第四章 翻译的技巧参考译文
第四章翻译的技巧
Skills in Translation
.课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）
1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.
【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.
【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.
【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.
【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.
【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York City is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.
【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.
【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。有本事又有人缘。
8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.
【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
9．In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production.
【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。
The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society —the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.
【续】这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑建立其上，并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。
The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)
续】物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。
（卡尔·马克思《政治经济学批判》）
10. There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month；but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers —when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded
from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth —and yet what a pleasant time it is!
【译文】一年之中，八月的自然景色最美。春天固然美景多多，五月清新，鲜花艳丽，但此乃冬天的反衬所致，八月却不然。八月来临，寒风未至，雪冰无踪，记忆中只是令人愉悦的时光啊！晴朗的天空、碧绿的田野还有那芬芳的花朵。
Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear. (Charles Dickens)
【续】果园里和麦田间回荡着劳动的歌声，果实压满枝头，枝条弯腰垂地，枝条垂地；麦田一片金黄，已收割的庄稼束捆成摞，整整齐齐，未收割的随着阵阵微风曲腰扭肢，似乎向割镰求爱；大地呈现一派祥和、丰收的景象；这时令的气息似乎也触及到每辆大车，车轮慢慢压过收割过的田野，声音悦耳和谐。
课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）
1. We greatly appreciate your kindness.
【译文】我们非常感谢你的好意。
2. Do you appreciate the difficulties involved in this undertaking?
【译文】你是否意识到担任这项工作可能遇到的困难?
3. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.
【译文】我们全部体会到假日的乐趣。
4. He can appreciate classical music.
【译文】他能够欣赏古典音乐。
5. His failure to answer question made the police suspicious.
【译文】他不回答这一问题引起了警方的怀疑。
6. Man is extending his eyes with radar.
【译文】人(人类)借助于雷达扩大视野。
7. It cost him a sight of trouble.
【译文】这给他招来一大堆麻烦。
8. The instrument is of great interest, involving as it does a new principle of work.
【译文】该仪器由于涉及新的工作原理而具有意义。(as it does是个短语，意思是“实际上”，在句子中作状语)
9．On the evening of December 12, 1944, a host of German generals, the senior field commanders on the Western front, were called to Rundstedt’s headquarters, stripped of their side arms and briefcases, packed into a bus, driven about the dark, snowy countryside for half an hour to make them lose their bearings, and finally deposited at the entrance to a deep underground bunker which turned out to be Hitler’s headquarters at Ziegenberg near Frankfurt.
【译文】1944年12月12日晚上，西线的一批德军将领，都是战地高级指挥官，奉召到伦斯德司令部去。他们交出了随身携带的武器和公文箱包，被推进一辆大轿车里，在乡间黑黝黝的雪地里坐了半小时的车，弄得晕头转向，最后给卸在一个很深的地堡的入口处，原来这是希特勒在法兰克福附近的泽根堡大本营。
There they learned for the first time what only a handful of the top staff officers and army
commanders had known for more than a month: the Fuehrer was to launch in four days a mighty offensive in the West. (William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich)
【续】到了那里，他们才初次听到了只有极少数最高级参谋和司令员在一个多月以前就已知道的事情：元首准备要在四天后在西线发动一场强大攻势。
10．Your Grace shall understand, that at the receipt of your letter I am very sick: but in the instant that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthazar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turn’d o’er many books together: he is furnisht with my opinion, which, better’d with his own learning, —the greatness whereof I cannot enough commend, —comes with him, at my importunity, to fill up your grace’s request in my stead. I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation; for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation. (Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice)
【译文】尊翰到时，鄙人抱疾方剧；适有一青年博士鲍尔萨泽君自罗马来此，致其慰问，因与详讨犹太人与安东尼奥一案，遍稽群籍，折衷是非，遂恳其为鄙人疱代，以应殿下之召。凡鄙人对此案所具意见，此君已深悉无遗；其学问才识，虽穷极赞辞，亦不足道其万一，务希勿以其年少而忽之，盖如此少年老成之士，实鄙人生平所仅见也。倘蒙延纳，必能不辱使命。敬祈钧裁。（朱生豪译）
综合练习及参考译文
1. 翻译下列句子，注意斜体词的表达
1) The editor praised his paper and suggested only one change.
【译文】编辑赞赏他的论文，仅在一处建议改动。
2) He knows no more life than the child unborn.
【译文】他天真烂漫，对人情世故一无所知。
3) It is beyond the power of medicine to cure him.
