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英语专四资料

英语专四资料
英语专四资料

英语专业四级考前快速复习

语法词汇

集体名词作主语主谓一致

1)通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等,通常作复数,用复数动词。如:

Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词,如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。 The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如: A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

近义词辨析

tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn-out

这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。

exhausted 表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

fatigued 所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。

He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪,不想说一句话。

weary 语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。

worn out 这个词不太正式,多用于口语。

The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

Test Two

关于used to的意义和用法used to (只有过去时形式,没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态,这种情况现已不复存在。例如:

He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.

在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中,用didn’t use to或usedn’t to 均可:

He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.

He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.

Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?

Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre?

在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式:

Used you to go to the same school as Edward?

Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?

近义词辨析

use, apply, avail, employ, utilize

这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。

use强调利用人或物作为工具。

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料,花光了一切钱财。

Apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论,还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西,或使别人为自己提供服务。

I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。

We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。

employ指使用未被利用的东西;用于人时表示雇用。

He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。

utilize指充分发挥某物的作用,使无用的东西变有用,或使人或物有新用途。

She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。

Test Three

关于dare的意义和用法

作为情态动词表示“胆敢”,dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如:

I dare not go there.

How dare he say such rude things about me?

dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式,其否定式为daren’t,既可指现在时间,也可指过去时间。例如:

Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.

dare还可用主动词,随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如:

He does not dare (to) answer.

Does she dare (to) go there alone?

近义词辨析

besides, but, except, except for

这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。

besides “除…外,还有…”,指更进一步的拥有,包括所“除”事物在内。

Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?

but不包括所引事物在内,多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用

He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人,只能怪他自己。

except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all, everyone, everything等连用,但不可用于句首。

They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。

except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外,整体情况尚属理想,被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。

The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外,路面很空旷。

关系代词that的用法

1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如:

They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.

2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如:

He is the best student that I have ever met.

3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中,和相应的疑问句中。如:

What is it that he wants?

4)在only, all, little的后面

This is all that I know.

5)在no, every, some和any等词后面,也包括在它们的复合词在内。如:

There is no person that is always in the right.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

近义词辨析beautiful, good-looking, handsome, lovely, pretty

这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。Beautiful指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐,而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦,在同类词中层次最高。

She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。

good-looking 不如handsome, pretty意思强烈,指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。

That good-looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。 handsome 通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求,但不激发更深层的感受。

He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。

lovely比感官的快乐更进一步,是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦,指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。

Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。 pretty也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影响力的事物,多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长,使人容易接受并喜爱。

Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。

Test Five

be+不定式结构

表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如:

There’s to be an investigation.

I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.

这一结构常见于报纸和广播,用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如:

The Queen is to visit Japan next year.

二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:

You are to stand here. Do you understand?

Tell her she’s not to be back late.

一般现在时也可表达将来时间,常见于条件状

语和时间状语从句。例如:

If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it.

Wait here till the meeting is over.

It won’t be long before the rain stops.

近义词辨析

begin, commence, initiate, launch, start

这组词均含有“开始”的意思。

在这组词中最常用,泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start 用得较多。

The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。

commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.

The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。

initiate指进程中的第一步,与何时停止或结束没有关系。 The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。

launch指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动,行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。

The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。

Start与stop构成反义用法,指从一特定地点出发,由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin。

They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。

Test Six

有关否定

1)通常作复数的集体名词

1)双重否定最常见的形式有:

no(not)...but...没有……不……

no(not)...without...没有……不,除……不

no(not)...unless没有……就不……

not...until直到……才……

例如:There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。

2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时,意为“无论怎样也不过分”,“越…越”。例如: You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。

We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。

近义词辨析

break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash

这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

break是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。

If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。

crack 指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。

You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。

crush 强调挤压或踩的动作,毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构,或变形,或成小块,或可恢复原状。

To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物,力大到使碎片飞出很远,常指整件东西完全被毁。

The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃。

smash 突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。

He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。

形容词层迭修饰时的顺序

几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时,其词序一般按下列顺序排列:限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。例如:

the town’s charming old English church

a well-known German medical school

the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings

近义词辨析

bother, disturb, trouble, worry

这组词均含有“不停地烦扰他人或搞得某人心神不宁”的意思。

bother 和disturb常用于主动和被动两种形式中。用于被动时,bother指常受到时有时无的小事的烦扰。用于主动时,bother的意思比disturb强,带有故意打扰他人的意思。

