Can I help you
Can I help you, madam?
Part 1 Basic words and expressions
1. madam n.（对妇女的尊称）太太，夫人
madam = ma ’am
a madam chairman 女主席
May I speak to the madam of the house ？我可以和这家的主妇说几句话吗？
2. jeans n.牛仔裤
Tight jeans have come into fashion again. 紧身牛仔裤又流行起来。
There was nothing to buy except jeans in the store. 那家商店里除了牛仔裤没什么可买的。
课堂内容
3. hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑
He hesitated to ask the lady to dance. 他不好意思请那位女士跳舞。
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
4. serve v.接待（顾客）
Who served the man with a hat? 谁接待了这位戴帽子的先生？
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。
5. scornfully adv.轻蔑地
She glanced him scornfully. 她轻蔑地瞥了他一眼。
He replied to that charge scornfully. 他对指责不屑一顾。
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖过了。
6. punish v.惩罚
She was punished for lying. 她因说谎受到惩处。
Drivers should be severely punished for speeding. 超速驾车的人应受严厉惩罚。
7. fur n.裘皮
He saw an old lady in furs. 他看见一位身穿裘皮大衣的老太太。
8. eager adj. 热切的, 渴望的，渴求的
She listened with eager attention. 她聚精会神地倾听。
He is eager about his studies. 他对自己的研究很热心。
Part 2 Structure and Vocabulary
1. The woman stood at the window. She stood ________ it.
A. in front
B. in front of
C. front
D. ahead of
2. The assistant ________ her did not like the way she was dressed.
A. served
B. serving
C. who serving
D. was serving
3. After ________ out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.
A. she was dressing
B. she had sought
C. sought
D. when she sought
4. ________ who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
A. Not to realize
B. Without to realize
C. Except realizing
D. Without realizing
5. She bought the dress ________ she had first asked for.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. whom
6. He glanced at her scornfully. He ________ her.
A. mocked
B. teased
C. laughed
D. despised
7. She returned the following day. She returned the day ________.
A. other
B. next
C. after
D. else
8. She sought out the rude assistant. He had been ________ polite.
A. un-
B. im-
C. in-
D. dis-
9. He was eager to serve her. He was ________ to serve her.
A. prompt
B. fast
C. nervous
D. anxious
10. He bought almost everything in the window. He bought ________ everything.
A. nearly
B. scarcely
C. hardly
D. already
Part 3 Grammar
一、in, at, off, with
用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
（1）在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in则表示里面或包围的含义：
I stopped at London on the way to New York.
去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。（伦敦是途中的一个点）
I live in London. 我住在伦敦。（伦敦―包围着‖他）
We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car. 我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。
（2）off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即―与……分离‖，可译为―脱掉‖、―脱落‖等，其反义词为on: The handle of my suitcase has come off. 我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
He took the cup off the shelf. 他把杯子从架上拿了下来。
（3）描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么：Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊，是不是？
The man with a beard over there is Sam.那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女！
A child came along with a brown dog.一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。
Exercise 1
用in, at, out of, to, with, into填空。
1. A woman _____jeans stood _____ the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went _____ and asked to see a dress that was _____ the window.
2. Glancing _____ her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked _____ the shop angrily
3. She returned _____ the shop the following morning dressed _____ a fur coat, _____ a handbag
_____ one hand and a long umbrella _____ the other.
4. _____ great difficulty, he climbed _____ the shop window to get the dress.
5. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything _____ the window.
二、长难句分析
1. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and
a long umbrella in the other.
第二天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。它也可以变换位置，放在句首，其意义不变：Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with带有两个宾语：handbag和umbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语，表示伴随状态：
He walked in the park with a dog behind him. 他在公园里散步，身后跟了一条狗。
2. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。
（1）seek out为固定短语，表示―找出‖、―搜寻出‖：
He sought out the thief in the crowd. 他在人群中找出了那个小偷。
（2）ask for表示―要‖、―要求‖：
I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
我要的是一杯咖啡，但你却给了我一杯茶。
3. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
(1) 现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. 他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。
(2) 像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：
They are all eager to come. 他们都急于来。
I'm pleased to work with you. 我很高兴能与你一起工作。
She is eager for success. 她渴望成功。
He was eager to make a noise in the world. 他很想出名。
4. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗取那件衣服。
with在这里表示行为方式：
With care, she put the vase on the shelf. 她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
He lifted the box with ease/difficulty. 他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。
5. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示―从……中得到乐趣‖：
He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars. 他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。
（2）make后面的动词不定式不加to
三、易混淆词汇辨析
make＆let
两者都是使役动词，后都可以加动词原形，但是前者往往含有被迫之意，而后者有允许意愿之意。
仔细体会：
I can’t make him change his mind.
The teacher made the boy write the exercise again.
Let me try.
Don’t let the children touch anything in the room please.
Exercise 2
用make或let的适当形式填空。
1. I _____ him drive my car because he asked me if he could use it.
2. Last week my teacher _____ me write my homework again.
3. Will you _____ me look at your homework? I can’t do it!
4. I’m not going to do that job. You can’t _____ me!
5. That girl’s grandmother _____ her do almost anything she wants.
6. That music is so loud. It _____ me head ache.
1. “她又来到这家商店，一手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。”用英语如何表述？
2. 今天所接触到的几组易混词汇你都明白了吗？
Exercise 3
一、单项选择。
1. I think there’s someone ______ the door.
A. to
B. at
C. in 2. They’ve gone to live ______ Tokyo.
A. in
B. into
C. at 3. The young man was dressed ______ a very smart suit.
A. with
B. in
C. on 4. They’re looking for a woman ______ long blonde hair.
A. off
B. in
C. with 5. The lid of this jar came ______ very easily.
A. out
B. out of
C. off 6. I’ll wait for you ______ the bus stop.
A. to
B. at
C. in 7. Who’s the girl ______ the blue shoulder bag?
A. in
B. with
C. at 8. Is Bob in his room or ______ the garden?
A. in
B. at
C. to 9. I walked ______ the library just as a friend was coming out.
A. at
B. on
C. into 10. She took her books ______ her bag and put them on the table.
A. out
B. out of
C. off
二、选词填空。
1. That woman ______ in a fur coat every day – even in the summer! (dress / wears)
2. ―You crime is so bad,‖ the judge said, ―I don ’t really know how to ______ you.‖ (punish / beat)
3. The boy is always ______ to help people. (want / eager)
4. That boy went into the wrong room without ______ it. (understanding / realizing)
5. The assistant who ______ me in the shop was very rude. (gave / served)
一、单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（选自2010·河南）
1. — Have you found ____ address that you wanted?
— Yes. It’s Mr . Wang268@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/034801409.html,.
A. a
B. an.
C. the
D. 不填 2. — Excuse me , is this Lucy’s book ? —
No, this is ____. ____ is over there .
课后作业
A. mine; Hers
B. my; Her
C. my; Hers
D. mine; Her
3. —It’s sunny today. How about going hiking?
— ____
A. Don’t worry!
B. Never mind!
C. Not at all.
D. Good idea!
4. __This pair of shoes ____ belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.
—It ____ be his. It’s too large for him.
A. can; can’t
B. may; needn’t
C. must; mustn’t
D. must; can’t
5. ____ good job she does! She is really a clever girl.
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. How a
6. — What does your brother look like? ____.
A. He is a little shy .
B. He is tall .
C. He likes dancing .
D. He is a doctor
7. — Hello! May I speak to Mary, please?
—____. I’ll go and get her.
A. Speaking
B. Hold on, please.
C. I don’t think so
D. Hurry up, pleas
8. The car accident happened ____ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. of
9. Study hard! ____ you study, ____ results you’ll get.
A. Harder; better
B. The harder; better.
C. The harder; the better
D. Harder; the better.
10. The number of the students in our school is about nine ____. ____ of them are boys.
A. hundred; Two thirds
B. hundred; Two third
C. hundreds; Two thirds
D. hundreds; Two third
11. — ____ will you come back? — In a week .
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How soon
12. — Jack is busy packing luggage.（行李）
— Yes. He ____ for America on vacation.
A. leaves
B. left
C. is leaving
D. has been away
13. -- Hello! Is that Mr. Jiang ?
-- No ,he _____ Gui yang .He will be back in more than two weeks.
A. goes
B. went
C. has gone to
D. has been to
14. — Could you please tell me ____?
—Walk along the road until to the end and you’ll see it on your left.
A. how is the Shi Chang Square
B. how the Shi Chang Square is
C. where is the Shi Chang Square
D. where the Shi Chang Square is
15. — May I go to the concert with you?
—I’m afraid not ____ you have a ticket, because I have only one.
A. since
B. if
C. unless
D. though
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A little boy wanted to meet God, so he started his trip with some cakes and orange juice. On his way he saw an old woman 1 in the park. The boy sat down next to her. The old lady looked 2 , so he offered her a cake. She accepted it thankfully and smiled __3__ him. Her smile was__4_pretty that the boy wanted to see it again, so he gave her a bottle of orange juice. Once again she smiled at him. The boy was very happy! They sat there all afternoon eating and smiling, but they never say a word. As it got dark, the boy got up to leave.__5_ he left, he had given her a kiss. She gave him her __6__smile.
When the boy__7__home, his mother saw the look of joy __8__his face. She asked him, " __9__ are you so happy?" He replied, "I had lunch with God. She's got the most beautiful smile I've ever seen!" The old woman also returned to her home __10__. Her son asked, "Mother, why are you so happy?" She answered, "I ate cakes in the park with God. You know, he's much younger than I expected."
1. A. sits B. sat C. to sit D. sitting
2. A. thirsty B. tired C. hungry D. angry
3. A. to B. for C. at D. in
4. A. so B. too C. very D. quite
5. A. Before B. After C. Since D. Until
6. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
7. A. got to B. got C. reaches D. arrived in
8. A. on B. with C. at D. in
9. A. Which B. What C. Where D. Why
10. A. happy B. happiness C. happily D. happier
三．阅读理解。
A
It was just three degrees above zero. ―That’s cool,‖ thought Jane as she got ready to deliver her morning papers. Jane had 50 customers, and on a cold morning when she couldn’t ride her bicycle, it took her more than an hour to make her rounds.
As she col lected her papers and put them into a big canvas bag, Jane regretted that she hadn’t finished her math homework the night before. There was still time. She’d hurry with the papers and finish the math before breakfast.
Less than an hour later Jane was nearly finished. She had only five customers to go. She could then head for home to complete her math while her mom fixed breakfast. As she rounded the corner, she saw a car in the middle of the street. It was Mr. Zimmerman, the elderly man who walked with a walking stick. His car was out of gas.
―I’d like to help Mr. Zimmerman,‖ thought Jane, ―but if I do, I won’t have time to do my homework.‖ She hated to think what Mr. Roberts would say if she hadn’t completed her papers.
―It’s his own fault for running out of gas,‖ Jane talked to herself. ―The station is only a half mile down the street. Surely Mr. Zimmerman can walk that far, even on a cold morning like this…can’t he?‖ As she walked down the street, Jane wondered what to do…
1. Jane delivers her papers __________.
A. before she goes to school
B. always on cold morning
C. with the help of Mr. Zimmerman’s car
D. on the way to school
2. Mr. Zimmerman was old and __________.
A. couldn’t drive well
B. would have nobody to help him
C. was not rich enough to buy gas
D. was not able to walk a long way
3. The best title for this reading should be __________.
A. Fifty Customers
B. There’s No Easy Answer
C. No Time to Finish Homework
D. A Warm Morning for Jane
4. We know form the reading that __________.
A. Jane couldn’t find any time to finish her homework
B. it took about an hour for Jane to send the papers
C. Jane would have her breakfast in the school
D. Jane likes to deliver papers on cold mornings
5 The reading doe sn’t say but we can infer that __________.
A. Jane bought the gas for Mr. Zimmerman
B. usually Jane delivers papers by bike
C. Mr. Roberts doesn’t like Jane at school
D. Mr. Zimmerman had to leave the car for Jane
B
Which of your hands do you use most? Very few of us both use both of our hands well. Most of us are right-handed. Only about five people out of a hundred are left-handed. New-born babies can take things with either of their hands, but in about two years they like to use their right hands. Scientists don’t know why this happens. They have studied it. They think our animal ancestors (祖先) were right-handed., but this may not be true. Monkeys are our closest relations in the animal world. Scientists have found that monkeys like to use one of their hands more than the other. But it can be either hand. Next time you visit the zoo, watch the monkeys carefully. You’ll see that some of them will swing with their right hands and others will use their left hands. But most human-beings use their right hands better, and most things are designed for the right-handed people. This makes life difficult for the left-handed ones.
6. Very few of us use both of our hands well. It means ______ use one hand as well as the other.
A. most of us can’t
B. none of us
C. many people can
D. each of us can
7. New-born babies __________ well at first.
A. can only use their right hands
B. can only use their left hands
C. can use both of their hands
D. can’t use either of their hand s
8. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Monkeys are all left-handed
B. Monkeys are all right-handed
C. Some monkeys are right-handed, some are left-handed
D. Monkeys using right hands are more than those using left hands
9. Left-handed people are difficult in life because __________.
A. they can’t use their right hands at all
B. most things are designed for the right-handed people
C. they can’t use both of their hands
D. they are not cleverer than right-handed people
10. ―Human being‖ in the passage means __________.
A. 猴
B. 动物
C. 人
D. 猿人
True Nobility 真正的高贵
In a calm sea every man is a pilot.
在风平浪静的大海上,每个人都是领航员。
But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Take the lot of the happiest - it is a tangled yarn. Bereavements and blessings, one following another, make us sad and blessed by turns. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men come closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss.
但只有阳光没有阴影,只有快乐没有痛苦,根本不是真正的生活.就拿最幸福的人来说,他的生活也是一团缠结在一起的乱麻。痛苦与幸福交替出现,使得我们一会悲伤一会高兴。甚至死亡本身都使得生命更加可爱。在人生清醒的时刻,在悲伤与失落的阴影之下,人们与真实的自我最为接近。
美文欣赏
In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgment.
在生活和事业的种种事务之中，性格比才智更能指导我们，心灵比头脑更能引导我们，而由判断获得的克制、耐心和教养比天分更能让我们受益。
I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are.
我一向认为，内心生活开始更为严谨的人，他的外在生活也会变得更为简朴。在物欲横流的年代，但愿我能向世人表明：人类的真正需求少得多么可怜。
To regret one's errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self.