【译文】他的病非药力所能治愈。
4) While this may be an exaggeration, there is a bit of truth in it.
【译文】此话虽然夸张，却也有几分可信。
5) It’s been scientifically proven that frequent kissing stabilizes cardiovascular activity, decreases high blood pressure, cholesterol and overall makes one’s life better.
【译文】科学已经证明常接吻可使心血管活动保持稳定，降低高血压、胆固醇，全面改善人的身体状况。
6 ) The expansion of the higher education system has turned universities from institutions for the elite to ones for the masses.
【译文】大学扩招后，大学教育便从以往的精英教育变成普及教育。
7) Brilliant young scholars or inventive industrial geniuses are hampered in technical research because they hesitate to disagree with their “superiors”.
【译文】才华横溢的青年学者、创造发明天才因为不愿与“师长”唱对台戏，而在科研上裹足不前。
8) We alone do good to our neighbors not upon a calculation of interest, but in the confidence of freedom and in a frank and fearless spirit. (Thucydides: History)
【译文】惟有我们乐于助人，但不计私利得失，而是出于自觉自愿，慷慨无畏。
9) I am disgusted she saw the man as a reminder to lock her doors. I wonder if he noticed us doing
so. I wonder how it feels when people lock their doors at the sight of you.
【译文】我很讨厌她一看见那人就锁上车门的举动。我不知道那人是否注意到了我们的这一做法。真不知道当别人一看到你时就把车门锁上，那会是一种什么样的感觉。
10) Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they. …To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even its duties. For him who renounces everything no indemnity is possible.
【译文】人天生是自由的，可处处受到约束。那种自以为给别人当主子的人，反倒比别人更是奴才。……放弃自己的自由，就是放弃自己做人的资格，放弃人的权利，甚至于是放弃自己的义务。一个人放弃了一切，是不可能有任何东西作补偿的。
2.翻译下列段落
1）What WTO Accession Means for China (入世对于中国的意义)
In this new age of globalization , China’s leadership has decided to seek globalization’s benefits and accept its risks. The decision to join the WTO, and to accept the disciplines and rules that lie at its heart, is the latest important step enabling China to navigate globalization’s currents.
【译文】在这个全球化的新时代，中国领导人决定寻求全球化的益处，并承受其带来的风险。加入世贸组织并且接受作为其核心的行为准则和各项规则，这个决定是中国顺应全球化潮流所迈出的最为重要的一步。
Therefore, I am proud that my colleagues and I had the opportunity last year, shortly after assuming office, to take the lead in driving to complete China’s admission to the WTO after the process had been stalled for a year and half.
【续】因此，我引以自豪的是，我的同事和我本人在去年刚上任不久的首要工作就是，在中国入世进程停顿了一年半之后，致力于完成这项工作。
As a WTO member, China is supposed to greatly reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers. It will need to improve protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. It needs to allow companies engaged in telecommunications, computer services, banking, securities, insurance, freight forwarding, and wholesale and retail distribution to invest in China, providing services of value and spurring domestic competition.
【续】作为世贸组织的成员，中国应当大幅降低关税和非关税壁垒，应当加强实施对知识产权的保护，应当允许（外国）公司投资于中国的电信、计算机服务、银行、证券、保险、货物转运以及批发与零售业，以提供各种重要的服务，推动国内竞争。
China has agreed to transform its system of laws and regulations through transparency, opening rules to comment before promulgation and to court review afterward. As a result, China’s membership in the WTO will mean lower prices, greater consumer choice, greater enterprise efficiency, enhanced productivity, higher wages, new jobs, and more opportunity.
【续】中国已经同意通过提高透明度来进行法律制度改革，其法规在颁布实施前要进行公示，听取意见，实施后要接受法院检验。其结果是，中国成为世贸组织成员后将带来的好处是：物价下降，消费者有更多的选择，企业效益增大，生产率提高，工资上涨，就业机会增多，机遇也越来越多。
2）I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King)
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With his faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will
be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
【译文】这就是我的希望。这就是我带回南方的信念。怀着这个信念，我们能够把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。怀着这个信念，我们能够将我国种族不和的喧嚣变为一曲友爱的乐章。怀着这个信念，我们能够一同工作，一同祈祷，一同奋斗，一同入狱坐牢，一同为争取自由而斗争，因为我们知道我们终将获得自由。
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last!”