If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你归还我的书后,我就不打扰你了。

disturb用于被动形式时,意思比bother强烈,有时甚至可指精神错乱。用在主动形式时,意思最弱,指某人无意中打扰他人,这种打扰行为并非存心冲着他人去的。 The man was mentally disturbed.这个人精神错乱了。

trouble和worry主要用于被动,指被某事搞得心神不宁。 trouble比worry稍正式些,指麻烦别人一件事而影响他人舒适、方便、效率、健康或心境的平静等。

May I trouble you for the book?麻烦您把书递给我好吗? worry

主要指因对某事的结果没有把握而焦虑不安,还可指某人沉浸在软弱无助的情绪或思虑中。

Worrying about your health can make you sick.经常担心你的健康,会使你生病的。

except指的是除去同类的事物,且常用于否定句;besides是包含在内的,除了;in addition to 也是包括在内;except for 是除了不同类的事物。

appeal to 意为“有感染力,有吸引力”;look into 意为“调

查,观察”;give rise to意为“引起,导致”;go in for意为“爱好;从事,参与”。

eminently 意为“突出地;明显地”;chiefly意为“主要地;大部分”;correctly意为“正确地”,currently意为“现时,当前”。

Test Eight

It is the first time +that 分句

在“It is/was/will be the first time+that 分句”结构中,当主句动词为is/will be时,that 分句动词一律用现在完成体,引导词that可以省略。例如:

It is the first time I’ve been here.

Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public.

当主句动词为was时,that 分句动词通常用过去完成体。例如:

It was the first time she’d been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.

近义词辨析

fast, hasty, quick, rapid, speedy, swift

这组词均含有“迅速的”,“快捷的”的意思。

fast

强调速度快,且保持不变;又指钟表的时间超过准确的时间。

We took a fast train to Beijing.我们坐快车来北京。

hasty

指匆忙、急促,涉及因此而引起的慌乱、疏漏。

Don’t arrive at hasty conclusions.别匆忙下结论。

quick

强调动作、行为发生得突然且持续时间短。指人时,暗示聪明、领悟快。

The tiger took a quick leap at the sheep.老虎猛地向羊扑去。 rapid

指就整个过程来讲速度快,但并不一定指这一过程的速度始终均匀不变。

The growth of the economy has been rapid in recent years.近年来,经济增长速度很快。

speedy

指人处理问题迅速或物体运转速度快。

His accusations brought a speedy denial.他的指控马上遭到了否认。

swift

与fast和quick同义,但带有文学色彩。

Eagles are swift in flight.鹰飞得很快。

manipulative 意为“操作的;控制的”;manufacture意为“制造”;manipulate意为“操纵”;manifest意为“显然的;明了的”。

lose track of 意为“失去与…的联系;失去…的线索”;trace 意为“痕迹,遗迹”;trail 意“踪迹;臭迹;足迹”;touch 意为“接触”。

patch意为“补缀;修补”;mend意为“修理;修补”,比如鞋;repair意为“修理;修复”,比如机器;pitch意为“投;掷;扔”。

respectful意为“尊敬的;恭敬的”;respective意为“各自的,分别的”;respect是名词,意为“尊敬”;respectable意为“可敬的”。

account for意为“解释;说明”;count for意为“值,计”;look up意为“查检”;check up意为“核实”。

delicate意为“需要小心处理的,棘手的”;sharp意为“尖刻的,辛辣的”;dreadful意为“遭透的,非常讨厌的”;intense 意为“强烈的,剧烈的”。

absorb意为“吸收”;skip意为“使(石片)跳跃着擦过水面”;soak意为“把…浸湿”;retrieve意为“使恢复;使再生”。 notify意为“通知;报告”;signify意为“象征,预示”;communicate意为“传达,传递”;impart意为“告诉;传授”。

Test Nine

动词后接不定式或动名词

有些动词或词组如admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接动名词。例如:

I enjoy playing football.

I don’t mind sleeping with the door open.

有些动词如stop, remember, forget, try, mean等接不定式或动名词做宾语,意思各不相同。

try doing sth试试看(没有付诸的行动)

try to do尽力去做(已有行动)

mean doing sth意味着

mean to do sth打算

近义词辨析

change, alter, convert, modify, vary

这组词均含有“变化”的意思。

change

最常用,指任何一种变化过程,但多用于指某人或某物发生根本性转变,失去了原来的身份特征,前后完全不同。 Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦劳作使她变了很多。

alter

指对人或事物的某些特征进行某种程度的更改,但并没有使人或事物的性质发生根本改变。

She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不请裁缝把衣服改一下。

convert

指使事物的条件、性质、功能等发生重要改变、转换、或转化。

Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to convert salt water to fresh water.科学家在努力寻找将海水淡化的更廉价的方法。 modify

指在较小的范围内进行形式上的修改或调整。

They have to modify the terms of their lease.他们不得不修改租赁条款。

vary

可以指仅仅改变事物的外观,也可指使事物的内在性质发生变化,通常是在同一组事物中将一种情形改变为另一种情形。

She varies the program each month to make it more attractive.每个月她都对节目做些变动,使它更吸引人。

let alone意为“更不必说”;not to mention意为“再加上”;that is to say意为“也就是说”。bus conductor意为“公共汽车售票员”;agent意为“代理人,中介人”;officer意为“军官,官员”;inspector意为“检查员,视察员”。

apart from是包含在内的“除了”;excepr for和except that是不包含在内的除了;but for意为“要不是”。

take up意为“采纳(观点)”;take over意为“接收,接管,占据”;take on 意为“承担”;take to意为“喜欢上”。

take offence意为“对…生气”;protection意为“保护”;defense 意为“防卫”;guard意为“看守;警戒”。

surplus意为“剩余,剩余额”;sufficiency意为“足量,充足”;surpass是动词excess意为“超过”。

ingenious意为“(方法等)巧妙的;制作精巧的;bright意为“聪明的,机灵的”;clever意为“头脑机敏的,伶俐的”;brilliant 意为“才华横溢的,有才能的”。

coherent意为“连贯的,紧凑的”;inherent意为“内在的,固有的”;logical意为“逻辑的”;corporate意为“社团的,法人的”。

grievous意为“极痛苦的”;hysterical意为“情绪暴躁不能控制的”;gracious意为“亲切的,有礼的”;sensible意为“明白事理的;合情理的”。专四高频词汇整理

1.detect发觉.【化学】检定

be detected in (doing) …做(坏事等)被发觉

perceive 由(视觉,听觉)理解意识到

spot 弄脏污辱侦察【军事】眼睛看出,辨认出

discern 辨别,分清认出察觉出特指用眼睛看见,用智慧察觉,从心理认识理解

2. take in 接受理解吸收接待

take over 接管接收

take on 呈现披上具有

take to 开始喜欢沉溺于

She took over the company as a chief

.No organization was able to or willing to take on the job.

They have taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm these days.

3. desist 停止做…休想断念

You had better desist. 你最好打消念头吧

resist 抵制反抗抗拒I can never resist strawberries and cream. 我一看见奶油草莓就非吃不可

insist on sth/doing sth

I will have another glass if you insist. 你硬要劝我,我只好再喝一杯I insist on his innocence. 我坚认他无罪persist in sth/doing sth 坚持固执persist in working when ill 病中坚持工作persists in his bad habit. 他坚决不改他的坏习惯

4.recess n. (议会的)休会(期间) 休息the noon recess 午休at recess 在休息时间

vt 使凹进;把…搁在深处,隐藏

vi 〔美国〕(暂时)休会,休课,休庭

excess n. .过量超过数量adj 额外的an excess of exports [imports] 出[入]超

an excess of supply over demand 供过于求

process n. 步骤过程作用方法

v.加工处理

the process of growth 生长过程

in (the) process of 在…的过程中(in process of construction 正在建筑中)

access n. 接近通路入门

gain access to 接近;会见give access to 接见

be easy [hard, difficult] of access 容易[难]接近的access and recess (病的)发作和静止

know better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型,意为“应该知道不该做某事”

You should know better than to leave your little sister at home by herself.

might as well后接动词原形,意为“不妨,何不”

As the train will not leave until one hour later, we may as well

grab a bite at the snack bar.

