第十二讲 动词的语态

·语法讲座第十二讲动词的语态

动词的语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。

feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

12.1 let 的用法

1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.

2）若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.

----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

12.2 短语动词的被动语态

短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.

Such a thing has never been heard of before..

12.3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that…据说

It is reported that… 据报道

It is believed that…大家相信

It is hoped that…大家希望

It is well known that… 众所周知

It is th ought that…大家认为

It is suggested that…据建议

It is taken granted that…被视为当然

It has been decided that… 大家决定

It must be remember that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

12.4 不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste,

turn

It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：

die, death, dream, live, life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

12.5 主动形式表示被动意义

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, f eel, draw, write, sell, drive…

The book sells well.这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某

人做某事)。

12.6 被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied

(in), get marries

He is graduated from a famous university.

他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.

He got married to a rich girl.

12.7 need/want/require/worth

注意：当need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

典型例题

The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.

A. cleaning

B. be cleaned

C. clean

D. being cleaned

答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。

典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时)。

高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态

高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998

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【英语】 动词被动语态考点解析(Word版附答案)

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高考英语语法填空——动词的时态和语态专题

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2018届中考英语专题复习专题十二动词的语态考点综合集训含解析

专题十二动词的语态 Ⅰ.根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.As soon as he was_______ (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news. 2.The decision to set up a No Homework Day every week is _______ (welcome) by all the students. 3.We are sure that PM 2.5 will be _______ (control) if we work together to solve the pollution problem. 4.Though drivers are _______ (ask) not to drink wine before driving, some of them still break the law. 5.Look at my scarf. It’s so smooth. I bought it during my trip to France, but it was _______ (make) in China. 6.A football match between Class Two and Class Three will be _______ (hold)tomorrow afternoon. 7.The geography teacher said that nearly three quarters of the earth is _______ (cover) with water. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0516036490.html,st year many of his short stories were _______ (translate)into some foreign languages. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0516036490.html,ually, books for children are _______ (write) in simple languages. 10.I’m glad to find that many trees w ere _______ (plant) in our city last year. Ⅱ.语法与情景对话 1.—How beautiful these pictures are! —Really?They _______ during my stay in Europe last year. A. are taken B. were taken C. will be taken D. have been taken 2.［2017龙东地区改编］The number of the old people is increasing in China. With the development of China, they _______ better care of in the future. A. will take B. are taken C. will be taken D. take 3.［2017宜昌］—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety _______ into use last month. —Can you tell me what they are? A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put 4.［2017河南］—Why are you leaving your job? —I can’t stand it any longer. I _______ always _______ to work overtime. A. am; asking B. am; asked C. was; asking D. was; asked 5.［2017重庆A卷］This picture _______ by my cousin last year. A. draws B. drew C. is drawn D. was drawn 6.［2017襄阳］The 24th Winter Olympic Games _______ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th. A. is going to hold B. hold C. will be held D. was held 7.［2017西宁］—I want to teach in the poor countryside of Qinghai when I graduate from the college.

【英语】英语动词被动语态练习题含答案及解析

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高英语二轮复习 专题限时训练(十一) 动词的时态与语态配套作业(一)(解析版)

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(课标版)云南省2018年中考英语总复习 第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十二 动词的语态试题

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动词被动语态讲解

模块八动词的被动语态 (1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态； 如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。 主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。 在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 (2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动 词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可 (1) 被动语态的用法： ①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省 略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故) This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的) ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻) A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里

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2020年中考专题复习 12.专题十二 动词的语态

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动词被动语态1

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汉英翻译第十讲时与体第九讲练习讲评 本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面，假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人，从这个世界拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡：他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀，像铅一样沉重，压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。 One has but one life to live and, naturally, it is treasured by all. However, if one is dedicated to the cause of the people, if he does something every day for the world, he is living and, though eventually he will die, the cause he lives for—the cause of the

people will never die. In other words, he will gain a sense of “eternal youth” As for the one who lives his life like a floating cloud, he takes a lot from the world but gives little in return. Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness that he will find himself deprived of the energy to “take”. The n the grief caused by age and impotence will make him feel as if he was heavily loading a piece of lead in the mind. How fast youth goes! 人的生命只有一次，人们视为无价之宝，爱惜它，重视它。这是人之常情。可是等待生活的态度千差万别。归纳起来，不外乎两大类：一，有人感到生命宝贵而短暂，将生命溶化在大众的事业里面，天天在为这世界干事业，领略到了“永久的年轻”的感觉；二，有人感到生命宝贵而短暂，感到“浮生如梦”，沉迷于享受，懒惰与工作，从这个世界拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少，可是持这种生活态度的人，总有一天会觉得疲

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2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）

一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes