旅游管理英语(姚宝荣)1~6单元翻译
Unit 1 The Sunshine Industry
Translate into Chinese.
1）Unlike physical “products”, say a car, you can never “test drive” a tourism product, say a destination. Decisions whether your client is going to buy your product or not have always been based on information and word of mouth.
与物理的“产品”不一样，例如汽车，你永远不能“试驾”旅游产品，比如目的地。决定你的客户是否会购买你的产品或不一直购买，已经是基于信息和口碑。
3) Consumers now have many more choices because the Internet gives more
providers more opportunities to create direct consumer relationships and allows a wide variety of pricing.
现在的消费者有更多的选择，因为互联网让更多的供应商有更多的机会去创造与消费者的直接关系，并且允许各种各样的定价。
5) The most important question is not whether the new technology will replace the
traditional ways of booking holidays, but rather how quickly this transition will occur.
最重要的问题不在于新技术是否将取代传统的预订度假的方式，而是这种转变如何迅速发生。
Translate into English
1) 尽管网络经济发展迅速，但网上营销观念还没有被中国的广大旅游企业所接
受。网上促销、网上预订，尤其是网上结算，对许多旅游企业来说还是陌生的。
Although the Internet economy has developed rapidly, online marketing concept has not been accepted by all the tourism enterprises of China. Online promotion and online booking, especially online settlement, is strange for many tourism enterprises.
3) 旅游电子商务的前景相当广阔，尤其在酒店和机票这两个领域。网络经济的
优势就在于它不需要库存，一切都可以通过电话和鼠标完成。
Tourism electronic commerce has bright prospects, especially in the two areas of the hotel and air ticket. The advantage of the network economy is that it doesn't need to inventory; everything can be done by telephone and mouse.
4）自1978年实行改革开放以来，我国旅游业取得了迅速发展，旅游设施和交通有了改进，不少历史名胜风景胜地均得到修复。旅游业已经成为我国第三产业的一个重要组成部分。
Since 1978 since the implementation of reform and opening up, China's tourism industry has made rapid development, tourism facilities and traffic has improved, many historical scenic resorts were repaired. Tourism has become an important part of the third industry in china.
Unit 2 Tourist Transportation
Translate into Chinese.
1)No smoking will be permitted until the captain turns off the “No Smoking” sign,
and at no time is smoking permitted in the lavatories.
禁止吸烟将会被允许直到机长关闭“禁止吸烟”的标志，并且决不允许在洗手间内吸烟。
3)Clearly marked lavatories are located throughout the passenger cabin. Toiletries
such as lotion and aftershave are available for use by our passengers. Please do not dispose of paper towels, plastic cups, or empty toothpaste tubes in the toilet bowl. These items should be thrown away in the designated trash bin next to the sink.
清楚标明厕所位于整个客舱。化妆品如乳液和须后水可以被我们的乘客使用。
请不要将纸巾，塑料杯，或空的牙膏扔到马桶里。这些东西应该被丢弃在指定的垃圾桶旁边的水池中。
5)We obtain world-renowned products directly from the manufacturers and sell
them at very low prices and duty-free on our flight. Please check the brochure in your seat pocket.
我们直接从制造商那儿获得世界著名的产品并且用非常低的价格出售他们，并且我们的航班免税。请检查您的座椅口袋的小册子。
Translate into English
1)几乎所有的机场都有一个共同点，那就是距离所在的城市较远，乘客常常要
话几十分钟到一个小时甚至更多的时间才能到达机场。
Almost all airports have one thing in common, that is far from the city, passengers often spend dozens minutes to an hour or more time to get to the airport.
2)除了私家车，乘客还可以乘坐公共交通工具到机场，但公共汽车和地铁较为
不便，尤其在当乘客携带了大量行李的情况下，出租车的费用又较高，因此，有很多航空公司开通了巴士服务，专门将客人接送到机场。
In addition to private cars, passengers can take public transportation to the airport, but the bus and subway more inconvenience, especially in the case of when passengers carrying a large amount of luggage, the cost of the taxi and higher, therefore, there are many airlines launched a bus service, dedicated to the guest shuttle to the airport.
4）机场安检集中探测武器、爆炸物和化学物品等，但也阻止未经授权人员进入控制区。
Airport security detects weapons, explosives and chemicals etc. and prevent unauthorized personnel into the control area.
Unit 3 Tour Operators
Translate into Chinese.