mislay意为“把……放错地方”;misuse意为“错用滥用”;mishandle意为“瞎弄,胡乱操作”;mistake意为“误选”

in terms of意为“从……方面来说”;concerning意为“关于”;as to也是“关于;至于”;in the light of 意为“鉴于,由于”call for意为“要求,需要”;call on意为“号召,请求”;call up意为“使人想起”;call off意为“取消,停止做”。

a point of honor意为“涉及名誉的事情”;in one’s honor意为“为某人的荣誉”;on one’s honor意为“以名誉担保”;an honor意为“光荣的人或事”

on the market意为“上市,出售”;fair意为“集市;庙会;交易会”;shop是“商店”;store是“储存;仓库”。establishment 意为“企业,设施(公司,学校,医院,教会等)”;settlement 意为“定居点;殖民地”;construction意为“建造;建筑物”;structure是“结构,构造”

indifferent意为“漠不关心的”;adverse意为“不利的,反对的”;anonymous 意为“匿名的”;casual意为“非正式的,不拘礼节的”

fire escape 意为“防火安全楼梯(位于楼房的外侧面)”;ladder 意为“梯子”;steps意为“台阶”;stairs意为“楼梯”,指室内的。

exhausted 意为“精疲力竭的”;unhealthy意为“不健康的”;upset意为“苦恼的,不适的”;fearful 意为“担心的,可怕的”。

interruption 意为“中止,中断”;pause 意为“暂停,间歇”;break意为“停顿,间歇”;breakdown意为“损坏,故障”。He did me a good turn by lending me ten pounds.

【难点】当turn为“行为,举止”时,常与good,bad,ill,evil 连用。do sb. a good turn意为“做利于某人的事”。

reward意为“报答;奖赏”;award意为“奖;奖品”;result 意为“结果”;consequence意为“后果

scatter意为“散布,撒播”;scratch意为“搔,抓”;spread 意为“传播;使蔓延”,burn意为“燃烧”。

The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth water 【难点】wet 意为“湿的”;water意为“流口水”;soak意为“浸湿”;taste意为“品尝”。

technical意为“技术的,技能的”;technological 意为“技术学的,工艺学的”;technique意为“技术,技能”,是名词;technology意为“技术(学),工艺(学)”,也是名词。? 【难点】in terms of 意为“用…的话,以…措辞”;by means of 意为“借着”;in connection with 意为“与…相关联,关于”;by way of “经过…,经由…”。

【难点】look out意为“向外看”;look around意为“环顾”;look up意为“抬头望,查检”;look on意为“旁观”。

【难点】fragile 意为“脆弱的,虚弱的,易碎的”;crisp意为“脆的,新鲜而脆生的”;brittle意为“易碎的,易损坏的”;delicate意为“脆的,娇贵的”。

abidevi.坚持, 遵守vt.忍受, 容忍

专四高频词汇

1. America n.美利坚合众国,美洲总频率22次。

2.Africa n.非洲(略为Afr.)总频率6次。

3.Canada ?n.? 加拿大

4.propaganda ?n.? ①ideas, false or true information, etc. spread about officially, esp. by a government宣传,传播②organs for propaganda宣传机构褒义贬义,体会明细!? propaganda作“宣传、广告”讲时常常带有贬义。

【作者建议】此词常含贬义,不可滥用。

5.panda ?n.? a large bearlike animal with black and white fur, originally from China 大熊猫

6.agenda n. things to be done; business to be discussed at a meeting (会议)议程,日程,待议事项总频率1次。

构词有法,扩散记忆!?

词根ag意思为“做”(do, act),-end是名词后缀,-a表示复数。ag做+-end名词后缀+-a复数→agenda→things to be done待做的事项→会议上待议的事项→议事日程。-a表示复数以-a结尾的词:phenomena现象(复数)→phenomenon现象(单数);data 资料(复数)→datumn资料(单数)

【典型例句】Now, let’s come to item No.5 on the agenda. 现在让我们讨论议事日程上的第五项。

7.soda ?n.?

①chemical substance in common use, a compound of sodium苏打②soda?water苏打水,汽水

8.idea ?n.? a plan, thought, or suggestion for a possible course of action计划,主意,念头

总频率27次,词汇频率1次。

【典型例句】Somebody had the bright idea of recording the meeting. 有人想出了为会议录音的好主意。?

