汉英翻译技巧
Chapter2翻译磨刀石
对等译法1，好教徒 a faithful Christian 2，好父母 a loving parent
3，好儿女an obedient child4，好妻子 a virtuous wife
5，好丈夫 a dutiful husband6，好学生 a hardworking student
7，大风strong wind8，大雾thick fog
9，大雨heavy rain
二，翻译
1，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.
2，再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless,it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self- study in the matter of classics.
，寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。Dear young friends, my advice to you is:Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三，对等译法翻译
浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters称心如意be after one's own heart
皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go
一语道破hit the nail on the head出人头地be head and shoulders above others 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to破釜沉舟burn one's boat
视而不见turn a blind eye to大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四，对等译法翻译
熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.欲速则不达More haste, less speed
出门一里，不如家里East or west, home is best
拉入篮里就是菜All in fish that comes to the net
皇天不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits
小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines
三思而后行Look before you leap
无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire
増词译法
一，
就是小孩也能回答这个问题。Even a child can answer this question.
这是我们团的团长。This is a head of our delegation.
他把报纸搁在一边，打开无线电。He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。The Chinese people are industrious and brave.
我们应当相信群众。We must have faith in the masses.
指南针是中国发明的。The compass was invented in China.
月亮绕着地球转。The moon moves around the earth.
二，
请把练习本交上来。Hand in your exercise-books, please.
我不能用英语表达思想。I can't express myself in English.
自由主义观有各种表现。Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.
不要过分劳累。Don't overwork yourself.
我想借此机会想你们表达我们的感谢。I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.
三，
他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.
他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.
他眼明手快。He is quick of eye and deft of hand.
这篇文章浅显易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.
我对他敬而远之。I stood aloof from him.
四，
这本书很受青年们的欢迎。The book is very popular among young people.
他问到了你的病情。She inquired about your illness.
这座山海拔1000英尺。The mountain is 1,000 feet above the sea level.
出去时随手关门。Shut the door after you go out.
一点钟开饭。Dinner was at one o'clock.
我们为你们取得的每一次胜利感到欢欣鼓舞。We rejoice at every victory you win.
五，
发展体育运动，增强人民体质。Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.
老少男女都参加了战斗。Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle. 我们工作一不为名，二不为利。We worked neither for fame nor for personal again.
我们要趁热打铁。We should strike while the iron is hot.
我要在这里待到我学习结束为止。I shall stay here until I've completely my studies.
六，
凭你有李，杜的文，颜，曾的行，确实也没一个人来问你。
You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty,and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen-- both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.
班门弄斧to show off one's proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
济公劫富济贫。Jigong Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.
百花齐放let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views 黑孩子black children, who are born in violation of China's one-child policy
减词译法
一，
改革开放扭转了经济停滞不前的局面。Reform and and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.
他的粗鲁行为是我很震惊。His rudeness shocked me.
他担任了鲁迅作品的翻译任务。He has undertaken /taken up the translation of Lu Xun's works.
出口物资不得超过限定范围。The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.
讨论的范围涉及中美关系。The discussion covers Sino-US relations.
1969年夏天，政府公开主场缓和同中国的紧张关系。In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
他的傲慢态度使谁都不喜欢他。His arrogance made everyone dislike him.
现在节育生育已成为一种可行的办法了。Noe birth control became a possibility. 中国在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和环境保护活动。China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection.
会议中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual properties rights.
促进和平统一事业。Promote peaceful reunification.
今年上半年进出口计划的执行情况，也是很好的。Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.
二，
双方认为应把中美关系放在世界范围来看，应着眼于未来，着眼于21世纪。The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.
出现问题也容易纠正和改正。When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.
远近、长短、大小、高矮Distance,length, size,height
增强自立意识，竞争意识，效率意识，民主法律意识而后开拓创新意识。Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.
沉默啊！沉默！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence,silence!Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.
生产力是最活跃，最革命的因素，是社会发展的最终决定力量。Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.
中国共产党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求。代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表全国最广大人民的根本利益。Our party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces;the orientation of china's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.
三，
我进去看了，只记得门卫是个瑞士士兵，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
我们需要从其他国家进口先进工艺设备。We need to import advanced industrial equipment.
过去的经验告诉我们........Past experiences teach us....
那是个骗人的幌子。That is a facade.
