貌打开了窗口。根据首句可以推断文章体裁。预测全文大意及主要思想。中考完形填空大多取自记叙文，人物、时间、地点以及其他重要信息都可以从首句得到，而且也可以推断作者大致要写一个什么样的故事。其他体裁的文章也可以根据首句对全文有一个大概的了解。

2. 通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意

在选择答案之前，依据首句的启示作用，跳过空格，不看选项，迅速通读全文，以便从整体上感知全文，掌握文章的主旨大意。在阅读过程中，要充分注意推理判断的信息词和承上启下的关键词，抓住文章的脉络主线，以便了解文章的内容、背景、结构、情节、前因后果以及论点论据等内容，理清作者的写作意图。抓住文章主旨大意去“完形”，可避免思维中断，有利于提高“完形”的准确性。

3. 围绕大意，对照选项，逐句阅读，初选答案

掌握文章的主旨大意后，参照选项开始逐句细读，依靠平时掌握的词汇及语法，借助于上下文语境，进行判断推理，初选出语境和搭配均佳的答案。此外，还有一些题涉及到文化、常识方面的东西，考查学生的阅读面。

4. 先易后难，瞻前顾后

同一篇完形填空中，各题难度差异很大。有的题目初读就能选定答案，有的题目则需反复推敲。做题目时，先把较简单的自己有把握的题目选上，一时没有把握的题目先放一放，接着往下读，然后再回过头来选择。往往有这样的情况：前面的空白，会在下文中找到答案。选定好了一部分答案后，整篇文章的思路逐渐明晰，对文章的理解也会逐渐深入，再加上合理的判断推理，综合分析，个别难题也就不难解决了。所以在选择答案时，一定要前后照应，注意上下文的联系。要善于运用已有的知识，生活经验和常识、逻辑推理等手段，借助于上下文出现的事实和观点来确定和证实，使自己的选择有理有据。

5. 复核全文，看文章是否上下连贯，合乎逻辑，同时消除疏漏

填空完成后，要复核全文，再通读一遍，看是否上下连贯，合乎逻辑。如觉得某处含混或矛盾，就应重新思考和修补。再者完形填空虽不是考查语法，但一篇文章能离开语法吗？因此，也需要从语法角度检查。尽量减少疏漏。

三、完形填空题的备考方案

复习备考需从这几方面着手：

1. 扩大词汇数量，巩固语法知识

词汇是语言的基本要素之一，词汇量的大小直接影响到阅读和理解的能力及信息传递。学生要记住积极词汇问题不大，但是要在考试中认出识忆词汇却不容易。这主要是因为识忆词汇在教材中出现的频率不高，学生们往往只记住了识忆词汇的含义，却缺乏举一反三的运用能力，时间一长会产生遗忘，从而使得这些单词成为考试中的拦路虎。针对这一问题，教师可以让学生进行大量阅读，因为大量阅读，可以弥补识忆词汇在教材中出现频率较少的缺憾，而且还能够通过大量阅读不同的语篇，领会同一词汇方方面面的不同含义，以及派生出来的各种词性，为将来灵活运用这些词汇打下坚实的基础。

帮助学生记忆单词还可以从构词法入手，通过了解英语单词的内在规律，而有机掌握单词。英语主要的构词法是派生法（即把词缀（前后缀）附加在词根上构成新的词汇）。因此，学生一旦了解常用词根和前后缀的含义，对于记忆单词和掌握词汇是大有好处的。此外，学生还需要掌握由基本单词派生而来的新的词汇，以扩大词汇量。在日常教学中，教师还可以教会学生采用合并、归类的方法，注意积累同义词、反义词等，提及语法知识，许多学生自以为学得扎实的就是语法知识。但是传统的英语语法，无论是在教学过程中，还是在学习的过程中，往往只局限于句子的框架，而没有注意到语篇结构问题，这也就难怪学生在遇到段落较长、结构较为复杂的“完形填空”时，手足无措。因此，教师应教会学生改变自己的学习习惯，树立语篇的概念，从句子入手，注意学习连句成段、连段成章的方法，提高自己在语篇结构上的语法运用能力。

2. 扩大背景知识，提高阅读技巧

扩大背景知识的最好的方法是扩大阅读量，大量接触各种英语材料，培养良好的语感。要大量阅读英语材料就必须提高阅读能力，学会根据不同的阅读目的采取不同的阅读方法。一般而言，阅读方法可以大致分为快读、查读和精读三种方法。快读主要用于获得一般性的信息。如文章的大意、主题和总体结构，而无需强调细节。快读时应特别注意浏览含载全段精髓的各段

第一句，以获得充分的信息；浏览时要以意群为单位，眼睛迅速扫描全文。查读用来获得特殊信息或具体细节。为了确保阅读的速度和效率，查读时眼睛应作纵向移动，迅速查找与查读内容有关的词句。采用这种方法时，要仔细领会文章作者对词汇和句型的甑别和选择，分析理解文章的结构篇章，欣赏文章的体裁和作者风格。通过精度的方法，学生既可以扩大词汇量，提高自己的语言组合能力，还可以增加自己的逻辑思维能力和分析推理能力。

四、做完形填空的注意事项

1. 认真阅读首尾句，利于全文助理解

完形填空短文通常没有标题且文章的首尾句一般不设空。但我们却要特别注重对首尾句的理解因为他们往往会提示或点明文章的主题对理解全文有较大帮助。阅读中要能够准确地找出文章的主旨大意，通常主题句能够表达主旨大意。主题句是高度概括文章的主旨大意的句子，它的位置可以在文章的开头、段落中间、结尾有时甚至需要归纳出来。况且，完形填空的短文通常第一句是不设空的，可以提供完整的信息，必须认真阅读，但是这一现象也在变化。2006年的中考，就有所不同。背景的考题，增加了文章的标题，使考生对文章的主题一目了然，有利于解题。

2. 一旦开始做题，切勿因某道难题停留太久

做题以了解文章的大意为前提，一旦开始做题目，就应该根据你所抓住的线索，快速作出反应，趁思路清晰、语感流畅，把握好整篇文章的大局。第一遍通读带有空缺的短文时，可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的，此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁情绪。再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止，如遇到个别难题，可以暂时跳过去，或初拟一个答案，说不定后面会有对这道题目的提示。如果停止不前，不但会打断思路，造成时间上的紧张，而且往往无济于事。要知道，随着文章的空越来越少，整篇文章的思路会越来越清楚，意思越明白做题就越顺手。如果出现实在不会的空，可以根据自己的知识，猜出答案，千万不可空在那里。

3. 切忌缺乏全局观念

做题时，切勿一看到一个空格就急着去选答案，这样往往会只见树木不见森林。从表面上看，好像节约了时间，实际上由于缺乏对全文整体的了解，极易造成错选。因为完形填空不同于单项填空，它有整个文章的背景，因此必须通篇考虑。

4. 解法多种多样，取法是关键，恢复原貌为上

完形填空重在完形。首先，在阅读中要尽量记忆最能表现文章的关键句段、重点短语、时间、人物、地点等，力求把文章的内容串联起来，构成整体概念，明确文章内容的逻辑关系及来龙去脉；其次，应该认真分析句子的意思是否完美，凡是不连贯、内容不明确的句段要重点思考，重新确认空格应该填什么内容，转换思考角度，更好地理解句段是如何为中心思想服务的，心中初步确认欲选择词语的内容；最后，成功的关键在于反复阅读短文，考虑哪一个词语最合适，从而更好地为文章的主题服务。此时的方法应该是：初选→观察→分析→排除→通读→验证→确定，那种只见树木不见森林、见空就填、鼓励答题的做法是不可取的。

※英语完形填空复习课课例

一、复习内容：

中考英语总复习中的完形填空题（四选一的答案）复习。

二、复习目标：

（一）知识目标：

1、了解句子、段落、篇章中的提示性词语（cue words）。

2、掌握完形填空中利用提示性词语的解题技巧并利用其解题。

（二）能力目标：

让学生掌握一定的完形填空的解题方法和解题技巧，提高学生分析问题、解决问题和综合运用英语语言的能力。

（三）情感目标：

1、培养学生自主学习能力，努力培养学生探索规律的精神和不畏艰难的精神。

2、运用解题技巧获取信息，增强自信心，获得成功感。

三、复习重点难点：

教学重点：学会寻找句中的提示性词语。

教学难点：掌握利用提示性词语进行解题的技巧。

四、复习步骤：

Step 1. Warming-up (Guessing the missing words)

教学目的：通过让学生分组进行猜词比赛导入本课，以此来激发学生学习本课的热情和兴趣，锻炼学生的发散和归纳思维的能力，并为下一步学习句中的提示性词语做铺垫。

教学过程：

1、把全班分成男、女两个大组，教师在屏幕上展示句子。

1) ___________ are helpful to students.(Teachers, Books, Exercises, Doctors, Police, Parents…)

2) ___________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. (Teachers, Books)

3) ___________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. (Teachers)

4) ___________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. (Doctors, Nurses)

2、分组进行猜词比赛，并让学生解释原因。

3、教师总结：A cue word is very useful in a cloze, according to the cue words, you'll find it's much easier to do a cloze.

Step 2. What is a cue word

教学目的：教师给出若干句子，让学生根据教师的解释找出句中的提示词并加以练习，让学生更进一步地了解提示词及其在完形填空中的作用。

教学过程：

1、教师先展示两个句子，告诉学生什么是提示词。

1) He is just new here, so he has few friends here.

cue word

cue word

2、在屏幕上展示5个句子，让学生找提示词，继续进行小组比赛。

1) Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the hospital.

2) A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the night.

3) He is rather busy, so he has no time to have lunch at home.

4) Gina is very hungry because she hasn't had meals for 2 days.

5) We have an oral English test this term, it's very easy, most students can pass this test.

3、在此基础上把这5个句子分别挖空一个词，让学生根据提示词填空，挑战他们的记忆力，比赛继续进行。

1) Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the_______.

2) A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_____.

3) He is rather busy, so he has ___time to have lunch at home.

4) Gina is very______ because she hasn't had meals for 2 days.

5) We have an oral English test this term, it's very easy, most students can _____this test.

Step 3. Analyze cue words in SENTENCES and have a try

教学目的：在学生了解了提示词的基础上，进一步让学生掌握在句子中根据提示词来填空。

教学过程：

1、教师展示一例题，告诉学生在句子中我们可以根据提示词来完成句子。

cue words

2、教师在屏幕上展示几个句子，让学生根据提示词填空，继续分组抢答。

1) He has a bad cold, the doctor asks him to _____more hot water.

2) Mr White is a teacher, he______ math at school.

3) They're very tired ___happy at last.

4) I bought a watch yesterday,___ was very useful.

5) It must be very__________ to go into the cage, because there're many tigers in it.

Step 4. Analyze cue words in two short PASSAGES and filling the blanks

教师挑选两小段不同内容的完形填空文章，分析文中的提示词，根据提示词完成填空，培养学生分析问题的能力和逻辑推理能力。

Passage 1:

Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those who are very______ . Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel___________and those who have cars want to ______on country roads in their free time.

Passage 2:

Traffic accidents killed more than 104,000 people in China last year. Chinese cities have ______cars than before. Every day many people are ______while they cross the road. Most of ______are old people and children. Old people are often killed__________ they usually can’t see clearly or hear very well. ________are killed because they are careless.

Step 5. Analyze cue words in ARTICLES and filling the blanks

目的：通过分析文章，培养学生学会在文章中寻找提示词，完成填空，小组抢答，算出总分进行表彰。

John is a famous writer now . But he said he was not a g student when he was young . He was often late for c and didn’t like doing his homework . Sometimes , he slept in class while the teacher was teaching .

He didn’t und erstand much , b he always thought he understood everything .

One day the teacher a the students a question , “When Jack was ten years old,brother Bob was twenty . Jack is fifteen now and h is his brother Bob ? ”John said ,“That’s easy . Bob is twice as old as Jack , so he is now thirty . ”

Another time, the t in a science class asked , “When it thunders （打雷），do we always see the light before we h the sound ? ”

“But , Miss , ”said John quickly ,“don’t you k our eyes are in front of our ears ? ”

Step 6. Challenge yourself

目的：教师选用两篇完形填空（其中每篇的第一段都已经在step4中进行了分析），让学生运用所学的完形填空技巧进行练习，巩固本课所学知识，训练学生的思维能力。此项练习由学生个人独立完成，以便教师能够得到及时的反馈,同时培养学生自主学习的能力。

Cloze 1:

Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those who are very 1 .

Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel 2 and those who have cars

want to 3 on country roads in their free time.

In fact, happiness is always 4 you. When you are 5 , your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your 6 are always taking good care of your life and your 7 ; …All these are your happiness.

When you are 8 , you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that 9 can’t buy. When you meet with 10 , say loudly that you are happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself.

Take every chance you get, and you can be a happy and lucky person.

（）1.A. poor B. rich C. nice D. bad

（）2.A. serious B. unknown C. strange D. lonely

（）3.A. walk B. work C. knock D. talk

（）4.A. for B. to C. around D. about

（）5.A. in public B. in trouble C. at home D. at break

（）6.A. experts B. journalists C. parents D. inspectors

（）7.A. healthy B. health C. beauty D. beautiful

（）8.A. poor B. tall C. short D. angry

（）9.A. performance B. confidence C. word D. money

（) 10.A. thieves B. animals C. problems D. signs

Cloze 2:

Traffic accidents killed more than 104,000 people in China last year. Chinese cities have 1 cars than before. Every day many people are 2 while they cross the road. Most of 3 are old people and children. Old people are often killed 4 they usually can’t see clearly or hear very well. 5 are killed because they are careless.

A car, truck or bus can’t stop very 6 if it is going very fast. The faster a car is traveling, 7 it takes to stop. But people walking in the street do not always understand this. It’s 8 for people to know how fast a car is traveling.

The new traffic laws were put into use 9 May 1st, 2004. The new traffic laws will 10 the streets safer for walking and driving.

( )1. A. bigger B. more C. fewer D. smaller

( )2. A. killed B. caught C. shot D. attacked

( )3. A. it B. you C. them D. us

( )4. A. when B. because C. if D. though

( )5. A. Drivers B. Women C. Old people D. Children

( )6. A. quickly B. hardly C. clearly D. slowly

( )7. A. the faster B. the safer C. the farther D. the longer

( )8. A. difficult B. easy C. dangerous D. true

( )9. A. in B. at C. on D. for

( )10.A. take B. make C. stop D. find

Step 7. Summary

1.A cue word is very useful in a cloze, according to the cue words, you'll find it's much easier to do a cloze.

2. In a sentence, if one word is missing,you can complete the sentence according to the cue words.

In a passage, if some words are missing,you can complete the passage according to the cue words.

In an article, there are lots of cue words, read it carefully and find the cue words ,they will help you to get the main idea of the article.

3.In a cloze, make good use of cue words is quite important.

Step 8. Homework

让学生做07年江西省中考英语完形填空题巩固所学知识，体验中考，增强自信。

五、总结

完形填空题是学生感到最难的题目之一，因为它既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查学生的语篇分析能力。从上面的步骤可以看出，整节课我能以学生为主体，采用比赛方式尽可能地调动学生的积极性，让课堂更加活跃，更加互动，同时也有学生

