高中一对一英语辅导：高二英语期末复习知识点汇总备课讲稿

对于英语来说，英语单词的积累是学好英语的基础，星火一对一英语辅导时老师为同学们整理了高二英语中一些重点单词以及其词组的固定用法，希望能够更好地为高二同学们提供英语辅导，各位同学可以依此来复习，以迎接期末考试哦！

单元一

1）achieve

表示“完成，到达”。

区别achieve，reach，gain：

achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。

reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。

gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。

2）condition

表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。

conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。

in good/poor condition状况好/不好。

out of condition状况不好。

on condition that在……条件下，假使。

on no condition决不。

3）connection

表示“连接，关系”。

connections亲戚。

in connection with与……有关。

4）behave

表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。

behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。

behave as起……作用，表现为……。

5）worthwhile

表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。

句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。

6）observe

表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。

observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。

后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。

observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。

7）respect

作动词，后直接跟宾语。

respect oneself自重，自尊。

作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。have respect to注意，考虑。

表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。

in respect of sth就某方面而言。

with respect to 涉及，关于。

8）argue

表示“争论，辩论”。

argue with sb（about/for…）（为/关于……）和某人辩论。

argue about就某事而论。

argue for/against…辩论赞成……/反对……。

argue back反驳。

argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事。

9）inspire

表示“鼓舞，激发”。

inspire sb（to do sth）赋予某人灵感，启迪。

inspire sb（with sth）/inspire sth in sb激励/鼓励某人的……。

形容词inspired表示“有创造力的，有雄心壮志的，受灵感启示的”；形容词inspiring 表示“鼓舞人心的，使人感兴趣的”。

10）support

作及物动词，表示“支撑，扶持，养活”。

作可数名词，表示“支撑物，支持的人/物，赡养者，赞助金”。

作不可数名词，表示“支持，养家，赡养”。

come to one’s support来支持某人。

in support后备的，准备给予支援的。

in support of支持，证明。

11）look down on/upon

表示“蔑视，瞧不起”。也可以用look one’s nose at来表示。

有关look的短语：

look for寻找，期待look forward to doing盼望做某事look on…as把……看作

look out朝外看，当心，注意，查出look through浏览，仔细查看，审核

look up查看，抬头看look after照顾look back on/to sth 追思，回顾

look in（on sb）顺便访问look into sth调查look over sth 检阅，检查

look to注意look sb up and down上下打量某人

12）explain

作及物动词，表示“解释，说明”，常接名词，代词，从句作宾语，若表示“向某人解释某事”，应说explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。

explain oneself为自己的行为辩解。

explain后接由连接代词或连接副词引导的不定式或短语作宾语。

13）strike

表示“打，击，敲”。

表示“通过摩擦产生（火花，光亮）。

表示“打动，引起，迷住，罢工”。

表示“打”时，常套用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表示身体某一部位的名词”句型中。

strike to向……打去。

strike for/against为争取/反对……而罢工。

srike sb down把某人打到，使某人丧命。

strike on sth意为获得/发现某事。

strike home击中要害。

14）consideration

表示“考虑，体谅”。

take sth into consideration考虑某事，体谅某事。

leave sth out of consideration忽略某事，不重视某事。

in consideration of sth作为对……的回报，考虑到。

15）deliver

表示“递送，释放，发表（演说）”。

deliver a baby接生。

deliver on sth不负重望，履行诺言。

16）devote

devote…to献身于……，专心于……。to是介词。

devote oneself to献身于，致力于，专心于。

形容词devoted表示“忠实的，热爱的，全心全意的”。be devoted to sb/sth 表示“对某人/某物忠实（热爱，全心全意）。

3.语法

主谓一致

主谓一致是指：

1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于zui.靠近它的词语，

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

2 主谓一致中的就近原则

1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与zui.邻近的主语保持一致。

2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与zui.邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和zui.邻近的主语一致。