艰苦奋斗的知识要贯彻始终。We must adhere to the principle of plain living and
hard struggle.
我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的知识。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.
这就彻底打破了他华而不实的梦想。This shattered his illusion.
我们强烈要求美国政府就这次事件向中国郑重道歉。We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.
鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.
合并译法
一，运用合并译法翻译。
花言巧语fine words油嘴滑舌glib tongue精疲力竭exhausted吞吞吐吐stumbling
调兵遣将move forces破釜沉舟burn one's boat
二，结合合并译法翻译。
我们就要有这个雄心壮志。We must have this ambition.
我穿上我那身破烂衣服，钻到那空甜桶里去呆着，这才发现自己自由自在，心满意足。I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again,and was free and satisfied.
这5场演出是场场爆满，座无虚席，许多观众只好立足观看。Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house,with many spectators having to stand.
他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.
他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.
海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the TaiWan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.
全体员工精诚团结，上下一心。All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.
你来之前，我无所事事，只是游手好闲，逢场作戏。Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.
他想远走高飞，免得心烦。He sought the distraction of distance.
转性译法
3他们的意见并没什么不同。There is no difference in their views.
24我们感到解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.
25代表们一致表示反对核武器。The delegates unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons.
26他的新书十分成功。His new book is a great success.
27他惊讶地望着我。He looked at me in amazement.
28阳光普照大地。The sun shines over the earth.
29那消息很快传遍全世界。The news quickly spread throughout the world.
30他的声音响彻整个屋子。Her voice rings through the house.
31这里人烟稠密。This area is densely populated.
32我们政府对留学国外的学生很关心。Our government shows great concern for the Chinese students abroad.
33他们热烈欢迎这位著名的作家。They give this famous writer a warm welcome.
34她不得已当了导游。She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.
35她急切地希望看到他。She has a strong desire to see him.
36我会立即回复。I will give an immediate reply.
37独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
38氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的化学反应很强。Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world;it is very active chemically.
39这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.
40地球的形状像一个大球。The earth is shaped like a big ball.
41他的目标是要成为一个成功的作家。He aims to be a successful writer.
42这咖啡有点巧克力的味道。This coffee tastes of chocolate.
43学生们都应该德智体全面发展。All the students should develop morally,intellectually and physically,
44雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously.
45如果旅馆都满客了，我们可以给你提供住处。We can house you if the hotels are full..
46无知和疏忽是这错误的原因。Ignorance and negligence has cause this mistake. 47橄榄枝是和平的象征。Oliver branch symbolizes peace.
48我们应该尊老爱幼。We should respect the old and love the young.
换型译法
63----请问，我能要点一杯清咖啡加糖吗？Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar,please?
-------也给我一杯清咖啡加糖。Give me the same please,
64当钟指向三点的时候，伊丽莎白觉得他必须要走了。但是她很不愿意离开。While the clock struck three,Elizabeth felt that she must go;and very unwillingly she said so.
65----你喜欢这个茶壶吗？Would you like this teapot?
--------不喜欢，我想要一个方形的茶壶。No ,I want a square one.
66实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。-This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.
67这是我唱的关键车间，设备还是比较齐全的。这些机械设备的上方，我们还装配了冷却通风设备，供暖设备以及通讯设备等。This is the key workshop in our factory.Here we have comparatively complete equipment.Cooling-fan installations,heating devices and communications facilities are also equipped over those machineries.
68我同你一样不知道。I do not know any more than you do.
69他不常发牢骚, 不过他发牢骚时，人们也不大理睬。He didn't often grumble ,and when he did,no one paid much attention to him.
70他起得很早，且一向如此。He rose early, as he had always done.
71尽管大部分人都向他鞠躬，但是他们一边鞠躬一边向地上吐吐沫。Although most of the people bowed to him,they spat into the dirt as they did so.
72彼得加入了我们组，我不知道戴维是不是会加入我们组。Peter is joining our group.I am not sure whether David will do so or not.
73我答应了给他买票，我一定要买到票。I promised to get a ticket for him and i will do so.
74人们说首相不久就要解散国会，并进行新的选举。他是否这么干，本人深表怀疑。They say that the prime minister will soon dissolve parliament and call for new elections.i doubt very much if he well do so!