的自主学习，培养他们独立完成任务的精神。整堂课的设计过程尽量符合学生的认知特点，遵循由易到难，由句子到篇章的原则，一环紧扣一环，让学生较轻松地掌握本节课的内容。

英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典

英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典 一、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings, the gift should be passed immediately to the host. Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives 1 . To show the respect, it may be 2 to explain what the gift is. Bringing some nutrients and tonics （营养品、补品） to the elders in the family is a good idea. You can 3 prepare some small gifts for the spouse （配偶） or kids of the host. The host usually makes full 4 by carefully tidying up the house and 5 a lot of delicious dishes. 6 the meal is well prepared, the host may say to the guest politely, "My preparation is not enough, please excuse me for my poor treat." As a guest, you should make the host believe that there is plenty to eat by praising the food. While eating, the elders will use chopsticks to 7 food for guests as a tradition and ask them to eat 8 . As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily. But nowadays, the younger people do the traditional way less. After dinner, tea and fruit are usually served. When the guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to stay. They don't have to take it 9 and they can try to find a good time to leave. This doesn't mean that leaving early is always a good idea as the host may feel that the guests are not satisfied with the treat. Finding the right time to leave 10 the situation. 1. A. it B. them C. that 2. A. necessary B. careful C. comfortable 3. A. too B. also C. either 4. A. plans B. decisions C. preparations 5. A. enjoying B. cooking C. washing 6. A. But B. Although C. Because 7. A. cut up B. eat up C. pick up 8. A. more B. less C. many 9. A. completely B. seriously C. probably 10. A. works out B. sticks to C. depends on 【答案】（1）A；（2）A；（3）B；（4）C；（5）B；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）B；（10）C； 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是在中国被邀请去做客时时我们应该带些什么礼物，还有做客时我们要注意的一些行为。 （1）代词辨析。句意：记住通常中国人不会在给礼物的那个人面前打开礼物的。根据Chinese people will not open the gift，可知此处礼物是单数名词，上文出现的单数名词在下文出现时用it代替，it它；that那个；them它们，故选A。 （2）形容词辨析。句意：为了表示尊敬，说明礼物是什么是很必要的。根据常识可知，说明礼物表达的意义是很必要的，necessary必要的；careful细心的；comfortable，舒服的，故选A。

2020中考英语——完形填空专练(一)

完形填空专练（一） 先通读下面三篇短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 A My family I have five brothers and sisters, and I'm the second oldest. When we were young, it was fun living with a lot of people, but sometimes it could be a 1 . With so many people, the house was never 2 .It's hard for me to fall asleep before midnight. What's more, I often lost things, and I always had to 3 my turn to use the bathroom. My job In general, I enjoy my work. I'm a ticket seller in a theatre, so I 4 work in the evenings, and especially at weekends. I meet a lot of interesting people, and I don't have to pay for 5 . That's one of the reasons why I love my job since I enjoy watching movies. My studies I go to 6 classes in the morning. Many of the other students in my class work in the evenings, so we have a lot 7 . I study Chinese because I want to learn more about the big country. My free time I read a lot and I 8 play the guitar. At the weekend, I meet some friends and we go bike-riding together. 9 the weather's bad, we go and play music or watch a movie at a friend's house. I 10 spending time with my friends. ( )1. A. habit B. choice C. decision D. problem ( )2. A. tidy B. dark C. peaceful D. beautiful ( )3. A. ask for B. wait for C. look for D. prepare for ( )4. A. easily B. luckily C. usually D. probably ( )5. A. books B. clothes C. meals D. tickets ( )6. A. art B. music C. history D. language

中考英语完形填空专项练习经典

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历年中考英语完形填空常用词汇词组归纳总结

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cheer v.欢呼 chest n.胸腔，胸膛，箱子 claim v. 认领 close adj.亲密的 comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vt.命令，指挥，控制common a.普通的，共同的community n.社区 compare vt.比较，对照 complain v.抱怨，投诉complaint n.抱怨，控告 complete v. 完成adj.完整的connect vt.连接，联系 continue vt.继续 control vt.控制，克制n.控制counter n.柜台，计数器countless a.无数的 courage n.勇气，胆量 course n. 课程 crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞creature n.生物，创造物 crossing n. 十字路口 cube-shaped adj. 立方体形状的culture n. 文化 第三组 dairy n.牛奶场，乳制品dangerous a.危险的 dare vt.aux.v.敢，竟敢 deaf a.聋的 degree n.程度，度，学位 diet n.饮食，食物 direction n.方向，指导 directly ad.直接地，立即disappoint v.使……失望disastrous a.灾难性的，悲惨的discover vt.发现，暴露，显示discuss vt.讨论 disorder n.混乱，骚乱 distance n.距离，远处 distract v. 分散注意力documentary a.有文件的；有证件的double a.两倍的，双的

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