1)Travel may be one of the several means of satisfying a need, and although needs
are felt by us, we do not necessarily express them, and we may not recognize how travel actually satisfies our particular needs.
旅行可能是满足需要的几种方式之一，虽然需要是我们的感受，我们不一定要表达出来，我们可能没有意识到实际上的旅行怎么满足我们的特殊需要。
2)Before anyone can choose to undertake a holiday, they must become aware of the
destinations from which they can choose, and obtain information about these destinations.
在任何人可以选择进行一个假期之前，他们必须意识到他们可以选择的目的地，并获得关于这些目的地的信息。
Translate into English
2) 旅游批发商成功经营的关键因素之一就是制定合理的价格。旅游产品的价格
必须符合市场的需求，必须比其他同类产品的价格更具竞争力。
Tourism wholesaler’s management one of the key factors to success is to set reasonable prices. Tourism product price must conform to the demand of the market, must be more competitive price than other similar products.
5）旅游批发商认识到海外旅游市场的巨大潜力，致力于提高市场占有率，同时为开拓市场，还积极鼓励国内旅游者到海外旅行。
Tourism wholesalers to realize overseas tourist market of huge potential, working to improve market share, to expand the market, at the same time also actively encourage domestic tourists to travel abroad.
Unit 4 Travel Agents
Translate into Chinese.
1)Travel agents may specialize not only in the selection of products they offer, but in
the markets they serve. The clearest distinction is between those that focus on business travel and those that concentrate on leisure travel.
旅行社可能不仅专门在他们所提供的生产产品中选择，而且还有他们的市场服务。最明显的区别是在那些专注于商务旅行和专注于休闲旅游之间。
5）Probably no people except the starving take food as seriously as the French do. The French notion of eating is a linear progression from a spicy appetizer through fish, flesh meat, salad, cheese, fruit, sweet, and coffee.
可能除了饥饿时吃东西，像法国一样认真吃的没有人。法国概念吃是线性发展的从辛辣开胃品到鱼，新鲜的肉，沙拉，奶酪，水果，甜，和咖啡。
1)地中海沿岸的阳光，沙滩和温和的气候每年吸引着大批的游客涌向西班牙和
法国的旅游度假胜地。
Mediterranean sun, sand and mild climate every year attracts a large number of visitors flock to Spain and France tourism holiday resort.
2）瑞士国土面积的三分之二被山川、湖泊和森林所覆盖，是世界上环境最清洁的国家之一，吸引了大量旅游者。
Two thirds of the Swiss land area is covered with mountains and rivers, lakes and forest, is one of the environments the cleanest country in the world, and has attracted a large number of tourists.
5）德国是欧洲的经济强国，也是欧洲最大的旅游客源国。德国人经常选择到欧洲邻国或世界其他地方旅游。
Germany is Europe's economic powerhouse, is also the biggest European travelers.
German people often choose to travel to European neighbors or other parts of the world.
Unit5 Eco-tourism
Translate into Chinese.
4) Enjoy your guide’s commentary of the Katherine River’s eco-system and its
inhabitants along the way. If you keep your eyes peeled, you may spot some yourself! We will stop along the way to look at the many abundance of bush foods.
Your guides will stop be happy to assist you in any way they can.
沿路享受你的导游对凯瑟琳河的生态系统和它的居民的解说。如果你睁大你的眼睛，你会发现一些你自己！我们将沿着这条路停下来看看布这许多丰富的粗糙的食物。你的导游将他们可以的任何方式高兴地帮助您。
5) With 1,100 miles of beaches, it is no wonder Florida has one to suit every visitor.
Whether you’re interested in birding, shelling, surfing, treasure hunting, people watching, snorkeling, history or romance, Florida has a beach to suit you.
1100英里的海滩，佛罗里达州适合每一位游客就不足为奇了。如果你对观鸟，炮击，冲浪，寻宝，民众观察，浮潜，历史或浪漫有兴趣，佛罗里达州有一个海滩适合你。
1) 生态旅游正在全球范围类迅速成为最受欢迎的休闲度假方式之一。根据世界
旅游组织报道，生态旅游被认为是旅游业增长最快的一块市场。
Eco-tourism is quickly becoming one of the most popular ways of leisure throughout the world. According to the WTO, eco-tourism is considered as one of the fastest growing tourism markets.
