【精品】2020年中考道法热点专题：诚信中国

【精品】2020年中考道法热点专题：诚信中国

热点聚焦

材料一：信用中国发布失信联合惩戒对象名单2019年9月3日，国家公共信用信息中心发布“8月份新增失信联合惩戒对象公示及情况说明”。8月份，相关部门向全国信用信息共享平台推送失信联合惩戒对象名单信息新增297623条，涉及失信主体258501个，其中法人及其他组织43870家，自然人214631人。8月份退出失信联合惩戒对象名单主体129353个，其中法人及其他组织29726家，自然人99627人。

材料二：建立诚信档案2019年4月，全国20多个省份扎堆进行了2019年度公务员招录考试。时间进入5月以来，多省份密集公布公务员考试的笔试成绩。随着笔试放榜，一些省份也向外界披露了公务员考试的违纪情况，不少考生因作弊、雷同卷等问题被记入公务员考试录用诚信档案。

材料三：网络诚信宣传2019年7月17日，由广东省委网信办、广东省发展和改革委员会、广东省商务厅共同主办，广东省信用协会、奥一网承办的“打造清朗网络共建诚信广东”——2019年广东省网络诚信宣传活动在广州成功举行。

材料四：诚信建设近年来，从限制乘坐火车、飞机，到限制出境、限制购买不动产、限制高消费，严厉惩罚联合惩戒失信行为的制度笼子不断加固，提升了破坏诚信的自我成本，让那些见利忘义、败德失信者付出了代价。一系列激浊扬清的有力举措犹如徙木立信，在社会上树起了“守信者一路畅通，失信者寸步难行”的风向标。

命题猜想

1.经济合作中失信、组织考试作弊等行为受到惩罚，说明了什么？

（1）不讲诚信的人可以欺人一时，不能欺人一世，且识破，就很难在社会上立足，其结果是害人害己。

（2）谁对自己不负责任，谁就要对这种不负责任所造成的后果负责。

（3）我国坚持依法治国。做到执法必严、违法必究。

2列举社会上的不诚信现象。

（1）家庭：父母不兑现承诺；子女撒谎；偷拿父母的钱；

（2）学校：抄袭作业，考试作弊、借东西不还、欺骗老师；假冒家长签字；涂改、续保自己的成绩；

（3）社会：网络欺诈；电信诈骗；学历、职称造假；

（4）企业：不履行合同；制假售假；虚假广告、拖欠工资；偷税漏税；价格欺骗；缺斤短两；雇人刷好评。

3. 我国为什么要惩戒失信行为、表彰诚实守信道德模范?（我国为什么高度重视诚信建设?）

（1）诚实守信是中华民族的传统美德，是为人处世的基本原则。

（2）诚信是社会主义核心价值观的重要组成部分，是构建和谐社会的重要内容。（3）加强诚信建设，有利于提高全民族的思想道德素质；

（4）有利于在全社会形成守信光荣失信可耻的氛围，为改革和发展筑起坚实的道德保障；

（5）有利于保障社会经济秩序，促进经济健康发展；

（6）提高我国的国际地位和形象，实现中国梦。

4. 请你对组织考试作弊、迟退或不退押金等失信行为进行简要评析。

（1）违背了诚实守信的传统美德，侵害了他人的合法权益，会使自己陷入信任危机，其结果是害人害己；

（2）败坏了社会风气，不利于构建和谐社会；

（3）违反了我国相关法律法规，应承担相应的法律责任。

5. 从道德和法律角度对失信(偷税漏税、学术造假、电信诈骗)行为进行评析。（1）道德上：是非正义行为，是缺乏诚信意识、规则意识、公德意识和社会责任感的表现，应该受到道德遣责。

（2）法律上：是违法行为，是法律意识淡薄的表现，应承担相应的法律责任。6.构建诚信社会，各方面应该怎样做?