褒贬译法
90人群gathering assembly /crowd/ mob肥胖的portly overweight tubby苗条的slim slender slim/ underweight thin fleshy /skinny gaunt lanky 朋友comrade friend crony 作家man of letter /writer wordmonger 坚持persevere continue persist
91他热衷于个人名利。He is always hankering after personal fame and gains. 92他热衷于花样滑冰。She is fond of figure skating.
93他贩卖皮货。He is in the fur trade.
94你这是在贩卖民族虚无主义。You are peddling national nihilism.
95他与侵略者合作，出卖了自己的国家。He collaborated with invaders and betrayed his motherland.
96我们应加强合作。We should enhance our mutual cooperation.
97他醉心于医学研究。He is deeply engrossed in medical research.
98那个人醉心名利。That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.
99坚决制止新的毁林开荒。It shall be strictly prohibited that more forests and pastures be turned onto farmland.
100中国的经济是一个大问题。China's economy is a major question.
101这个犟孩子不肯听父母的劝告。That stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents' advice.
102他以顽强的毅力完成了这项工作。He accomplished the work with stubborn effort.
Chapter6
直译1声东击西shout in the east and strike in the west2 刻骨铭心be engraved on one's heart and bones3 狗仗人势be like a dog counting on its master's backing 4呼风唤雨summon wind and rain 5口腹蜜剑be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 6屡教不改fail to mend one's way after repeated admontion7指鹿为马feel just like a fish in water8草木皆兵every bush and tree looks like an enemy9冰清玉洁be pure like jade and clear like ice10指鹿为马call a stag a horse
意译1虚怀若谷be very modest and extremely open-minded2如虎添翼with might redoubled3冷若冰霜be cold in manner4唇枪舌战heated verbal exchange or debate5甕中捉鳖be hopeless like a rat in a hole6南柯一梦illusory joy;fond dream 7噤若寒蝉keep quiet out of fear8指腹为婚the two had been engaged to each other before they were born9杯弓蛇影extremely suspicious10背井离乡leave one's native place against one's will
对等译法1顺水推舟sail with the wind2一丘之貉birds of a feather3七上八下
at sixes and sevens4大发雷霆hit the ceiling5非驴非马neither fish,flesh nor fowl6日暮途穷at the end of one's rope7毛骨悚然make one's hair stand on end8本末倒置put the cart before the horse9改弦易辙dance to another tune10 画蛇添足paint the lily
历史故事类1完璧归赵return sth to its owner in good condition2三顾茅庐repeatedly request somebody to take up a responsible post3负荆请罪offer a humble apology4纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist5 指鹿为马deliberately misrepresent6 沉鱼落雁be exceedingly beautiful7老骥伏枥able men tied down to a routine post8画龙点睛add the touch that brings a work of art to life9洛阳纸贵overwhelming popularity of a new book10 入木三分with bitter incisiveness
寓言故事1拔苗助长pull up the rice shoots with the intention of helping them to grow2 亡羊补牢lock the stable door after the horse has bolted3坐井观天look at the sky from the bottom of a well 4掩耳盗铃plug one's ears while stealing a bell 5杀鸡儆猴kill the chicken to frighten the monkey6狐假虎威bully people by flaunting one's powerful connections7刻舟求剑be stubbornly unimaginative8叶公好龙professed love of what one actually fears9守株待兔trust to chance and windfalls10 画饼充饥feed on illusions
翻译磨刀石1畅销sell like hot cakes 2抄近路cut corners3出身显贵be born in the purple4出卖某人sell sb down the river5 饭桶poor tool 6思维敏捷think on one's feet7放下架子get off one's high horse8放心breathe again9非常紧张with one's heart in one's mouth10非常健康fit as a fiddle11雷声大，雨点小much cry and little wool 12穷困潦倒be down and out 13设身处地put oneself in sb' s shoes 14使某人降级kick sb downstairs15使某人难堪take the wind out of sb 's sails 16讨厌have no use for17体会言外之意read between the lines18偷鸡不成蚀把米go for wool and come home shorn 19投身于thrown oneself in 20说大话talk big 21改变立场change one's ground 22改过自新mend one's ways23话中有话with the tongue in the cheek 24禁止put the lid on 25拘泥礼节stand on ceremony 26 决定性时刻zero hour 27埋头读书have one's nose in a book 28撵走某人send sb packing29扭转局势turn the tide 30弄清楚make head or tail of
汉语谚语的翻译
103独木不成林one tree does not make a forest.