4）香格里拉是一片人间少有的完美保留自然生态和民族传统文化的净土，素有“高山大花园”、“动物园王国”、“有色金属王国”的美称。
Shangri-la is a human one of the few perfect preserve natural ecological and traditional culture of the pure land, known as the "mountain big garden", "the zoo kingdom" and "non-ferrous metal kingdom" laudatory name.
Unit 6 Promotion and Management of a Destination
Translate into Chinese.
1)
2)If you sell a product, you need a customer service plan. The best way to develop
one is to put yourself in your customer’s shoes. Do your best to serve customers well and they will reward you by sending their friends to your company or website.
如果你卖产品，你需要一个客户服务计划。开发一个计划最好的办法是把你自己放在你的客户的鞋里。你最好的客户服务，他们会通过发送他们的朋友给你的公司或网站报答你。
3）Marketing is essentially concerned with the disciplines needed to identify market opportunities, to create value for customers, and to make that vale exiting and interesting to them so that they will buy.
市场营销基本上是与需要识别市场机会有关的学科，为客户创造价值，并制造额外的和他们感兴趣的枝节，以至于他们会去买。
Translate into English
1）旅游业是竞争激烈的行业，旅游产品不能仅仅在价格的基础上进行竞争，质量也是旅游产业竞争的主要因素。
Tourism is a competitive industry, tourism products compete not only on the basis of price, and quality also is the main factor of the tourism industry competition. 2）为方便消费者使用和查询目的地信息，网站必须易于使用而且直观，内容要新而且准确。消费者应该能够通过网站预订，以及为产品和服务付费。
For the convenience of consumers to use information and query the destination, the website must be easy to use and intuitive, content must be new and accurate.
Consumers should be able to booking through the website, and pay for products and services.
小学六年级上册英语全书翻译
一单元 Let’s start 去一个地方有许多种方式，看这些图片。我知道有哪些吗？让我想想。 首页：你怎样去上学？我步行去上学。我骑自行车去上学。我怎样才能到动物园？你可以乘地铁去。我怎样才能到自然公园？你可以坐12路公共汽车去。 A部分 Let’s learn 你怎样去上学？我骑自行车去上学。你怎样去加拿大？我乘飞机去。乘飞机坐轮船步行骑自行车坐公共汽车乘火车乘地铁 Let’s play 你怎样去上学？我步行去上学。你怎 样去美国？我乘飞机去。 Let’s talk 莎朗，你怎样去上学？我家很近。我通常步行去上学。有时候我骑车去，你呢？我通常乘公共汽车去 上学。 Group work 你怎样去上学？我通常步行去上学，因为我家很近。你怎样去上学？我通常乘公共汽车去上学，因为它快。Let’s read 莎朗，今天下午我们去公园吧。太好了！介是我们怎样去呢？太简单了。你骑自行车来我家。我们可以步行车站。然后我们乘公共汽车去公
园。好吧。介是你家在哪儿？我家在邮局附近。哪一层？第五层，5A房间。好的！今天下午，两点见。到 时候见！ B部分 L et’s learn 看交通灯。记住交通规则！红灯停。黄灯等。绿灯行。Let’s talk我怎样能到中山公园？你可以乘15路公共汽车。我可以步行吗？当然，如果你愿意。那 儿不远。 Let’s read 看并且找出不同之处。交通灯在每个国家都一样。总是有三种灯：红、黄和绿。红是“停”黄是“等”，绿是“行”。在中国，司机在路的右边行驶。在美国，司机也在路的右边行驶。然而，在英国和澳大利亚，司机在咱的左边行驶。如果你乘公共汽车，骑自行车或步行，你必须知道交通规则。 C部分 Pronunciation 山峰打对处理猪大的罐子盘子Read and match 菜海滩大头针茶Good to know 1.人行横道 2.右转弯 3.单行道 4. 禁止驶入 5.自行车禁行 6.禁止左转 故事时间：这儿有15美元，我们去快餐店吃午饭吧。我们怎么去那儿呢？乘出租车怎么样？那太贵
学术英语 课文翻译
U8 A 1 在过去的30年里，作为一个专业的大提琴演奏家，我花了相当于整整20年时间在路上执行和学习音乐传统和文化。我的旅行使我相信在我们的全球化的世界中，文化传统来自于一个身份、社会稳定和富有同情心的互动的基本框架。 2 世界在快速改变，正如我们一定会创造不稳定的文化，让人质疑他们的地方。全球化使我们服从于别人的规则，这往往会威胁到个人的身份。这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变传统习惯。所以如今全球领导者的关键问题是：如何使习惯和文化发展到融入更大的行星，同时不必牺牲鲜明特色和个人的骄傲？ 3 我的音乐旅程提醒了我，全球化带来的相互作用不只是摧毁文化；他们能够创造新的文化，生机，传播存在已久的传统。这不像生态“边缘效应”，它是用来描述两个不同的生态系统相遇发生了什么，例如，森林和草原。在这个接口，那里是最小密度和生命形式的最大的多样性，每种生物都可以从这两个生态系统的核心作画。有时最有趣的事情发生在边缘。在交叉口可以显示意想不到的连接。 4 文化是一个由世界每个角落的礼物组成的织物。发现世界的一种方式是例如通过深入挖掘其传统。