（1）国家：大力开展以诚信为主题的宣传教育活动，营造良好的社会风气；完善相关法律法规，依法惩治各类不诚信行为，让失信者寸步难行。

（2）社会：大力宣传诚信价值观，对不诚信的国家机关、企事业单位和个火给予曝光，营造建设诚信社会的良好氛围

（3）个人：坚持实事求是，为人诚实，不欺诈；言而有信，一诺千金；在涉及利益冲突的问题时，站在多数人利益一边，在眼前利益与长远利益冲突时，站在长远利益一边，在情与法冲突时，站在法律一边：处理好诚实与尊重他人隐私的关系，正确对待善意的谎言。

7. 网络诚信宣传活动的开展对于企业和社会有何重要意义?

（1）对个人：诚信是我们融入社会的“通行证”一个人真诚老实笃守诺言，无论走到哪里都能赢得信任。相反，如果弄虚作假、口是心非就会处处碰壁，甚至无法安身立世。

（2）对企业：有利于引导企业坚持诚信经营、诚信办事，塑造良好的企业形象和信誉，能带来持久的效益，使企业长盛不衰。

（3）对社会：有利于在全社会营造诚实守信的良好氛围，增进社会互信，减少社会矛盾，净化社会风气，促进社会和谐，有利于降低社会交往和市场交易成本，积累社会资本。

8. 广东省举办网络诚信宣传活动说明了什么?

党和政府重视社会主义核心价值观的正确引领和践行；我国重视诚信建设，努力打造诚信社会；中国人民向上，向善、向美、向前的信念不断增强。

9. 为汇聚强大的诚信正能量，让互联网发展更好地造福人民，我们应该怎么做?（1）国家：健全和完善相关法律法规，加大打击违反诚信原则的行为：建立诚信档案，不断完善守信激励和失信惩戒机制。

（2）个人：树立诚信意识，真诚待人、信守承诺，主动承担责任；运用诚信智慧，格守诚实要求，尊重他人隐私，珍惜个人的诚信记录。

10怎样践行诚信（如何做一个诚信的人）？

（1）树立诚信意识。真诚待人，信守承诺，说老实话，办老实事，做老实人。（2）运用诚信智慧。当尊重他人隐私与对人诚实发生冲突时，我们应遵循伦理原则和法律要求，既恪守诚实的要求，又尊重他人隐私。

（3）珍惜个人的诚信记录，以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻，营造社会诚信环境，努力促进社会发展和文明进步。

11失信的危害（不讲诚信的后果）

（1）对个人：，产生信任危机，影响和谐的人际关系，事业难以成功，难以在社会上立足。

（2）对企业：损害企业信誉，影响企业经济效益，损害消费者合法权益，是企业难以生存和发展，甚至受到道德的谴责和法律的制裁。

（3）对国家、社会：败坏社会风气，影响社会诚信建设；破坏社会主义市场经济秩序，阻碍经济发展；影响社会治安，损害国家形象和利益；损害消费者的合法权益。

12.诚信的意义/重要性

（1）对个人的意义：诚信是一个人安身立命之本，是我们融入社会的“通行证”。

①有利于赢得他人的信任，加强他人的合作；

②有利于传承中华美德，提高自身的思想道德素质。

③有利于成就学业、事业。

（2）对企业：诚信是企业的无形资本。

（3）对社会、国家：诚信促进社会文明、国家兴旺。

①有利于增进社会互信，减少社会矛盾，净化社会风气，促进社会和谐；

②有利于建立文明和谐的社会秩序；

③有利于提高我国的的国家形象和声誉，增强国家的文化软实力；

④有利于践行社会主义核心价值观。

13.国家怎样加强诚信社会建设？

（1）加强法治建设，健全和完善相关法律法规；

（2）加大执法力度，严惩不讲诚信的违法犯罪行为；

（3）加强道德建设和法治教育，提高公民的诚信意识和法治观念；

（4）建立诚信档案，建立个人和社会信用体系，尤其是信用网络体系，完善个人守信激励和失信惩戒机制，使守信者处处受益，失信者处处受限；

（5）营造诚信光荣、失信可耻的社会氛围。

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