104恭敬不如从命obedience is better than politeness.
105百闻不如一见it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times.割鸡焉用牛刀why make unnecessarily great efforts to do trivial things as using a butcher's ox-cleaver to kill a chicken?
106智者千虑必有一失even the wise are not always free from error.
107不在其位不谋其政he who is not in a particular office has nothing to do with plans for administration of its duties.
108差之毫厘，谬以千里a minimal error or deviation results in wide divergence. 109道高一尺魔高一丈as virtue rises one foot,vice rises ten.
110得道多助失道寡助a just cause enjoys abundant support. 工欲善其事必先利其器as artisan must first sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.
111时不我待time and tide waits for no man.言多必失the least said,the soonest
mended 滴水穿石constant dropping wears away a stone.
112 山中无老虎猴子称大王when the cat is away,the mice will play.
113近朱者赤近墨者黑he that lives with cripples learns to limp.
114天网恢恢疏而不漏the mills of god grind slowly but sure. 一言既出驷马难追a word spoken is past recalling.
115只要功夫深浅铁杵磨成针constant dropping wears away a stone. 世上无难事只怕有心人where there is a will ,there is a way.
116少壮不努力老大徒伤悲they must hunger in frost that will not work in heat. 连根拔tear up by the roots
125敲竹杠overcharge 抱粗腿latch on to the rich and powerful 连锅端get rid of the whole lot 窗帘裆裤work hand in glove with 唱对台戏put on rival show 开绿灯give the green light 泼冷水pour cold water on 唱反调sing a different tune挖空心思rack one's brains 试金石touchstone
歇后语
rickshaw men in the yard.
131半夜做恶梦----- 一场虚惊。Have a nightmare at midnight----have a false alarm.
132飞蛾扑火-----自取灭亡。Like a moth flying towards the fire----look for self--destruction
133狗拿耗子-----多管闲事like a dog trying to catch a rat--be very nosy
134聋子的耳朵----摆设like a deaf man's ears----pure useless decorations
135蚂蚱斗公鸡----自不量力like a grasshopper fighting against a rooster---do things beyond one's abilities.
136宋江的军师-----无用be useless
137老太婆上鸡窝----笨蛋be a fool
138卖草帽的丢扁担----留神be careful
139和尚打伞----无法无天be absolutely lawless
140外甥打灯笼----照旧do things according to the routine
Chapter9
9有饭大家吃let everybody share the food if there is any
会议即将开始，快把材料交给我because the meeting will begin,you should hand in the material to me soon
聪明一世，糊涂一时smart as a rule ,but this time a fool你
今天明天都可以来you can come today or tomorrow
我们为取得的进步感到自豪we are proud of the progress we have made他说的太好了，说的都相信他是无辜的了he spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence
当前，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市的生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆the present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind
他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常he had a disgusting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession
电流可以把动力传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by
an electric current
前些天小李还郁郁寡欢，今天看上去却是一脸的幸福xiao li was in blue the other day but is happy enough today
把小孩冻坏了，我们怎么向她的母亲交待？If the child catches a chill,what are we goingto say to its mother
他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思he spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him
总之，前途是光明的，道路是曲折的in a word,the prospect is bright but the road has twists and turns
他天天练习开车，很快就学会了he soon learnt how to drive because the practiced every day
为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中的那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分when i try to understand what is that prevents so many americans from being as happy as one might except,it seems to me that there are two causes,of which one goes much deeper than the other
曙色中的海岛美极了，晨曦柔和，彩云片片。澄澈的光影是无法描写也无法描画出来的dawnbreaks over the islands,very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds.there is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted
电子计算机之所以效率高，是因为其运算速度快，计算精确the effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation
他跳起来，连忙跑到洗手间的镜子前，拿掉毛巾，细看他腮上的伤口he jumped up and hastened to the mirror in the bathroom,taking away the towel to examine the cut upon his cheek
在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了in africa i met a boy,who was crying as if his heart wold break and said,when i spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had no food for two days 在我不再当电视制片人的三年间，我的大部分工作都是在家里使用计算机终端进行的for the last three years,since i stooped working as a television producer,i have done much of my work as a telecommuter