例如音乐方面，在任何的大提琴演奏家的曲目的核心是由巴赫大提琴组曲。每个组件的核心是一个称为萨拉班德舞曲的舞蹈动作。这种舞蹈起源于北非的柏柏尔人的音乐，它是一个缓慢的、性感的舞蹈。它后来出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为是下流的。西班牙人把它带到了美洲，也去了法国，在那里成为一个优雅的舞蹈。在1720年，巴赫公司的萨拉班德在他的大提琴组曲运动。今天，我扮演巴赫，一个巴黎裔美国人的中国血统的音乐家。所以谁真正拥有的萨拉班德？每一种文化都采用了音乐，使其具有特定的内涵，但每一种文化都必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有人。 5 1998年，我从丝绸之路发现在数千年来从地中海和太平洋许多文化间观念的流动。当丝绸之路合奏团执行，我们试图把世界上大部分集中在一个阶段。它的成员是一个名家的同等团体，大师的生活传统是欧洲、阿拉伯、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、波斯、俄罗斯、中亚、印度、蒙古、中国、韩国或日本。他们都慷慨地分享他们的知识，并好奇和渴望学习其他形式的表达。 6 在过去的几年里，我们发现每一个传统都是成功的发明的结果。确保传统的生存的一个最好的方法是由有机进化，目前利用我们所有可用的工具。通过录音和电影；通过驻在博物馆、大学、设计学校和城市；通过表演从教室到体育场，合奏的音乐家，包括我自己，学习有用的技能。回到家中，我们和其他人分享这些技能，确保我们的传统在文化桌上有一席之地。 7 我们发现，在本国执行传统出口的是国外激励从业者。最重要的是，我们对彼此的音乐发展出了激情，并建立了相互尊重、友谊和信任的纽带，每一次我们都在舞台上这都是可触及的。这种欢乐的互动是为了一个理想的共同的更大的目标：我们始终能够通过友好的对话解决任何分歧。我们相互开放，我们形成一个桥进入陌生的传统，驱逐往往伴随着变化和错位的恐惧。换句话说，当我们扩大我们看世界的镜头的时候，我们更好地了解自己，自己的生活和文化。我们与我们的小星球的遥远的行星有更多的共同分享，而不是我们意识到的。 8 发现这些共同的文化是很重要的，但不只是为了艺术的缘故。所以我们的许多城市，不仅是伦敦，纽约，东京，现在即使甚至是中小城市正在经历着移民潮。我们将如何吸取同化有自己独特的习惯的人群？移民不可避免地会导致抵抗和冲突，就像过去一样？有什么关于德国的土耳其人口的阿尔巴尼亚人在意大利，北非人在西班牙和法国？文化繁荣的引擎可以帮助我们找出如何集合可以和平融合，同时不牺牲个性身份。这不是政治正确性。它是关于对人而言什么是珍贵的承认，和每一个文化已经给予我们世界的礼物。
高级英语第一册第一课中文翻译
第一课中东的集市 中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。 中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越来越清晰。直待你走到拐角处一转弯，眼前便出现了锃亮的铜器，它们映照着无数盏明灯和火盆，流光飞舞，有如仙境。每个铜匠铺子里都有几个徒工——他们都是一些男性青少年，其中有的年龄小得让人难以置信——在那里不停地锤打着一些形状各异、大小不一的铜器，而铺子的老板则在一旁指点着，有时也亲自操锤敲打几下。铺子的后边，还有一个小不点儿的徒工在那里用一根拴在大脚趾上的绳子鼓动着一个巨大的皮风箱，煽着一大炉炭火——燃烧着的木炭随着风箱的鼓动而有节奏地变得忽明忽暗。 在这里，你会看到许多精美的锅碗瓢盆，上面雕刻着各种精细复杂的传统图案，也能看到一些当地人日常使用的质朴无华的厨房用具，虽无花纹图案，但造形美观，经济实用。再走一处便是地毯市场。这儿有各种质地的地毯，它们色彩斑炯，花纹图案富有地方特色—
高级英语课文翻译
青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑 ,, 同时越 来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation, ” he said, “ our generation views the adult world with great skepticism, there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world. ”很 明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他 们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。 对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿 什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this:“ The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they can’ t do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without. ” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这 样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ ve got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通 常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1）脱离传统社会
人教六年级上册英语教材课文翻译