反思自己的过错不至于重蹈覆辙才是真正的悔悟。高人一等并没有什么值得夸耀的。真正的高贵是优于过去的自己。
高一英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点总结
高一英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点总结 高一英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点总结 Unit 4 Earthquakes 1. right away毫不迟疑，立刻 2. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像… ② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though… ③ There seems/appears(to be)… There appears to have been a mistake. 2. in ruins. 变为废墟 3. Two-thirds 4. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 5. under the weight of 在……重压下，迫于 6. in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天7. take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事in turn 依次地，轮流地8. be shocked at 对……感到震惊9. be proud of 以……为自豪10. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth… 对/因……表示感谢11. without warning 毫无预 兆12. next to紧接着，相邻，次于13. get away from… 避免，摆脱，离开14. disaster-hit areas灾区15. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。16. It is believed that 人们认为… 17. hold up 举起;托住;支 撑列举，推举18. make up 弥补, 虚构, 整理, 和解,化妆,拼 凑19. be trapped in 被困于… 20. It is said that… 据说... 21. be fixed to…被固定到…… 22. be tied to … 被绑在…… Unit 5 Nelson Mandela―a modern hero 1. devotes… to doing奉于 2. fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争 3. selflessly 无私地 4. be free from 免于，不受 5. be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑 6. the first man to do 第一个…的人7. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到他的时候是在
高中学业水平考试知识点复习
技术与设计1 第一章走进技术世界 第一节技术的价值 1、技术具有保护人、解放人和发展人的作用。 保护人：技术为人提供了抵抗不良环境，防止侵害的手段和工具。 解放人：依靠技术解放或延长了身体器官的功能。 发展人：技术促进了人的精神和智力的发展。 第二节技术的性质 1、技术的性质有： ①目的性：任何一项技术的产生和发展都是人类为满足自身的需求和愿望对大自然 进行的改造。(例：助听器的发明) ②创新性：技术的发展需要创新。技术创新常常表现为技术革新和技术发明。(例： 显示器的革新与电视机的创新) ③综合性：任何一项技术的产生和发展都需要综合运用多个学科的知识。 ④两面性：任何事物客观上都具有两面性。它既可以带来好处，也会带来危害。 例：电池(可以带来光明和动力，但也可以带来严重的环境污染) 网络技术(方便人们交流沟通，但也有人利用网络犯罪) B超技术(可以用于医疗，但也有人用于胎儿鉴别) 克隆技术(克隆人体器官用于医疗，但也会挑战人类伦理道德) 核技术(可以用于发电，但也会用于战争) 空间技术(可以用于科学实验、卫星通讯，但也会产生太空垃圾) 转基因技术(可制造符合人类要求的动植物，但可能会产生负作用) ⑤专利性：保护技术发明者的合法权益不受侵害。(例：复印机的专利壁垒) 2、技术与科学的区别与联系： 科学是对各种事实和现象进行观察、分类、归纳、演绎、分析、推理、计算和实验，从而发现规律，并予以验证和公式化的知识体系。科学侧重认识自然，力求有所发现(科学回答“为什么”)。科学通过实验验证假设，形成结论。 技术是人类为了满足自身的需求和愿望对大自然进行的改造。技术侧重利用和合理地改造自然，力求有所发明(技术是解决“怎么办”)。技术通过试验，验证方案的可行性与合理性，并实现优化。科学促进了技术的发展，技术推动了科学的进步。 例如：科学活动有牛顿发现万有引力定律、爱因斯坦提出相对论、伽利略提出自由落体运动定律；技术活动有瓦特发明蒸汽机、贝尔发明电话、莫尔斯发明电报、纳米技术等。 3、知识产权：是人们基于自己的智力活动创造的成果和经营管理活动的标记、信誉而依法享 有的权利。狭义的知识产权包括著作权、专利权、商标权三部分。 4、专利的申请和获得：提交申请→受理→初审→公布→实质审查→授权。 第三节技术的未来 第二章技术世界中的设计 第一节技术与设计的关系 1、设计是基于一定设想的、有目的的规划及创造活动。
高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习
高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲 解和练习 4、 Earthquakes辅导目标重点掌握定语从句关系代词的用法；本次辅导的知识点分析重点 1、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况； 2、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。难点 1、掌握与end搭配的常用短语； 2、辨析：injury，hurt，harm与wound； 3、辨析：ruin，destroy，damage，break与spoill。注意点as引导的定语从句。课堂讲解及训练课堂讲解 一、知识讲授 1、In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst 、（1）爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂The red balloon suddenly burst、那个红色的气球突然爆了。(2)猛冲；突然出现 He burst into the room without knocking、【拓展】 burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭 2、It seemed as if the world was at an end! 【短语归纳】
与end搭配的常用短语：come to an end vi、结束（用作谓语）bring/put sth、to an end vt、结束；制止at the end of 在…尽头（末）（指时间或空间）by the end of到…末为止（现在完成时连用）by the end of last、、、（与过去完成时连用）by the end of next、、、（用于将来完成时）in the end 最后，终于（作状语）on end连续to the end到底without end 没完没了的 【随堂练习】 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。（1）How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor ___________、（3）My uncle will fly to China _________ this year、4、、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins、（1）n、残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数）The city lay in ruins after years of bombing、（2）v、毁灭；使破产The hurricane ruined all the houses here、【拓展】 be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb、 to ruin 使毁灭 【辨析】
人教版高一英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes知识点
Unit 4 Earthquakes 重点单词和短语 1. right/ straight away = at once 立刻；马上=right now=in no time=without delay=immediately 2. burst (burst, burst) vi. 爆裂；爆发 burst into 突然……起来 burst into tears/ laughters/ flames 突然大哭/大笑/起火 burst out crying/ laughing/ singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来 n. 一阵a burst of laughter/ applause 一阵笑声/掌声a burst of anger 怒火的迸发 as if/ though+clause 虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反一般过去时与过去事实相反过去完成时 4. at an end 结束；终结 in the end 最后；终于（一般过去时） at the end (of sth.) 在结尾处；在（……）结束的时候(一般过去时) by the end of this month 在本月末（过去完成时） Nation n国家，民族national adj 5. ruin n. 废墟；毁灭；遗迹be in ruins 成为一片废墟 v. 毁灭；使破产/灭ruin one’s health 毁坏某人健康ruin one’s hope 使某人希望破灭extreme adj极度的extremely adv Injure v损害，伤害injury n 受伤injured adj受伤的the injured 伤员 6. destroy (destroyed, destroyed) vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction n. 破坏；毁坏 7. track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹keep track of 记录；掌握……的线索 Useless adj无用的useful adj It is useless to do =It is useless doing=It is no use doing做。。。没有用 8. shock: n. 休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事vt & vi (使)震惊；震动 Shocked adj 吃惊的shocking adj令人震惊的 be shocked by/ at 对……感到震惊 a shocking accident 令人震惊的事故an electric shock 电击9. rescue: n & vt. 援救；营救rescuer n. 营救人员 rescue sb. from … 从危险中救出 a rescue team 救援队come/ go to one’s rescue 营救某人10. trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境be trapped in the mud被困在泥巴里面 trap sb./ sth. into (doing)… 诱使某人/某物（做）…… set a trap 设圈套 11.dig out (dug dug) 掘出；发现dig sth. out of sth. 把……从……里挖出 12. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏burial n 葬礼 bury oneself in= be buried in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 陷入了沉思 Be lost in=be devoted to doing沉迷于 mine n 矿，矿山miner n 矿工 13. shelter n. 躲避（处）；避身处take shelter from the rain 躲雨 v. 保护……；遮蔽；使……住宿shelter me from blame 保护我免受责难 damage v损害do/cause damage to给。。。造成损害 14. judge n. 裁判员；法官；vt. 断定；判断；判决；认为judge sth. from/ by sth. 由……来判断 judging from/ by sth. 由……来看（作状语）judgement n. 判决；审判；判断 15. express vt. 表达；用快递邮寄出express oneself 表达自己 express thanks/ thoughts 表达感谢/思想express the letter 用快递方式寄出信件 Congratulation n祝贺（复数）congratulate v祝贺congratulate sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事 16. rise (rose; risen) vi. 升高；增长；站在；起床n. 上升；上涨；增升；涨工资
详细版2018高中数学学业水平考试知识点
2018年高中数学学业水平测试知识点 【必修一】 一、 集合与函数概念 并集：由集合A 和集合B 的元素合并在一起组成的集合，如果遇到重复的只取一次。记作：A ∪B 交集：由集合A 和集合B 的公共元素所组成的集合，如果遇到重复的只取一次记作：A ∩B 补集：就是作差。 1、集合{}n a a a ,...,,21的子集个数共有2n 个；真子集有2n –1个；非空子集有2n –1个；非空的真子有2n –2个. 2、求)(x f y =的反函数：解出)(1y f x -=，y x ,互换，写出)(1 x f y -=的定义域；函数图象关于y=x 对称。 3、（1）函数定义域：①分母不为0；②开偶次方被开方数0≥；③指数的真数属于R 、对数的真数0>. 4、函数的单调性：如果对于定义域I 内的某个区间D 内的任意两个自变量x 1，x 2，当x 1