我的男朋友住在英国，但是我在中国，因此两人的关系也在很大程度上借助于电脑维系my boyfriend lives in england while i am in china so much of our relationship is also computer-assisted
抢着看了几眼女演员，不能多看，先找单位。一栋二层楼。人去楼空，像电影里的情节，失去联系，找不到组织了he only gave an quick glimpse at the actress;there was no time for more as he needed to find his workplace.he hurried to the two-storey building,only to find that everybody had left.it was just like the scene in the movie where the actor had lost touch with the organization and didn't know where to find it
月亮渐渐的升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑，已经听不见了。妻子在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊的哼着眠歌，我悄悄地披了大衫，带上门出去（朱自清和荷塘月色）a full moon was rising high in the sky:the laughter of children playing outside had died away;in the room,my wife was patting the son,run-er ,sleepily humming a cradlesong.shrugging on an overcoat,quietly,i made my way
out,closing the door behind me
你能作为一名真正的科学家或历史学家走出大学的大门，靠自己的力量继续探寻知识吗？随着阅历的增长与丰富，你能在学术方面继续提高并有所改变吗？Do you come out of the university as a real scientist or historian,able to continue to grow and change intellectually as your experiences multiply and diversify?老栓正在专心的走，忽然吃了一惊远远的看到一条丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻找一家关着门的铺子，蹙进檐下，靠门立住了（鲁迅呐喊）absorbed in his walking,old shuan was startled when he saw the crossed street lying distinctly ahead of him.he walked a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.
诊所门口挤了一大堆人there are a lot of people crowding outside the clinic
如果从水中除去足够多的热量，就可以把水变成冰the removal of enough heat from water may turn it into ice
那天恐怕是华盛顿最热的日子。路边冷饮摊车的生意红火的很，大人小孩几乎人手一瓶可乐或冰激凌that day must have been one of the hottest i experienced in washington.street vendors were doing a brisk in cold drink sales.almost everyone held a bottle of coke or some ice cream
在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国眼前利益，还要考虑前世界的长远利益when we tackle environment problems,consideration should be given to both the immediate interests of various and the long-term interests of the whole world运用被动结构）
应当指出，如果国际社会不能帮助发展中国家尽快摆脱贫穷和落后，世界就不能有持久的繁荣和发展it must be pointed out that unless the international community helps the developing countries to quickly get rid of poverty and backwardness,there can be no sustained growth or prosperity for the world尽管下着雨，他们还是来了they came in spite of the rain
从长远来看，我国的多数大城市都在有计划，分阶段的想着现代化，国际性城市的目标努力from a long-term point of view,most of china's major cities are working,in a planned way and by phases,toward the goal of becoming modern,international cities
在我们发展文化关系时，大学将向过去一样再次成为中美人民之间的重要交流成所as we advance our cultural relationship,universities will again be a crucial meeting-ground between chinese and americans,just as they were in an earlier era
四面八方立即伸出援助之手offers of help are coming in thick and fast出席大会的人都欢迎那个决定everybody present at the conference welcomed the decision 他告诉了我一件重要的事情he told me something important
中国主张，新一轮谈判的目标应当是：第一，有利于建立公平公正和合理的国际经济新秩序china believes that the new round of talks should be conducive,first,to the establishment of a fair,just and reasonable new international economic order....
请允许我代表中国体操协会向参加这次邀请赛的朋友们表示热烈的欢迎please allow me,on behalf of the Chinese Gymnastics Association,to extend a warm welcome to all our friends who have come for the Tournament
Chapter10
翻译磨刀石
一、主语换序
1如果在香港执行装运，我们可以更早些收到货物。If shipment were effected from HongKong,we could receive the goods much earlier.
2.各有关部门的领导同志出席了剪彩仪式。Leading comrades of various departments concerned were present at the ribbon-cutting ceremony.
3.发生了这样的事不是你的错。It;s not your fault that this has happened.
4.首先解决付款条件对我们是非常必要的。It;s necessary for us to settle the terms of payment first.
5.我代表中方组委会，热烈欢迎来自美国教育界的朋友，热烈欢迎来自祖国各地的教育界朋友。On behalf of the Chinese Steering Committee,I extend a warm welcome to all the participants from educational circles in America,as well as to those from all over our own.
转态译法
一、1.他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。He was set upon by two masked men
2.历史是人民创造的。History is made by the people.
