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人教版高中英语【选修六】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] Unit 5 The power of nature

人教版高中英语【选修六】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] Unit 5 The power of nature
人教版高中英语【选修六】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] Unit 5 The power of nature

人教版高中英语选修六

知识点梳理

重点题型(常考知识点)巩固练习

Unit 5 The power of nature

学习目标

重点词汇

erupt, alongside, equipment, appoint, evaluate, wave, absolute, suit,

potential, actual, anxious, impress, panic, vary, guarantee

重点短语

burn to the ground, make one’s way, protect... from

重点句型

1. was/were about to do sth. when...

2. 独立主格结构

知识讲解

重点词汇

erupt

【原句回放】Look at the diagram on the right. It shows a volcano erupting. 看右边的图表,它表示的是火山喷发时的情形。

【点拨】erupt vt.&vi. (指火山)爆发;突然发生

The volcano could erupt at a time. 这座火山随时可能爆发。

Violence erupted after the football match. 足球赛后发生了暴力行为。

He erupted into laughter without any reason. 他突然毫无缘由地大笑起来。

【拓展】eruption n. 火山爆发,(战争等)爆发

in eruption 在喷发中

The volcano burst into eruption with great rumbling.

这座火山伴随着巨大的隆隆声突然喷发了。

That resulted in the eruption of the crisis in Asia.

那引起了亚洲危机的爆发。

alongside

【原句回放】I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. 我游历的地方是不寻常的地方,和来自世界各地的人一起工作。

【点拨】alongside prep. & adv.在(......)旁边,沿着(......)的边;与......一起/同时,并排地

A police car pulled up alongside us. 一辆警车在我们旁边停了下来。

I worked alongside those scientists in that university.

我在那所大学曾与那些科学家一起工作过。

Nick caught up with me and rode alongside. 尼克追上了我,和我并排骑着。

【拓展】along prep. 沿着,顺着

adv. 一起,向前

equipment

【原句回放】Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and ..., I am never bored. (我们)有时在室外工作,有时在办公室里,有时要用科学仪器,...,但是我从来不感到厌烦。

【点拨】equipment n.设备,器材;配备,装备(不可数名词)

a piece of equipment 一件设备

a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen 一套有用的厨房设备

medical equipment 医疗器械

new equipment for the sports club 体育俱乐部的新器材

【拓展】equip vt. 装备,配备(equip p ing, equip p ed)

常用搭配:equip A with B 给A配备B

Their army is well/poorly equipped, so it’s a well-equipped/poorly-equipped army.

他们的部队配备精良/低劣,所以是一支配备精良/低劣的部队。

We equip every classroom with a computer. =

Every classroom is equipped with a computer.

我们给每一个教室都配备了电脑。

appoint

【原句回放】I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 二十年前我被任命为一名火山学家,在夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。

【点拨】appoint vt. 任命,委派;挑选人员以组成;确定,指定

常用搭配:

appoint sb. to do 任命某人做

appoint sb. as/ to be + 职位名词(不带冠词)任命某人为......

appoint sth. for ... 为.......而确定某事

We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.

我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。

He was appointed as/ (to be) manager of the company. 他被指定做公司的经理。

We are appointing a committee. 我们正在挑选人员组成委员会。

The time appointed for the meeting was 1:30. 确定的会议时间是1:30。

They appointed a place to exchange books. 他们约定一个地方交换图书。

【拓展】appointment n.任命,委任,约会

make/keep/break an appointment 与某人约会/守约/违约

evaluate

【原句回放】Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和评估这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接下来将往何处流去,流速是多少。

【点拨】evaluate vt. 评估,评价;估计

Our work is to evaluate the effect of different drugs.

我们的工作是对不同的药物的疗效进行评估。

The performance of each employee is evaluated once a year.

每位员工的工作情况每年做一次评价。

【拓展1】evaluation n. 估价;评价

It is very important to pay more attention to the evaluatio n of the milk powder’s quality.

更多地关注奶粉的质量评估很重要。

【拓展2】value n. 价值;

vt. 估价, 评价, 重视

注意:value作动词时多用来表示“估计某物的价值”,而evaluate很少用于此用法。

He valued the ring at $80. 他估计这枚戒指值80美元。

They value your advice. 他们很重视你的意见。

wave

【原句回放】The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. 而顺着山坡下流的像浪头一样的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多,这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方,一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。

【点拨】wave n. 波浪,波涛;招手

vi & vt. 波动,起伏;挥手

The storm whipped up huge waves. 暴风雨掀起了巨浪。

A wave of panic spread through the crowd. 一阵恐慌在人群中蔓延开来。

He waved (to us) when he saw us. 他看见我们时挥了挥手。

Peter waved them back to their seats. 彼得挥手让他们回座位。

She had her hair waved. 她烫发了。

He stared at the field of waving wheat, saying nothing. 他盯着起伏的麦浪,没有说话。

absolute

【原句回放】It was an absolutely fantastic sight. 真是绝妙的奇景。

【点拨】absolute adj.绝对的,完全的

注意:absolute无比较级,不能用表示程度的副词,如very等修饰,但是可以用nearly修饰。

He said with absolute certainty that he was right. 他斩钉截铁地说他是正确的。

I have absolute confidence in her. 我对她绝对有信心。

【拓展】absolutely adv.完全地;绝对地

absolutely not 绝对不

absolutely用于回答问题或用作评语,表示“正是,当然,对极了”,相当于of course。

—Don’t you agree? 你同意吧?

—Oh, absolutely! 噢,当然!

It’s absolutely impossible. 绝对不可能。

They have absolutely no idea how this happened. 他们完全不知道这是怎样发生的。

suit

【原句回放】We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and

special gloves. 我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身,戴上了头盔和特制的手套,还穿了一双大靴子。

【点拨】suit n. (同一种料子的) 一套衣服,西服

vt. 适合......,使适宜

a sports suit运动服

a space suit 宇航服

George is wearing a business suit today. 乔治今天穿了一套西服。

This restaurant may suit you. 这家饭店可能适合你。

The arrangement doesn’t suit us very well. 这样安排不怎么适合我们。

It does not suit you to have your hair cut short. 把头发剪短不适合你。

【拓展1】区分suit, fit, adapt, adjust

suit多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况等”;

fit指“大小合适”;

adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”;

adjust 指“调整、调节”使之适应。

We should adapt ourselves to the new environment. 我们应该使自己适应新环境。

This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.

这种课桌可以调整高度以适应你的要求。

The dress doesn’t fit you. 这件衣服尺寸不适合你。

【拓展2】suitable adj. 适合的,适宜的,恰当的

potential

【原句回放】Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. 虽然我已经从事火山研究很多年了,但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。

【点拨】potential adj.潜在的,可能的(无比较级)

n.潜力,潜能,可能性,潜在性

potential danger/resource/ customers 潜在的危险/ 资源/ 顾客

First we need to identify actual and potential problems.

首先我们需要找出实际的隐藏的问题。

He is a writer with great potential. 他是个有潜力的作家。

【拓展】potentially adv.潜在地

potentiality n. 潜力,潜在的可能性

actual

【原句回放】Why is the lava that flows on Mount Kilauea more dangerous than the actual eruption? 为什么从基拉韦厄火山流下的岩浆比真正的火山喷发还要危险?

【点拨】actual adj. 真实的,实际的

What were his actual words? 他到底是怎么说的?

The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.

实际成本比我们预计的高得多。

【拓展】actually adv.的确,真实的,事实上

Actually it’s we that owe you a lot.实际上,应该是我们感谢您。

I actually have to walk on the books to get in or out of the room.

我实际上不得不在书上走出走进。

anxious

【原句回放】I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first. 开始我非常紧张,不能动。

【点拨】anxious adj.忧虑的,担心的;渴望的,非常想

常用搭配:be anxious about sth. 担心某事

be anxious for sb./ sth. 为某人担心/ 渴望某事物

be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事

be anxious for somebody to do something 盼望某人做某事

be anxious that... 盼望某人做某事

He seemed anxious about his son’s health. 他似乎对他儿子的身体忧心忡忡。

Parents are naturally anxious for their children. 父母自然为他们的儿女担心。

There are plenty of graduates anxious for work. 有许多渴望得到工作的毕业生。

She was anxious to finish school and get a job. 她渴望完成学业,找个工作。

Why was she so anxious for me to stay? 为什么她如此希望我留下呢?

Both sides were anxious that the agreement should be signed as quickly as possible.

双方都盼望协议尽快签署。

【拓展】anxiously adv.焦急地,忧虑地

anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,担心

with anxiety 焦虑地

【Unit 5词语精讲impress---guarantee】

impress

【原句回放】What does the writer find impressive about volcanoes even after studying them for so many years? 甚至在研究火山多年以后,关于火山作者觉得给人印象深刻的是什么?【点拨】impress vt.& vi.给予......深刻印象;引人注目

1. His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 在我的记忆中他的话印象深刻。

(impress sth. on sb. /one’s memory使某人铭记某事物,此句是被动句)

2. What impressed me was their ability to deal with any problem.

使我印象深刻的是他们处理问题的能力。

(sth./sb. + impress sb.某事/人使某人印象深刻)

【拓展】1. impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的, 令人难忘的

The Olympic Games held in Beijing is regarded as an impressive one.

人们认为在北京举办的奥运会令人难忘。

2. impression n.印象,印记

first impression 第一印象

make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象

What I said made practically no impression on him.

我说的话实际上没有给他留下任何印象。

panic

【原句回放】I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic. 我感到非常紧张,同时我强迫自己不要惊慌。

【点拨】panic v.(使)恐慌(过去式和过去分词都为panic k ed)

1. The students panicked when told that final exams were less than a week away.

当被告知期末考试还有不到一周时,学生们都慌了。

2. Guests panicked and screamed when the bomb exploded.

炸弹爆炸时,客人们都惊慌地惊叫起来。

panic n. 恐慌,惊慌,慌乱

1. An earthquake has hit the capital, causing damage to buildings and panic among the

population. (不可数名词)

地震袭击了首都,最终引起了建筑物的毁坏以及人们的恐慌。

2. I’m in a panic about getting everything done in time.

因为必须及时做完所有的事,我很慌乱。

(可数名词,常为单数;in a panic 处于慌乱之中)

注意:panic不是形容词,一般只用作名词或动词。

vary

【原句回放】The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2,000多米不等,是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。

【点拨】vary v. 呈现不同,变化,(使)多样化

1. The weather varies from day to day. 每天的天气是不一样的。

2. Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.