【续】我们使自由之音响彻千家万户，响彻每个州郡城池，就会促使那个日子尽快到来。到了那一天，上帝的一切儿女，无论黑人、白人、犹太人、非犹太人、基督教徒和天主教徒都将携手同唱那首古老的黑人圣歌：“我们终于获得了自由！终于获得了自由！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于获得了自由！”
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第四章 翻译的技巧参考译文
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2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房Room 201 二单元Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋Building 1 华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍Dormitory 厂Factory 楼/层Floor 酒楼/酒店Hotel 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 县County 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 镇Town 巷/弄Lane 市City 路Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略）一环路1st Ring Road 省Province(也简写作Prov.） 花园Garden 院Yard 街Street/Avenue 大学College/University 信箱Mailbox 区District A座Suite A 广场Square 州State 大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思） 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区Autonomous Region 直辖市Municipality 特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture
2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）红色 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 参考范文：
在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。 要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。 要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning. 要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator 都是可以的。象征还可以写成symbolize,represent. 要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow. 皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes. 要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid. 要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄When crops are ripe in Fall,the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.
文言文翻译技巧和方法
文言文翻译技巧和方法 一、基本方法：直译和意译文言文翻译的基本方法有直译和意译两种。所谓直译，是指用现代汉语的词对原文进行逐字逐句地对应翻译，做到实词、虚词尽可能文意相对。直译的好处是字字落实;其不足之处是有时译句文意难懂，语言也不够通顺。所谓意译，则是根据语句的意思进行翻译，做到尽量符合原文意思，语句尽可能照顾原文词义。意译有一定的灵活性，文字可增可减，词语的位置可以变化，句式也可以变化。意译的好处是文意连贯，译文符合现代语言的表达习惯，比较通顺、流畅、好懂。其不足之处是有时原文不能字字落实。这两种翻译方法当以直译为主，意译为辅。 二、具体方法：留、删、补、换、调、变。 “留”：就是保留。凡是古今意义相同的词，以及古代的人名、地名、物名、官名、国号、年号、度量衡单位等，翻译时可保留不变。例如：《晏子使楚》中的“楚王”、“晏婴”、“晏子”等不用翻译。 “删”，就是删除。删掉无须译出的文言虚词。例如：“寡人反取病焉”的“焉”是语气助词，可不译，本句的意思就是“我反而自讨没趣。”(《晏子使楚》)又如：“子猷、子敬俱病笃，而子敬先亡”中的“而”是连词，可不译，整句意思是“子猷与子敬都病重，子敬先死去。” “补”，就是增补。(1)变单音词为双音词，如《桃花源记》中“率妻子邑人来此绝境”，“妻子”一词是“妻子、儿女”的意思;(2)补出省略句中的省略成分，如《人琴俱亡》中“语时了不悲”，翻译为：(子猷)说话时候完全不悲伤。 “换”，就是替换。用现代词汇替换古代词汇。如把“吾、余、予”等换成“我”，把“尔、汝”等换成“你”。“调”就是调整。把古汉语倒装句调整为现代汉语句式。例如《人琴俱亡》中“何以都不闻消息”，“何以”是“以何”的倒装，宾语前置句，意思是“为什么”。“变”，就是变通。在忠实于原文的基础上，活译有关文字。“子猷问左右”(人琴俱亡))中的“左右”指的是“手下的人”，“左右对曰”(《晏子使楚》中的“左右”指的是“近臣”。 古文翻译口诀古文翻译，自有顺序，首览全篇，掌握大意；先明主题，搜集信息，由段到句，从句到词，全都理解，连贯一起，对待难句，则需心细，照顾前文，联系后句，
英文翻译成中文
第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉 练习： Unit 1 1.年轻时，他对学业漫不经心，加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，到这时候，这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝，但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏，不论是何结果，美国人不仅会一概接受，还要去铲除那些反对者，尽管对于成千上万的人来说，这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来，或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来，或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来，而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上，大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感（我很伤感），白色常代表纯洁，尽管在中国，人们在婚礼上穿白的，在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点，美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外，全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信，到1816年，英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而，到1870年，对于英国来说，德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初，俄国、美国和日本将成为大国，而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来，农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式，经济环境，市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时，不停地跟人讲，一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他，把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上，往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情，这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭，而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10）因为在农民生产率低下的国家，需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食，因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前，亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的，除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2．人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3．当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶，就会存在两个问题：一是如何保持稳定的车速；二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4．这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况，因为电脑不仅能够控制车速，与前面车子的距离，还能够控制方向。