人教版六年級上冊英語教材課文翻譯Unit 1~ 3 Recycle1 Unit1 How can I get there? Hey，Robin. Where is the science museum?嘿，羅賓。科學博物館在哪兒？ It's near the library.它在圖書館附近。 I see. How can I get there? 我知道了。我怎麼到那兒？ Turn right at the school. Then go straight.到學校右轉。然後直走。 OK. Let's go.好の。讓我們走吧。 Excuse me. Can you help me?打擾一下，你能幫助我嗎？ Sure.當然。 How can I get to the science museum? 我怎麼到科學博物館？ It's over there.它在那邊。 Thanks.謝謝。 Oh, where is Robin?哦，羅賓在哪兒？ P4 Let's try Wu Yifan and Robin are looking at some robots. Listen and tick. 吳一凡和羅賓正在看一些機器人。聽一聽並打鉤。 are they? 他們在哪兒？ In the museum．在博物館裏。In the bookstore 在書店裏。 Grandpa there? (外)祖父在那兒嗎？ Yes，he is．是の，他在。 No，he isn't.不，他不在。 P4 Let's talk部分翻譯 Wu Yifan：Robin，where is the museum shop? I want to buy a postcard. 吳一凡：羅賓，博物館の商店在哪兒？我想要買一張明信片。 Robin：It's near the door. 羅賓：在大門附近。 Wu Yifan：Thanks. Where is the post office? I want to send it today. 吳一凡：謝謝。郵局在哪兒？我想今天把它寄出去。 Robin：I don't know. I'll ask. Excuse me, sir. 羅賓：我不知道。我去問一下。打擾一下，先生。 Man：Wow! A talking robot! What a great museum! 男人：哇！一個說話の機器人！多麼偉大の一個博物館啊！ Robin：Where, is the post office? 羅賓：郵局在哪兒？ Man：It's next to the museum. 男人：它挨著博物館。 Robin：Thanks. 羅賓：謝謝。 Where is the museum shop/post office? Talk about the places in your aty/town/village.
学术英语综合Unit9-译文
第九单元医学 Text A 谁还需要医生？在变化的时代洪流中与时俱进 费格斯?沙纳汉所有的一切都早经由前人说过，但是没有人听，于是我们不得不总是返回起点，从头开始。 ——安德烈?纪德 通常情况下，医生大都具备适应变化的能力。但随着变化的脚步逐渐加快，他们会不断面临挑战，所担任的角色也会遭到不少质疑。尽管医学界在医药方面已经取得了不少成就，但是现代社会对医疗职业却存有的越来越多的疑问；尽管与之前相比，人们变得越来越健康，但是健康仍旧是人们所关注的热门话题。因此，随着人们对医疗职业的职业满意度越来越低，替代医学逐渐兴起。美国的新 闻杂志借由其封面大声喊出，“谁还需要医生啊？”，而很多医学杂志的评论标题也充斥着负面的情绪：“不高兴的医生”；“现代医学一成不变”；“医学作为一种艺术的失败”；以及“医生会有未来吗？”而这种情绪也在皇家医师学会的报道中有所体现，他们报道的对象正是在变化大潮中不断变化的医生角色。报道中出现了一些对医生不利的词语与表达：“医疗职业……处于劣势”；“心神不安”；“很多医生看起来都不快乐”；“医生……过时了”以及“医生的角色需要清晰的解释”。因此， 人们呼吁医生们在塑造未来的过程中能够担当起更加积极的角色。对医疗行业来说，明智之举就是培养更多的领导能力，重点关注如何能使人们保持健康的状态，以巩固医疗行业对社会福利的影响。但是目前，医疗行业存在的最大挑战将会是 在“伙伴关系”方面，也就是医生和病人之间的关系——医患关系。 十多年前有社论观点做出预测称，正是超级专业化，分子医学以及冠以“循证”的一切这些因素促进了医疗行业的变化，而最彻底的变化是在医患关系方面。 这种关系错综复杂，容易受到社会潮流的影响。而过去的分析倾向于侧重医生们如何确诊疾病，而当前难以捉摸的诊断已经很少见了。而对于病人来说，医患关系的好坏结果也取决于医生的职业福利，因此这方面需要获得人们的关注。随着世界变化日新月异，人们的职业也应在变化的大潮中面对挑战，做出相应的回应，所以医生个人需要与时俱进，并且要思考如何能够信心十足地面对挑战，并且享 受挑战。这里并不是指通过某些“熟能生巧”来提高工作技能或者委托给继续医学 教育进行新的资格认证就能达到的。这里关乎的是医学态度与医学方法。 医生终将会适应经济，社会以及人口学的潮流，但是在面对未来科学技术的进步时，有些人仍会遭遇挑战，或者无法跟上科技进步的脚步。上文提到的现代医学所感受到的不安与焦虑中，究竟有多少是来自信息技术对医患关系产生的影
高级英语lesson2原文及其翻译
“Hiroshima! Everybody off!” That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed throug h the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal
研究生学术英语翻译
Deciding on a topic 决定一个主题 As a college student of science and technology,you are often required to write a literature review about a certain topic,or a 1500-word term paper.In either case,the writing is a complex process which involves choosing a topic,searching for relevant materials,and compiling a reference list.Hence the first thing you need to do is to choose a research topic. 作为一个研究科学技术学生，你通常需要写一个关于某一主题的文献综述，或一个1500字的论文。不管是哪种，写作都是一个复杂的过程，涉及选题，查找资料，编写参考清单。因此，你首先需要做的是选择一个研究课题。 A topic is what the essay or research paper is about.Choosing a topic for your literature review or research paper requires careful consideration.A topic that is too specialized or the general may bring many problems in terms of the time you can devote to the research or the sources of information available on the topic.How do you choose a topic which is possible to research?There are four principles: 主题就是文章或研究论文是与什么有关的。