学业水平测试知识点汇总
V R p = 3 4 3 log log log a a a M M N N =-2016年高中数学学业水平测试 复习必背知识点 必修一 集合与函数概念 1、含n 个元素的集合的所有子集有n 2个 2、对数：①负数和零没有对数；②1的对数等于0 ：01log =a ；③底的对数等于1： 1log =a a ，④、积的对数：N M MN a a a log log )(log +=，商的对数： 幂的对数：M n M a n a log log =； 3.奇函数()()f x f x -=-，函数图象关于原点对称；偶函数()()f x f x -=，函数图象关于y 轴对称。 必修二 一、直线 平面 简单的几何体 1、长方体的对角线长2222c b a l ++=；正方体的对角线长a l 3= 2、球的体积公式：球的表面积公式：24 R S π= 3、柱体h s V ?=，锥体 4.点、线、面的位置关系及相关公理及定理： （1）四公理三推论:公理1：若一条直线上有两个点在一个平面内，则该直线上所有的点都在这个平面内：公理2：经过不在同一直线上的三点，有且只有一个平面。公理3：如果两个平面有一个公共点，那么它们还有其他公共点，且所有这些公共点的集合是一条过这个公共点的直线。推论一：经过一条直线和这条直线外的一点,有且只有一个平面。推论二：经过两条相交直线,有且只有一个平面。推论三：经过两条平行直线,有且只有一个平面。公理4：平行于同一条直线的两条直线平行； （2）等角定理：空间中如果两个角的两边分别对应平行，那么这两个角相等或互补。 （3）空间线线，线面，面面的位置关系： 空间两条直线的位置关系： 相交直线——有且仅有一个公共点； 平行直线——在同一平面内，没有公共点； 异面直线——不同在任何一个平面内，没有公共点。相交直线和平行直线也称为共面直线。 直线和平面的位置关系 （1）直线在平面内（无数个公共点）； （2）直线和平面相交（有且只有一个公共点）； （3）直线和平面平行（没有公共点）——用两分法进行两次分类。 它们的图形分别可表示为如下，符号分别可表示为a α?，a A α=，//a α。 线面平行的判定定理：如果不在一个平面内的一条直线和平面内的一条直线平行，那么这条直线和这个平面平行。推理模式：,,////a b a b a ααα???． 线面平行的性质定理：如果一条直线和一个平面平行，经过这条直线的平面和这个平面相交，那么这条直线和交线平行。推理模式：//,,//a a b a b αβα β?=?． 两个平面的位置关系有两种：两平面相交（有一条公共直线）、两平面平行（没有公共点） （1）两个平面平行的判定定理：如果一个平面内有两条相交直线都平行于一个平面，那么这两个平面平行。 推论：如果一个平面内有两条相交直线分别平行于另一个平面内的两条相交直线，那么这两个平面互相平行。 推论模式：,,,,,,//,////a b P a b a b P a b a a b b ααββαβ'''''''=??=??? （2）两个平面平行的性质 A.如果两个平面平行，那么其中一个平面内的直线平行于另一个平面；B.如果两个平行平面同时和第三个平面相交，那么它们的交线平行。 2）垂直： 1．线线垂直 判断线线垂直的方法：所成的角是直角，两直线垂直；垂直于平行线中的一条，必垂直于另一条。 2．线面垂直 直线与平面垂直的判定定理：如果一条直线和一个平面内的两条相交直线都垂直，那么这条直线垂直于这个平面。 直线和平面垂直的性质定理：如果两条直线同垂直于一个平面,那么这两条直线平行。 3．面面垂直 两平面垂直的判定定理：（线面垂直?面面垂直）如果一个平面经过另一个平面的一条 V s h = ?1 3 log log m n a a n b b m =
(详细版)2018高中数学学业水平考试知识点
(详细版)2018高中数学学业水平考试知识点
2018年高中数学学业水平测试知识点 【必修一】 一、 集合与函数概念 并集：由集合A 和集合B の元素合并在一起组成の集合，如 果遇到重复の只取一次。记作：A ∪B 交集：由集合A 和集合B の公共元素所组成の集合，如果遇 到重复の只取一次记作：A ∩B 补集：就是作差。 1、集合{}n a a a ,...,,2 1 の子集个数共有2n 个；真子集有2n –1个；非空子集有个；非空の真子有2n –2个. 2、求)(x f y =の反函数：解出)(1y f x -=，y x ,互换，写出)(1 x f y -=の定义域；图象关于y=x 对称。 3、（1）函数定义域：①分母不为0；②开偶次方被开方数0≥；③指数の真数属于R 、对数の真数0>. 4、函数の单调性：如果对于定义域I 内の某个区间D 内の任意两个自变量x 1，x 2，当x 1
（2）指数函数(0,1)x y a a a =>≠当 01a <<为减函数，当 1a >为增函数； ①r s r s a a a +?=；②()r s rs a a =；③()(0,0,,)r r r ab a b a b r s Q =>>∈。 （3）指数函数の图象和性质 7、对数函数の含义及其运算性质： （1）函数log (0,1)a y x a a =>≠叫对数函数。 （2）对数函数log (0,1)a y x a a =>≠当 01a <<为减函数，当 1a >为增函数； ①负数和零没有对数；②1の对数等于0 ：01log =a ；③底真相同の对数等于1：1log =a a ， （3）对数の运算性质：如果a > 0 , a ≠ 1 , M > 0 , N > 0，那么： ① N M MN a a a log log log +=； ② N M N M a a a log log log -=； ③ ) (log log R n M n M a n a ∈=。
人教版高一英语必修一unit4知识点及练习.
必修I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes 一、知识点 1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有： There happen to be 碰巧有 There seems/appears to be 好像有 There is likely to be 可能有 There may/might be 也许有 There must be 一定有 There can’t be 不可能有 There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有 There used to be 曾经有 There is sure/certain to be 一定有 2. happen to. It (so) happened that… Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办? I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was out when he called.) I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3. right away毫不迟疑，立刻 He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立即请大夫来。 4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。 5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎” ①It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear) ③There seems/appears(to be)…(不用look) There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake. ④It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。 8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
