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我们来归纳一下中考阅读理解题的主要题型

我们来归纳一下中考阅读理解题的主要题型
我们来归纳一下中考阅读理解题的主要题型

我们来归纳一下中考阅读理解题的主要题型。

中考阅读理解试题中所选的阅读文章内容非常广泛,题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术、教育心理等诸多方面;体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体;内容较多,篇幅较长,它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。大致来说,考题主要围绕如下内容出题:(1)文章的个别词或句子;(2)文章的某细节或情节;(3)文章的主题;(4)文章的背景知识;(5)文章的结论或结局;(6)文章内涵的隐义或寓意等方面。

具体来讲,中考阅读理解主要有以下几种题型。

1. 直接理解性题型

这种题目比较简单,只要通读完全文,大概了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的题甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。

2. 语义理解性题型

这类题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、短语或句子的意义作出解释。解答这类题目时,需要对某处有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容能够准确、全面地理解才能做出正确答案。

3. 逻辑推理性题型

这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其各个部分间的关系或对整篇文章进行全面、深层地理解后才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的写作意图、个人的倾向性态度等画外之音、言外之意加以分析推理,才能得出正确答案。

4. 归纳概括性题型

这类题目要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上能够对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。

解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、文化背景知识、生活常识、科学常识甚至某些方面的专业知识进行分析、推理、判断,从而获取文章中隐含而未明白表达的信息。

以上是从出题内容上对阅读理解题进行的分类的选择型阅读理解题,还有一种填空型阅读理解题型:在题干上留空,由答题人直接填写所缺的单词

阅读理解解题的答题技巧

第一步:先读问题,弄清考查要点

在阅读短文之前应先将这些问题细读一遍。搞清考查要点,以便在下一步的阅读中心中有数,有的矢。

第二步:快读原文,了解大意。

带着问题将文章一口气读完,了解文章大意,注意发现与问题有关的信息。在这一步里,除

非是十分有把握的,科直接在文中找出答案,否则暂不忙于答题。

第三步:细读原文,捕捉信息。这是解题的关键步骤,应特别注意以下几个方面的问题。1、注意抓住文章的中心。一般来说,记叙文和说明文的中心只要读者在充分理解全文内容

的基础上稍加归纳就能得出;而议论文的中心有的在首段、有的在文中,这就要求读者要细心阅读、反复推敲。此外,千万别忘了文章标题和首句的提示作用。

2、要抓住文章的线索,即故事发生的时间、地点、重要人物、事件的起因、经过和结果等。

3、联系上下文及语法分析体会生词、难句,可以借助于上下文、构词法、逻辑推理力等方

法来分析。

4、注意文章的深层含义。有的文章,常常通过一些简单的事实去说明一个道理,阐明一个

深刻的含义,也就是我们所说的文章的寓意。

第四步:根据题义,确定答案。

1、直接确定答案。对于所提问题可在短文中直接可找答案时,可采用这种方法。

2、通过归纳推理,确定答案。有些题的答案不能在原文中直接找出,需要考生在把握全文

中心和线索的前提下进概括、归纳、推理乃至计算才能得出答案。

第五步:复读全文,验证答案。

在做完所有的题目之后,应对照答案复读全文,以取得最佳答案。

再次,我们来分析一下学生做阅读理解题常出现的错误,找出根源。

我们在做阅读理解题时,常常可能因以下的一些原因导致失分。

1. 词汇量缺乏。有相当一部分同学的词汇量相当贫乏,由此导致阅读理解的困难。因此,熟记大量常用词的拼写及其意义和用法是十分必要的。初中阶段的词汇量只有不到2000词,记住他们并不难。而且要多读多记,每天支持。但难在坚持,能够坚持下去,你离成功还会远吗?

2. 知识面狭窄。任何一种考试都是一次对各方面综合知识和能力的检测,阅读更是如此。历年中考阅读题选材十分广泛,内容涉及到政治、历史、地理、社会习俗等方面。因此,学生在平时要多抽出一点时间读报、看杂志及各类课外书籍,有意识地积累各方面的知识,广泛涉猎,优化自己的知识结构。

3. 语法知识不足。一篇阅读文章为我们提供了信息来源,因此,看懂每个词组及句子是解题的先决条件。为测试考生的语言理解能力,命题者往往还会在一些结构较复杂的句子或会产生异义的句子上设置问题,缺乏分析句子能力的考生往往会在这类问题上栽跟头。

4. 粗心大意,思维简单。在阅读时,粗心大意容易导致对细节把握不准确,或是以偏概全,或根据部分情节猜测其它部分情节或结果,结果对题目做出错误的选择。思维简单,往往就会忽略深究作者的弦外之音。因此,我们一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰,按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

5. 草率行事。在设计阅读理解题时,出题者往往会在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的选项,这样的选项干扰性特别强,容易迷惑考生。如果我们在发现一个看似正确的选项时就草率定夺,往往会掉进出题者设置的“陷阱”里。对这类短期处理的方法是:对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较,在理解阅读材料内容的基础上去伪存真,方可选出正确答案。

最后,我们要培养良好的阅读习惯,坚持每天做阅读理解题目。

有不少同学都是非常用功的好学生,少有以上所及的毛病,或正在弥补这些不足,但我们还要注意摒弃一些不良的阅读习惯,以顺利完成阅读,在有限的时间里起到最好的阅读效果。常见的不良习惯有:

1. 逐字照读。有些同学在阅读时常习惯于读出声音来,有的人虽然双唇不动,但也在心里逐字默读。这样的阅读方法将阅读速度降低至朗读速度,阅读效果大大降低。

2. 重复阅读。有的同学读了一段文字后总觉得没有把握,常将视线自觉或不自觉地返

回到已读过的内容,甚至会数次重复阅读,从而使其阅读速度大幅度下降。

3. 阅读过程中查阅生词。平日里在阅读语篇时,有些学生一遇到生词会立即停下来查词典或电子词典。由于思绪被打断,查好生词后已忘记了语篇的前后内容,于是再被迫回读。

4. 习惯于翻译阅读。有的同学在阅读的过程中常常会逐句地将其汉语意思翻译出来,再根据汉语意思对选项作出选择,这种方式更会大大降低阅读速度。我们应直接用英语进行思维,直接用英语得出结论。养成用英语思维的习惯也有助于在书面表达中写出较为纯正的英语句子。此外,阅读时要注意培养语感,留心词语的搭配,即惯用法,必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章,都应总结归纳一下,积累了多少单词、惯用语和句型,这样你的英语语感就会好起来。

5. 忽略时间。做阅读理解题时,一定要从整体上控制时间。时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边,等把全部题做完后,再回头来处理。因为做完题后,你的心情相对放松了,往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了,你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚,因为你仍然有选对的可能性。

俗话说:冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累,只要平时刻苦用功,打下扎实的英语知识基础,又掌握了较科学的解题方法,做阅读理解题是不会太难的。

阅读理解

Danny was just tired about the way things were going. His mum came to the school and went on and on about Rick Jackson. It seemed that she would never stop talking.“Somebody’s got to stop that boy!”she was shouting .“Rick’s troubling everybody in the neighborhood. And he loves to pick on (结交)little boys like Danny.”

Mrs Green, Danny’s teacher, was concerned (担心)a lot .“I didn’t know that Danny was being picked on .”she answered .“He’s never said anything about this to me! ”Mrs Green looked a Danny.“How long has this been going on ?”she asked .Danny could only shake his head and look at the floor. He knew if he said a word about this , he would have trouble after school.

Danny hadn’t said anything about the problem because he wanted to do things with the boys in the neighborhood. After all, most of them were nice to him. He hated to leave the gang just because of Rick. Maybe the time had come to find new friends . He felt it hard to make up his mind.