为你的文献综述或研究论文选择一个主题需要仔细考虑。一个太专业或太宽泛的主题可能带来的诸多问题，影响你花费在研究或与主题相关的信息资源上的时间。你怎么选择一种可能的研究课题？有四个原则： 1)Interesting.If a topic holds your interest,you will most likely working on it.However,you should also be aware of the interest of your readers.For example,if your readers are from different disciplines or academic backgrounds,your topic should not be too specific. 1)有趣.如果一个话题引起了你的兴趣，你将很有可能在它上工作.但是，你也应该知道你的读者的兴趣.例如，如果你的读者是来自不同的学科或学术背景的，你的主题不应该太具体。 2)Important.You also have to consider the value of the topic you are likely to choose,both academic and social.And essay without practical or theoretical value will probably not attract readers. 2)重要.你也需要考虑你可能选择的课题研究的价值,包括学术的和社会的。没有实践或理论价值的论文可能不会吸引读者。 3)Manageable.Narrow down your topic to make your paper manageable.For example,if you want to discuss the history of a disease,it may not be possible for you to cover all the important ideas in a 1500-word essay. 3)可控的.缩小你的主题，使你的论文易于管理。例如，如果你想讨论一种疾病的历史，你或许不可能用一篇1500字的文章来涵盖所有重要的想法。 4)Adequate.You have to ask the question:Can the topic I have chosen be researched?One criterion is that you mast make sure that there are adequate source materials available on the topic.Avoid a topic that has very limited information about it,for it is difficult to carry out your research without previous studies. 4）足够的。你必须问这个问题：我选择的话题能被研究吗？一个标准是，你必须确保这个主题有足够的可用的源材料，避免一个仅有非常有限的信息得主题，因为没有以前的研究，你是很难进行你的研究的。 Formulating a research question 制定一个研究问题
高级英语第一册 课后翻译练习汇总
Lesson 1The Middle Eastern Bazaar 1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处 2)集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有 3)我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 4)新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，刻有精细、复杂的传统图案。 5)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。 6)他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 7）教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 8）这个小女孩非常喜欢他的父亲。 9）为实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习外国的先进科学技术。 10）黄昏临近时，天渐渐地暗下来了。 11）徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。 12）吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner. Lesson 2 Hiroshima-the Livest city in Japan 1)礼堂里一个人都没有，会议一定是延期了。 2)那本书看上去很像个盒子。
3)四川话和湖北话很相似，有时很难区别。 4)一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的好友。 5)他陷入沉思之中，没有例会同伴们在谈些什么。 6)他干的事与她毫无关系。 7)她睡不着觉，女儿的病使她心事重重。 8)这件事长期以来一直使我放心不下。 9)他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。 10)大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含义。 11)土壤散发着青草的气味。 12)我可以占用你几分钟时间吗？ 13)你能匀出一张票子给我吗？ 14)那个回头发上了年纪的人是铜匠。 Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama 1.一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。 2.只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。
高级英语lesson2原文及翻译