高中学业水平考试知识点复习
第一章走进技术世界 第一节技术的价值 1、技术具有保护人、解放人和发展人的作用。 技术为人提供了抵抗不良环境，防止侵害的手段和工具。 依靠技术解放或延长了身体器官的功能。 技术促进了人的精神和智力的发展。 第二节技术的性质 1、 技术的性质有： ① 目的性：任何一项技术的产生和发展都是人类为满足自身的需求和愿望对大自然 进行的改造。（例：助听器的发明 ） ② 创新性：技术的发展需要创新。技术创新常常表现为技术革新和技术发明。 （例: 显示器的革新与电视机的创新 ） ③ 综合性：任何一项技术的产生和发展都需要综合运用多个学科的知识。 ④ 两面性：任何事物客观上都具有两面性。它既可以带来好处，也会带来危害。 例：电池（可以带来光明和动力，但也可以带来严重的环境污染 ） 网络技术（方便人们交流沟通，但也有人利用网络犯罪 ） B 超技术（可以用于医疗，但也有人用于胎儿鉴别 ） 克隆技术（克隆人体器官用于医疗，但也会挑战人类伦理道德 ） 核技术（可以用于发电，但也会用于战争 ） 空间技术（可以用于科学实验、卫星通讯，但也会产生太空垃圾 ） 转基因技术（可制造符合人类要求的动植物，但可能会产生负作用 ） ⑤ 专利性：保护技术发明者的合法权益不受侵害。 （例：复印机的专利壁垒 ） 2、 技术与科学的区别与联系： 科学是对各种事实和现象进行观察、分类、归纳、演绎、分析、推理、计算和实验，从而 发现规律，并予以验证和公式化的知识体系。 科学侧重认识自然，力求有所发现（科学回答“为 什么”）。科学通过实验验证假设，形成结论。 技术是人类为了满足自身的需求和愿望对大自然进行的改造。技术侧重利用和合理地改造 自然，力求有所发明（技术是解决“怎么办”）。技术通过试验，验证方案的可行性与合理性， 并实现优化。科学促进了技术的发展，技术推动了科学的进步。 例如：科学活动有牛顿发现万有引力定律、爱因斯坦提出相对论、伽利略提出自由落体运 动定律；技术活动有瓦特发明蒸汽机、贝尔发明电话、莫尔斯发明电报、纳米技术等。 3、 知识产权：是人们基于自己的智力活动创造的成果和经营管理活动的标记、信誉而依法享 有的权利。狭义 的知识产权包括著作权、专利权、商标权三部分。 4、 专利的申请和获得：提交申请T 受理T 初审T 公布T 实质审查T 授权。 第三节技术的未来 第二章 技术世界中的设计 第一节技术与设计的关系 1、设计是基于一定设想的、有目的的规划及创造活动。 第二节 设计中的人机关系 1、人机关系：使用物品时物品 与人 产生的相互关系称为人机关系。 2、 人机关系要实现的目标：高效、健康、舒适、安全。 3、 实现合理人机关系考虑的因素：普通人群与特殊人群、静态的人与动态的人、人的 生理需求与人的心理需 求、信息的交互。 第三节技术试验及其方法 1、技术活动中为了某种目的所进行的尝试、检验等探索性实践活动称为技术试验。按 目的的不同进行分类，可分为： 保护人 解放人 发展人
学年人教必修一UnitEarthquakes单元知识点学案
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高中数学学业水平考试知识点
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人教版必修一unit4 earthquakes语法教案
教学过程 一、课堂导入 Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why? 二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学的重点单词，短语和句子 词语辨析
1. congratulate / celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm 3. rise / raise / lift 4. hurt / injure / wound 词形变化 1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓f rightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的 2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的 3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者 重点单词 1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数） 3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救 4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计 重点词组 1. right away 立刻，马上 2. at an end 结束，终结 3. instead of 代替，而不 4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的 重点句子 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
(完整word版)高中化学学业水平考试知识点总结
小哥笔记学业水平-化学科总结 1. 元素组成物质（看得见）；（微观）分子，原子，离子构成物质 例：在奶粉和猪肝等食物中含有丰富的铁，这里的“铁”指元素；1个H2O分子由2个H原子和1个O原子构成。 2. 常见原子团：SO42-，NO3-，CO32-，OH-，NH4+ SO32- 3.（1）纯净物：可用一个化学式表示，如：干冰（CO2） （2）常见混合物：氨水，水玻璃，盐酸（均是溶液），生铁，碱石灰，空气等 （3）氧化物：CO2，Na2O等；盐：金属离子/NH4++酸根离子（酸的阴离子），如：Na2CO3，，NH4Cl 【常见强酸】H2SO4、HCl、HBr、HNO3【常见弱酸】H2SO3、CH3COOH、HClO、H2SiO3等【常见强碱】NaOH、KOH、Ca(OH)2、Ba(OH)2【常见弱碱】NH3.H2O、Al(OH)3、Fe(OH)3等 4. 常考【物理变化】：石油的分馏，蒸馏； 二．物质的量（记单位符号，做题时就看单位）等 1. 物质的量（n）：单位：mol（摩尔）。表示1mol H2，1mol NaCl，1mol水（错误写法） 2. 阿伏加德罗常数，符号N A，单位：mol-1近似值6.02×1023mol-1。