1. We learn from the reading that _________.

A. Danny was not a good student

B. Danny’s mother talked too much aabout the school.

C. Danny’s teacher knew something about Danny’s problem before .

D. Danny wanted to get away from Rick.

2. When Danny’s mother came for Mrs Green , the matter was now ______to Mrs Green .

A. serious

B. common

C. untrue

D. similar

3. Danny now_______

A. was tired of the school and his friends B . had no friends at all

C. was not sure what he should do with the problem

D. made some new friends in the neighborhood .

4. Danny didn’t say anything about the matter to Mrs Green because _______.

A. she had known it

B. the other boys would tell her .

C. he didn’t want to be in trouble

D. his mother didn’t want him to say it

5. The word “gang”in the reading means _________.

A. a place for boys to play games

B. a group of young people

C. a school bus for children to and from school

D. the teacher’s office

Light and shadow (影子)are friends . They usually go together. We receive light every day. At the same time , we produce (产生)shadow. Light can’t shine through you. Your body stops it from passing. There is a dark spot (斑点)on the ground next to you. The light cannot reach the dark spot. This is your shadow. At noon the sun shines over your head. Your body stops very little light from reaching the ground. So your shadow is quite short. But in the early morning or late afternoon the sun is low in the sky. Its light moves over more of your body. Then your shadow is quite long. Yours body keeps a lot of light from reaching the ground . We love light, especially sunlight. Without sunlight, life on earth is impossible. Most of us like to stand in the shadow of tree in summer. But some people are afraid of their own shadow at night. They do not want to walk in a dark street. They do not want to see the shadow , either . But still light and shadow usually go together.

1. He sentence “Light and shadow are friends ”means ______.

A. the shadow produce light

B. the light usually follows the shadow

C. most people like their own shadow

D. light and shadow usually go together .

2. Light cannot shine through you because ________.

A. it is too weak

B. your body stops it from passing

C. your body is tall and strong

D. there is a dark spot the ground next to you

3. Your body’s shadow is long because ___________

A. the sun is low in the sky in the early morning or late afternoon

B. the sun is over your head

C. your body stops very little light from reaching the ground

D. the sunlight is very strong at noon

4. It’s ______ in the shadow of a tree in summer, so many people like to stay there.

A. hot

B. warm

C. cool

D. cold

5. Which of the following is not true .

A. There will be no shadow without light

B. Shadow is produced when something stops the light from passing

C. We produce light when we receive it

D. Man, animals and plants have to live on sunlight .

A good way to pass an examination is to work hard every day in the year. You may fail in a examination if your are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the examination. If you are taking an English examination , do not only learn rules of grammar.

Try to read stories in English and speak English whenever you can . A few days before the examination you should start going to bed early. Do not stay up late at night studying and learning things . Before you start the examination , read carefully over the question paper. Try to understand exact(确切的)meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have at last finished your examination , read over your answer. Correct the mistakes if there are any and make sure that you have not missed anything out.

1. How can you do well in an examination?

(1)To work hard every day in the year

(2) To start going to bed early a few days before the examination

(3) To be careful in doing the question .

(4) To read over your answer before you hand in your paper.

A. You should do (1) and (2)

B. You should do (2) and (3) .

C. You should do (3) and (4)

D. You should do (1)、(2)and (3)

2. Learning rules of grammar ______ to pass an examination .

A. is enough

B. is not enough

C. isn’t necessary

D. isn’t useful

3. It is helpful ________.

(1) to read stories in English (2) to learn the rules of grammar

(3) to speak as much English as possible .

A. All of the three are true B Only (1)is not true

.C. Only (2) is not true D. Only (3) is not true

4. … and speak English whenever you can. The word “whenever”means_____

A. no matter when

B. what time

C. for ever

D. unless

5. … that you have not missed anything out . Here “miss out ”means _______.

A. think hard

B. gibe the wrong answer

C. not have enough time to do

D. fail to put in

中考英语阅读理解专项讲解

阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解,可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息

【英语】中考英语阅读理解经典题型带答案

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