―Hiroshima! Everybody off!‖ That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We se t off at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.‖ He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal
学术英语翻译
Conveying of most building concrete from the mixture or truck to the form is done in bottom-dump buckets or by pumping through steel pipelines.（大多数建筑混凝土从散沙到塑性是通过底部卸料的吊斗或钢管泵运输的）The chief danger during conveying is that of segregation. （运输中的主要危险是隔离问题）The individual components of concrete tend to segregate because of their dissimilarity.（由于混凝土的成分不同，所以要分离它们）In overly wet concrete standing in containers or forms, the heavier gravel components tend to settle, and the lighter materials, particularly water, tend to rise. Lateral movement , such as flow within the forms, tends to separate the coarse gravel from the finer components of the mix.（处于容器或模型中的过度潮湿的混凝土，其中较重的砾石组分应该沉降，较轻的材料特别是水应该升高。横向运动，例如形式内的流动，应该将粗砂砾与混合物的较细组分分开。）The danger of segregation has caused the discarding of some previously common means of conveying, such as chutes and conveyor belts, in favor of methods which minimize this tendency.（由于分离存在的危险，像是溜槽和传送带这样以前常用的运输方法已经被淘汰了，而采用最小化这种趋势的方法） 大多数建筑混凝土从搅拌机或卡车到模板内的输送是由底部卸料吊斗或由泵通过钢管完成的。输送中的主要危险是骨料离析。由于混凝土的成分的互异性所以容易发生离析。处于容器或模型中的过渡潮湿的混凝土，其中较重的砾石组分易于沉降，较轻的材料特别是水容易上浮。横向运动，例如模具内的流动容易将粗砂砾与混合物的较细成分分开。离析的风险使得人们废弃了之前经常采用的输送方式例如溜槽和传送带而采用使离析风险最小的方法。 Placing and Compacting of Concrete Placing is the process of transferring the fresh concrete from the conveying device to is final place in the forms. Prior to placing, loose rust must be removed from reinforcement, forms must be cleaned, and hardened surfaces of previous concrete lifts must be cleaned and treated appropriately. Placing and compacting are critical in their effect on the final quality of the concrete. Proper placement must avoid segregation, displacement of forms or of the reinforcement in the forms, and poor bond between successive layers of concrete. Immediately upon placing, the concrete should be compacted by means of hand tools or vibrators. Such compacting prevents honeycombing, assures close contact with forms and reinforcement, and serves as a partial remedy to possible prior segregation. Compacting is achieved by hand tamping with a variety of special tools, but now more commonly and successfully with high frequency, power-driven vibrators. These are of the internal type, immersed in the concrete, or of the external type, attached to the forms. The former are preferable but must be supplemented by the latter where narrow forms or other obstacles make immersion impossible. 浇筑是将新拌好的混凝土通过输送装置输送到其在模具中的最终位置的过程。在浇筑之前，必须清除钢筋上的浮锈，清洁模具，对于以前的混凝土吊车的硬化表层也必须进行适当的处理和清洁。浇筑和捣实对混凝土的最终质量有重要的影响。正确的浇筑必须避免离析，模具或模具内钢筋的位移以及相继浇筑的混凝土层之间的不牢固粘接。浇筑后应立即用手工工具或振捣器将混凝土捣实。捣实是为了防止变成蜂窝状，确保混凝土与模具和钢筋紧密接触，也是对之前可能产生离析的一个部分补救。捣实以前是使用各种特殊工具手动夯实来实现的，而现在更普遍和成功地采用高频率的电动振捣器来完成。浸入混凝土中的是内部形式，附着在模具上的是外部形式。前者是更期望的但是由于狭窄的部分或其他障碍物不可能浸没，所以后者肯定存在。