【常用词组】have no idea不知道,无能为力/not one’s idea of 对…无想法/put ideas in someone’s head使某人存奢望。

9.plea ?n.? ①an eager or serious request恳求,请求②an excuse辩解,托词

【典型例句】Their plea of national poverty rings a little hollow.他们关于国家贫困的托辞听上去有些空洞。

【常用词组】cop a plea承认有罪以求轻判

10.pea n.? a round green seed, used for food豌豆

【常用词组】as like as two peas一模一样

11.area n. ①surface measure, extent of surface面积②part of the earth’s surface; region地区,地域

总频率28次,词汇频率1次。

12.sea ?n.? expanse of salt water th at covers most of the earth’s surface and encloses its continents

and islands; any part of this海,洋总频率24次。

音同义异,最需注意!?

sea和see可以一起记忆,发音相同,但意思不同,由sea 可联想到river,ocean,seabed,coast,seasick,seaman等词。

【常用词组】by sea乘船,由海路/ on the sea在海边,临海/ at sea在海上,茫然,迷惑/ a sea of

一大片,大量的/ follow the sea当海员,做水手

13.nausea ?n.? feeling of sickness (esp as caused by bad food) or disgust; seasickness作呕,恶心,晕船

14.tea ?n.? ①evergreen shrub grown in China, India, etc.茶叶

②drink made by pouring boiling water o

n these leaves茶③a small meal, usu. served in the afternoon with a cup of tea午后茶点总频率2次。

抓住词干,记住一串!?

与tea有关的词:tea green茶绿色;teakettle茶壶;tea?strainer 滤茶器;tea tray茶盘;teaspoon茶匙

15.sofa ?n.? large comfortable padded seat with raised arms and back, wide enough for two or more people沙发

16.encyclopadia/?encyclopedia n.? book, or set of books, giving information about every branch of knowledge or on subject, with articles in ABC order.百科全书

17.India ?n.? the country of Indian印度总频率1次。

18.Australia n.澳大利亚,大洋洲总频率4次。Austra.

19.Oceania ?n.? the islands of the central and south Pacific, including Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and some times Australasia and the Malay Archipelago大洋洲

20.pneumonia n.? a serious disease of the lungs with inflammation and difficulty in breathing肺炎

21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理

22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;

29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的余地.

30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.

31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意

35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.

37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.

38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.

39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计

40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;

all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.

41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.

42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.

44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.

45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for

46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用.

49. apply to 与…有关;适用

50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准

51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.

52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…

53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);

54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻

55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trustin sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.

56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系,结

57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…

58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料

59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法

60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果

61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均

62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.

63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面

64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.

65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)

68. be based on / upon 基于

69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上

70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢

71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)

72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义

73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.

74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.

75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)

76. for the better 好转

77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.

78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生

79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上

80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)

101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然

102. for a change换换环境(花样等)

103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…

104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事)

in the charge of …由…管

105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾)

106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…

107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地108. commit oneself to 使自己承担…commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a co comment on 评论

109. mmittee 把某事交给委员会讨论

110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用.

be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的

111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好.

112. compare…with …把…与…比较

113. compare…to…把…比作…

114. by comparison 比较起来

115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来

116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补

117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从

119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心

121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关

122. concern oneself about / with 关心

123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时;

124. condemn sb. to 判决

125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如.in that = because 因为;now that = since 既然for all that = although 尽管

126. in / out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit) 健康状况好/不好. in good (bad) condition 处于良好(坏)状态

127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认;confess to a crime 承认罪行.

128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖

129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心

130. confidence in sb. / sth. 对…的信赖

131. be confident of 有信心;

confidential 机密的

132. confine…to…把…限制在某范围内

133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)

134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做

135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临

136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺

137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道

139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意

140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果

141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果

142. under consideration 在考虑中

143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于

144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不

145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把…考虑进去

146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的

147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致

148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的, 149. consult sb. on/ about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教

150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快

151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事

152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反

153. on the contrary 相反

154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)

155. in contrast to/with 和…形成对比by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于

157. under control (被)控制住out of control无法控制

158. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点. be convenient to / for 对…方便159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…

160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信163. correspond to 相当于. correspond with 符合,一致

164. at all costs不惜任何代价. at the cost of 以…为代价

165. a matter of course 理所当然的事

166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地

167. in (during) the course 在…过程中

168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候

169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit 使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣

170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的

171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172.a danger to 对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止

174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to 可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)

175. deal with (=concern) 论及

176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债

177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加

178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴

to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;

179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐

181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时

183. be dependent on 依靠

184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物

185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于

186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望

187. in despair 绝望

188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管

189. in detail 详细地

190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办

191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食

192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…

193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,

194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除

195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退;in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪

196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列

197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉

198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中

200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出

201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开

204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压

205. have…to do with 与…有关系

206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地

207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于

209. come off duty 下班

210. go on duty 上班

211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时

212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做) 213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱

215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力

216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话

217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然

218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力

219. at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束

220. put sb. at his / her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束

221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响

223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效

224. go into effect 生效. ( 近: come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect)

225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上

226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果

228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效

229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…

230. to that effect 是那个意思的…

231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等)

232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事

235. on end (=continuously) 连续地

236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了

237. no end of (=very many/much) 很多,大量

238. in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终

239. at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to do or to say) 无法可想, 智穷计尽

240. end up with 以…而结束241. come to and end (=finish) 结束

242. end in 以…为结束

243. engage in 或be engaged in 忙于,从事

244. enter for (=put the name on a list for) 报名参加

245. enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等)

246. enter on / upon (=begin) 开始(一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等) 247. be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格…

248. be equal to 等于

249. be/ feel equal to (=have enough strength, ability etc.) (某人)能胜任,能应付

on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地

250. be equipped with 装备有,装有

251. (be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning) 相等于, 相当于

252. in essence (=in its/one’s nature) 本质上

253. at all events (=in spite of everything, in any case) 不论怎样, 无论如何254. in any event (=whatever happens in the future) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样

255. in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用)

256. in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时

257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..

258. except (=but) 除了。

259. except for (=apart from) 除…以外

260. (an) exception to …的例外

261. with the exception of (=except, apart from) 除去…., 除…以外

262. in excess of (=more than) 超过

263. exchange…for 以…交换

264. exclusive of (=not taking into account; without) 不包括265. in excuse of 作为…的借口

266. exert…on…对…施加…

267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲

268. come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;

269. (be) in existence存在come into existence 出现

270. expect…of 在…期望…

271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲

272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险)

273. be exposed to…面临…, 受到….

274. beyond expression (=in a manner that cannot be expressed) 无法形容, 说不出的

275. give expression to 表达, 表现

find expression in 表现

276. to …extent 在…程度上

277. in the extreme (= extremely) 极其

278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量(某人)

279. close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见

280. in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中

281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间282. keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视

283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes ( = in the judgment of ) 在某人看来, 在某人眼里

284. on the face of it (=judging by what one can see) 表面看来285. in the face of 面对着(困难等情况)

286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向

287. fail in (=be unsuccessful in) 失败

288. in good faith(=honestly, sincerely) 真诚地

289. keep faith with 对…守信用

290. lose faith in 对…失去信心

291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地

292. faithful to (=loyal to) 对…忠诚

293. fall into the habit (of) 养成…习惯

294. fall short of (=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.) 没达到, 低于

295. familiar with 熟悉,了解

296. have a fancy for ( =like sth. without the help of reason) (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要297. take a fancy to (=become fond of) 喜欢

298. by far 远, 非常(与比较级或最高级连用)

299. far from 远远不是

300. far from 非但不…(而且)

301. in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行

302. after the fashion (of) 依照…

303. find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病,对…吹毛求疵

304. at fault (=in the wrong, blamable)有错

305. in favour of 赞成

306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱; out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠

307. in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对.有利

308. (be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的

309. fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.) 为…担心310. for fear of (=in case of; because of anxiety about) 以防, 由于怕

311. in fear of (=afraid for the safety of) 担心

312. feed (sb.) on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养313. be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull) 厌烦, 腻了

314. feel like (=have a desire for) 想要

315. fill in 填写316. fill out ( =fill in )填写

317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth. remarkable)有突出成就

318. play with fire (=take great risks)干冒险事

319. set sth. on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火320. at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见

321. for the first time 第一次(作状语)

322. in the first place 首先, 第一323. fit into 刚好放入

324. fit in with ( = suit , fall into agreement) 合适, 相配, 一致

325. (be) fit for (=right and suitable for) 适合

326. focus on (=concentrate on) 集中在…上focus sth. on 把…集中在…上

327. be fond of 喜欢

328. (be) in force 有效, 实施

329. hiver (冷&恐惧)哆嗦战栗

quaver (特指声音)颤抖颤抖着说[唱]

tremble (因恐怖、忧虑等)战栗,焦虑,担心(at; for) quiver (人、叶、声、光等)轻微地颤抖,震颤,抖动,颤动

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