3.庄稼让大水冲了。The crops were washed away by the flood
4.旧规章被废除The old rules have been done away with
5.这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评The boy was criticized yesterday
6.她为她姐姐所做的是而受谴责She was blamed for everything her sisters did
7.拦河坝把河流控制住了Rivers are controlled by dams
8.她被选为工会主席She was elected chairman of the Labor Union
9.接见同学们的是系主任助理The students were received by the dean assistant
10.中国人民的胜利不断受到人们的赞扬The success of the Chinese people is continually lauded.
11.30年代中国遭受了日本帝国主义的侵略In the thirties,China was invaded by the Japanese imperialists
12.小孩儿被他的父亲带走了The child was taken away by his father
13.推荐我的是一位教授I was recommended by a professor
14.她因勤奋工作受到表扬She was praised for her working hard
15.各受邀请国将由总理或外交部长任代表Every country invited will be represented by its Prime Minister or Foreign Mister.
二：1今天的报看了没有？Have you read today's papers?
2.这本书很难读懂The book reads difficuly.
3.这个练习要做吗Shall we do this excercise?
4.这时不要告诉他们Don't tell them about it
5.当时，当这个投资一亿元人民币的海底通道式水族馆建成使用时，中国旅游产品的传统格局一下子被打破了。The start of operations at the tunnel aquarium,which aninvestment of RMB100million,tipped the balance of the tourism product offerings in China.
三：1.路那时正在加宽the roads were veing wided.
2.生产成本这时大大降低了Production costs had been greatly reduced
3.电能可以输送到很远的地方electricity can be transmitted over a long distance
4.这种书是为儿童写的such books are written for children
5.这座大楼什么时候建成的when was the building completed?
6.他的父亲经营了这家工厂the factory is run by his father.
7.人的思想形成了语言language is shaped by human thought.
8.那儿讲什么语言？What language is spoken there?
9.昨天抓到了一个小偷a thief was caught yesterday
10.过了一会儿达成协议an agreement was arrived at after a while.
11.墙上挂着一幅毕加索的画a picture by Picasso is hung on he wall.
12.亭子里装了一部电话a telephone was fitted up in the pavilion
13.星期三将公布调查的结果the findings will be published on Wednesday
14.据说会不开了it is said that the meeting will not be held
15.决定让我去机场接他们it is decided that i will meet them at the airport.
16.大家（我们）知道，物质处于不断的运动中it is known that matter is n constant motion
17.有人问她感觉如何，她说：“呼吸困难。”when asked how she felt,she said,"i'm having troube breathing.'
18.人们间看到，他认为地球不是圆的，这一看法的根据相当不牢固.it will be seen that his reason for thinking the earth is not round is a rather precarious one. 19.请全体教师、干部，于3月16日星期五下午2:00在会议室集合听报告all teachers and staff are requested to meet in the conference room at 2:00pm on Friday,March 16 o hear a report.
20.据警方透露，涉嫌这次走私恐龙化石的犯罪团伙正在全力追捕中according to sources with the police,the gangsters who were alleged o have involved themselves with the smuggling of dinosaur egg fossil pieces were being investigated an hunted so as to bring them to justice.
Chapter15
1有些人生来比较聪明，有些人生来就笨吗？或智力是靠我们的环境和经历发展起来的吗？奇怪的是，、、、、、、、因此一个人的智力限度取决于他的生活坏境。Are some people born clever,and others stupid?Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?Strange enough,the answer to both these questions are yes.To some extent ,our intelligence is given us at birth,and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a limits of a person's intelligence will depend on his environment.
2 我们都说："是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说、、、、、、、这是我对你们的希望
"That is true,",we said in unison.Mother also nodded."So you must take after peanuts,"Father continued,"because they're useful though not great and nice-looking."
"Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,"I said. "That is what I expect of you,"Father continued.
3 春节刚过，新年的气氛还笼罩着乡村，农民们下地干活了。、、、、、满村满巷，一片欢乐勤奋景象。
The Spring Festival holidays were just over.There was still an air of festivity over the village'but after breakfast ,when the sun was bright and the day warm,the
peasants were back at work.The men had started carting manure to co-op fields while the women stayed at home spinning and weaving preparing summer clothes for their families.Wheels rolled and looms bummed.Everywhere was cheerful bustle.