每个学校的教学方式是不同的。

(vary from A to B从......到......不同/变化/不等)

3. My doctor said I should vary my diet more. 我的医生说我的饮食应该更多样化。【拓展】1. various adj. 各种各样的

There are various colors to choose from. 有各种各样的颜色从中选择。

2. variety n. 种类,花样

a variety of 多种多样的

T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors. 体恤衫有很多颜色可以选。

There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.

她每天的事一成不变,几乎没有什么可做(让生活)有点变化。

guarantee

【原句回放】If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself. 如果你有幸和你的爱人去参观天池,不要忘了向清澈湛蓝的水中投上一枚硬币,以保证你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。

【点拨】guarantee vt.保证,向某人担保某物

1. Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.

许多商店的店主都保证让顾客满意。

2. The government provides help for small businesses but it can’t guarantee their

success.

政府只能帮助这些小企业,但是不能保证他们成功。

3. People can’t be guaranteed to do the right things.

也没有人能担保人们能永远做正确的事情。

guarantee n. 担保,保证(书),保修期

1. The new television had a guarantee with it. 这台新电视有保修。

2. Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蓝天也不总保证是好天气。

under guarantee在保修期内■

重点短语

burn to the ground

【原句回放】... and many houses have been covered with lava or burnt to the ground. 因此许多房屋被熔岩淹没,或者焚烧殆尽。

【点拨】burn to the ground 彻底烧毁

He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground.

他没有地方住了,因为他的房子已经被完全烧毁了。

【拓展】含burn的短语

burn down 把......烧成平地;渐渐烧光,火力减弱

burn off 烧掉

burn up 烧起来,旺起来

burn to ashes 烧成灰烬

burn to death 烧死

make one’s way

【原句回放】It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. 穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易,但是我们还是缓缓地往火山口的边缘走去,并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山口中心处。【点拨】make one’s way 前往,费力前行;有出息,获得成功

Thousands of refugees are making their way across the border.

数千难民正艰苦跋涉通过边境。

If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are

still young.

你如果想要有出息,趁年轻的时候要学会发奋.

【拓展】含way的短语:

make way (for) (为)......让路lose one’s way迷路, 迷失方向

feel one’s way 谨慎小心地进行fight one’s way 奋斗前进

force/push one’s way 挤(出去), 冲(出去) on the way to 在去......的途中

out of the way 不挡道in the way 挡道,妨碍人

in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上

protect... from

【原句回放】However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth —the volcano. 最重要的是,通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

【点拨】protect...from 保护…使不受

He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.

他举起胳膊护住脸,挡住了那一击。

He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.

他带着墨镜以保护眼睛免受阳光刺激。

【拓展】prevent…(from) doing 阻止…做某事

What prevented their plan from being carried out? 什么能阻止计划执行呢?

重点句型

was/were about to do sth. when...

【原句回放】I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

【点拨】was/were about to do sth. when... 正要做某事,这时......

此句型中when是并列连词,引导并列句,强调后面的分句,不能用as或while替

换。

The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back.

经理快要离开时,他的秘书叫住了他。

I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开,天开始突然下起雨来。

【拓展】类似句型:

1. was/were doing sth. when... 正在做某事,这时......

2. was/were on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事,这时......

3. had just done sth. when.... 刚刚完成某事,这时......

The boy was reading a novel when suddenly the teacher asked him to answer a question.

男孩正在读一本小说,突然老师让他回答问题。

We were on the point of going to the cinema when he came to visit me.

我正要去看电影,他突然来看我。

I had just finished my homework when the light went out.

我刚写完作业,灯突然熄灭了。

独立主格结构

【原句回放】The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。

【点拨】独立主格结构

句型:1. 名(代)词+非谓语动词

2. 名(代)词+形容词/副词/介词短语/名词等(相当于上一结构中省略了

being)

作用:当非谓语动词,如现在分词或过去分词作状语,且其逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,要用独立主格结构。

注意:

1. 代词要用主格。

2. there be结构的独立主格结构是:there being+名词

3. “名词+介词+名词”经常省略名词前的冠词、物主代词等。

例如:

The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. (表示原因)

雨停了,他出去散步。

More time given, we should have done it much better. (表示条件)

如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做得更好。

The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand(=with a gun in his hand).

那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。(表示伴随状况)

Hundreds of people went out of the cinema, some in pairs, others alone. (表示方式) 成百上千的人走出电影院,有的结伴而行,有的独自出来。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.

没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。

I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. (表示结果)

听说她在这场事故中受了伤,我内心充满了担忧。

人教版高中英语知识点梳理

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