3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

4 谓语需用单数

1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有

each, every, 谓语需用单数。

2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变）。

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

population的谓语动词形式与表语一致，一般来说与分数，百分数连用时，谓语动词

用复数。

6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。

2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than…of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

7 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only，就用复数形式。

在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

第二单元

1）hunger

名词，表示“饥饿，欲望”。

have a hunger for sth渴望做某事。

satisfied one’s hunger解饿。

作动词，表示“（使）饥饿”。hunger for/after表示“渴望得到”。

2）thanks to

表示“由于”。

区别thanks to，due to和owing to：

thanks to相当于on account of；because of ，多用于褒义。

owing to表示“因为”，只能作状语。

due to也表示“因为”，可作状语，可放在be后面，也可直接用在名词后面。

3）freedom

freedom of；freedom to do…表示“……的自由”。

freedom from…不受……的影响。

the freedom of sth随意使用某物的权利。

4）would rather

表示“宁愿，宁可”后接动词原形。

would rather do…than do…表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。

would rather后接省略that的宾语从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。

5）suitable

形容词“合适的，适当的”。

be suitable for/to sb/sth适合于……。

6）term

名词，表示“术语，期限，学期”。

带有term的短语：

holiday terms冠冕堂皇的言语，奉承的言语serve one’s term服刑in good set terms 用坚决严肃的语言in the long（short）term从长远（短期）来说in terms of用……的字眼，从……观点出发；换算，折合

7）refer to

向某人/某事物查询信息。

提到，说到，涉及到。

与某人有关。

适用于。

8）reduce

表示“减少，缩减，缩小，降低，简化”。

reduce…to减少到……；使陷入……的境遇；使成为……的情况；使变形，使变化；分解，化简。归纳成为。

reduce…by减少了……。

9）supply

作动词，表示“补给，供给，提供”。supply sb with sth=supply sth to/for sb。

作名词，表示“供给，供应”，是不可数名词。

表示“供应品，补给品”，是可数名词，常用复数形式。

in short supply缺少，供应不足。

have a large/good supply of…= have large supplies of…备有许多……。

10）whatever

作连接代词，表示“无论什么，凡是……”，引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter what…也可以引导名词性从句。

做疑问代词，意思是“（究竟是）什么”。

or whatever诸如此类。

作副词，常用于no+名词，nothing，none等之后，以加强语气。

11）summary

表示“总结，归纳，摘要”。

in summary总的来说。

作形容词，表示“简短的，迅速的，概括的”。

12）rid

rid sb of sth除掉某人的……。

get rid of意思是“除掉，除去，摆脱”。

13）regret

作动词，表示“后悔，懊恼，惋惜”。

作名词，表示“懊恼，遗憾，悔恨”。

regret sth/that…后悔某事。

regret doing sth后悔干了某事。

regret to do sth遗憾要干某事。

It is to be regretted that…遗憾的是……。

to one’s regret 抱歉，令某人遗憾的是。

3.语法

动名词作主语宾语与动词不定式

动名词

定义

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。

特征：动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词一些特征

一、动名词的作用

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、作主语

动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。

动名词作主语的几种类型

动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。

动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：

1. 直接位于句首做主语。

2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。

常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。

注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。

3. 用于“There be”结构中。

4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。

5. 动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(——这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。

6.例词

shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词

二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。

注意：

1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。

2)在“It is no use…”，“It is no good…”，“It is fun…”，“It is a waste of time…”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语。

3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语。

4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。

5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一。

2、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devo…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。

（2）作介词的宾语。

（3）作形容词的宾语。

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。

二、动名词的逻辑主语

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有

格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

a.无命名词

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

三、动名词的时态和语态

1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。

（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。

（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being 不可省略。

四、常见题型：

1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数。

2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词。

3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。

4）有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand…

5）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法

it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point…

6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。

五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同

动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这

两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。

区别：

1?动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是：

①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变。

②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置。

2?动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于：

动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质?状态或动作等。

被动语态

一、被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词。

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词。

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词。

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词。

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词。

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词。

二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

不定式

[不定式的简介]

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