关系式：n(mol)＝ 3. 摩尔质量（M），单位：g/mol。【怎么算】知道化学式就能算出。关系式：M=m／n 4. 气体摩尔体积（Vm），单位：L/mol。【怎么用】常用在标准状况下（即0℃和101.325 kPa），Vm约为 22.4 L/mol，就是如此简单，哈哈。 5. 物质的量浓度（c），单位：mol/L 关系式： 6. 质量（m）：g ；体积（V）：mL/L 6. 配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液（配制前要检查容量瓶是否漏水） （1）步骤：①计算；②称量；③溶解（玻璃棒）；④移液（玻璃棒引流）；⑤洗涤；⑥定容（用到胶头滴管）（2）主要仪器：玻璃棒、一定规格的容量瓶 化学实验基础 一、常见物质的分离、提纯和鉴别（课本） 1. 萃取（溶质在互不相溶的溶剂里，溶解度的不同，把溶质分离出来） （1）仪器：分液漏斗（查漏）；（2）实例：CCl4萃取饱和碘水中的I2 2. 分液（纯粹分离互不相溶液体） （1）仪器：分液漏斗；（2）实例：油和水，水和CCl4 3. 蒸馏 （1）仪器：蒸馏烧瓶、冷凝管、温度计、牛角管 （2）注意：①温度计水银球位于支管处；②冷凝水下进上出；③加碎瓷片；（3）实例：乙醇和水 常见物质除杂方法（括号内为杂质） 1. NaHCO3溶液（Na2CO3）①方法：加入CO2；②方程式：CO32- + CO2 + H2O=HCO32- 2. FeCl3溶液（FeCl2）①方法：+Cl2；②方程式：Fe2++Cl2 = Fe3+ 3. FeCl2溶液（FeCl3）①方法：+Fe；②方程式：2Fe3+ + Fe = 3Fe2+ 常见气体的检验 1. Cl2（黄绿色）方法：使湿润的碘化钾淀粉试纸变蓝 2. SO2方法：使品红溶液褪色，加热后又显红色。能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色。 几种重要阳离子的检验 1. Ba2+方法：先加稀硝酸，再+Na2SO4，产生白色BaSO4沉淀，且沉淀不溶于稀硝酸。 2. Ag+方法：先加稀硝酸，再+NaCl，生成白色AgCl沉淀，不溶于稀HNO3 3. NH4+与NaOH浓溶液反应，并加热，放出使湿润的红色石蓝试纸变蓝的有刺激性气味NH3气体。 4. Fe3+与KSCN溶液反应，变成血红色Fe(SCN)3，或与NaOH反应，生成红褐色Fe(OH)3沉淀。 分散系及其分类 1. 在1nm～100nm之间的分散系称为胶体，这是胶体与溶液，浊液的本质区别。 ①丁达尔效应—用于鉴别胶体和溶液。②常见胶体：Fe(OH)3胶体、淀粉溶液、雾、墨水、豆浆、血等 离子反应 1. 电离方程式书写 H2SO4 = 2H+ + SO42-；HCl = H+ + Cl-；KCl == K＋+ Cl-；Na2SO4 == 2 Na＋+SO42- NaHSO4 == Na＋+ H＋+SO42-；NaHCO3 == Na＋+ HCO3- 2．电解质与非电解质 ①电解质：在水溶液里或熔化状态下能够导电的化合物。【请记住】酸、碱、盐，H2O，NH3.H2O等属于电解质 ②非电解质：在水溶液里和熔融状态下都不导电的化合物，如蔗糖、酒精，CO2，NH3等。 特别提醒： ①SO2、NH3、CO2的水溶液虽然能导电，但它们属于非电解质。所以导电不能作为判断电解质的依据。 4. 强酸、强碱、绝大多数盐、活泼金属氧化物（如CaO）属于强电解质（完全电离） 5. 弱酸、弱碱、极少数盐、水属于弱电解质 ※离子方程式的书写注意事项: 常见的错误： （1）弱酸、弱碱、气体、.氧化物、单质在不能拆。如：NaOH溶液中通入CH3COOH：CH3COOH＋OH- = CH3COO-＋H2O，而不是OH-＋H+＝H2O （2）Fe与HCl，H2SO4反应：Fe＋H+＝2 Fe3+＋3H2正确：Fe＋H+＝2 Fe2+＋3H2 （3）没配平：如：FeCl2溶液中通Cl2：Fe2+＋Cl2＝Fe3+＋2Cl－还有记得气体，沉淀符号 第1页共4页
人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理
必修一 Unit 4 Earthquake Section A&B&C
11.burst ?v.(使)爆裂；(使)膨胀；爆发；burst-burst-burst The water pipe cracked and burst. ?n.突发，爆发 ?There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 ?v.猛冲；突然出现 ?He burst into the room without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了房间。 【拓展】 ●burst into+名词=burst out doing 突然...起来 ?burst into tears=burst out crying 突然哭起来/ burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然笑起来●burst in闯进 ●be bursting with充满；爆满 ?The roads are bursting with cars.车辆把那些道路挤满了。 ● a burst of (突然)一阵 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/034801409.html,lion百万 【用法】one million一百万several million几百万 a dozen million一千两百万millions of+名词几百万... 【其他数字用法】tens of thousands of...数以万计的... hundreds of thousands of...几十万 【其他表示数字的词】dozen一打(十二) score(二十) 13.event n. (1)事件；(尤指)大事 ●current/the latest events当前事件/最新事件 (2)(体育比赛等的)项目，赛事 ●one of the major sporting events of the year年度重大体育赛事之一 【辨析】 event 重要事件；比赛项目The Asian Games were one of the major sporting events of the year.亚运会是年度重大体育赛事之一。accident 偶然或意外发生的不幸事情Over 70,000 people are seriously injured every year in road accidents.每年在道路事故中受伤的人有七万多。 incident ①小事件或附带事件 ②政治上有影响的事件或事变The incident was noticed in a magazine.这一事件在一份杂志里出现了。 14.think highly/much of sb. 重视，高度评价 think little/nothing of sb.几乎不考虑；对...不重视，忽视 think ill of认为...不好，说...坏话think well of 认为...好，器重 15.as if=as though+句子“好像even if= even though+句子“尽管” 【注意】(1)as if/though引导表语从句： 陈述语气：接近事实 一般过去时：与现在/将来事实相反
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