4 街上很清静。有几个提着篮子买菜的厨子，、、、、、无数的麻雀在槐树上吱吱喳喳地叫个不停，欢迎初升的太阳。
The streets were quiet.Abroad were only cooks carrying their shopping baskets to the market,a peasant in from the countryside to collect night-soil,one or two peddlers of breakfast snacks.The sky was clear;golden sunshine shone on the walls of the mansion opposite.Sparrows twittered noisily in the locust trees,welcoming the new-born day.
5 为了看日出，我常常早那时天还没有大亮，天气非常清净，船上只有机器的响声。
天空还是一片浅蓝，颜色很浅。、、、、
果然过了一会儿，在那个地方出现了太阳小半边脸，、、、、、、、射的人眼睛发痛，他旁边的云片也突然有了光彩。
I would often get up early to watch sunrise when it was not yet quite light and all was quite excep for the droning of the ship engine.
The sky was pale with a bluish hue.Soon a steak of pink dawn broke over the horizon,expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter.Knowing that the sun was about to rise,I had my eyes fixed onhe distant edge of the sea.
As expectd,the sun soon appeared revealing half of its face,which was very red but not bright.It kept rising laboriously bit by bit as if weighted down with a heavy burden on its back until,after breaking through the rosy clouds,it completely emerged from the sea aglow with a lovely red.Then,before I knew it,the dark red orb began to shine blazingly,dazzling my eyes until they stung and all of a sudden lighting up the surrounding clouds.
1中国的封建社会是很重视教育的，这主要表现在两方面：（1)突出教师的崇高地位，提倡社会尊师。《礼记学记》云：“凡学之严师为难。、、、、、、、由此他得出结论说“：有师法者，人之大宝也；无师法者，人之大殃也。
The feudal China attached great importance to education.The major manifestations lie in pushing forward the preeminent status of teachers and calling the whole society to show respect to teachers.The Chapter On Learning in The book of Rites says,"In education,it is most difficult for a teacher to be strict.If the teacher is strict,the way of education is respected,then people come to attach importance to the learning.The idea is that when it comes to education,the most essential is to show respect to the teacher.Only by doing so,will the way be respected.Only by doing so,will the way be respected.Only by respect the way, will people come to attach importance to learning.In his book On Rites,Xunzi further pushes the status and functions of the teacher to a more preeminent position.He lists heaven and earth,the ancestor,and emperor and teacher together,believeing the emperor and the teacher are the most important in the management of a country.He says,"When a country is going to thrive,it will attach importance of teachers and masters."Therefore,he draws the conclusion
by saying ,"Whenever there is not a teacher to learn from ,the man will be involved in disaster."
2 中国文化在发展过程中吸纳了多元文化的成分，因此它特别具有一种厚度、强度和融化力。这就是中国历史上的许多外来文化，如犹太文化及其他周边民族的文化，、、、、、、、即使是西方世界的基督教文化，它也必须像利玛窦那样先习中国文化，然后才能找到立脚的机会。若是以强势压人，是不可能在中国文化里存在久远的。
In the course of development,the Chinese culture has absorbed elements of various other cultures.Therefore,the Chinese culture is characterized by its profoundness ,intensity and melting power.This accounts for the fact throughout Chinese culture has gradually assimilated and even absorbed foreign cultures such as the Jewish culture and the cultures of the nationalities around China.Looked from another aspect,any foreign culture which wants to be rooted and develop in the atmosphere of the Chinese culture should adapt itself to the Chinese culture and must transform itself gradually in accordance with the survival mechanisms of the China.Even for the Western Christian culture of India did in its course of spreading and development in China.Even for the Western Christian culture,it must do as Matteo Ricci did by learning the Chinese culture first and then trying to find opportunity to set foot on the Chinese culture.If it trys to be tyrannical,it will be impossible for the culture to survive in the Chinese culture for a long time.
3 曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很像亭亭的舞女的裙。、、、、、、、叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。
All over this winding stretch of water,what meets the eye is a silken field of leaves,reaching rather high above the surface,like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace.here and there,layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms,some in demure bloom,others in shy bud,like scattering pearls,or twinkling stars,or beauties just out of the bath.A breeze stirs,sending over breaths of fragrance,like a streak of lighting,straight across the forest of lotuses.The leaves ,which have been standing shoulder to shoulder,are caught trembling in an emerald heave of the pond.Underneath,the exquisite water is covered from view ,and none can tell its color;yet the leaves on top project themselves all the more attractively.
4 中国能加入世贸组织，是经济实现现代的需要，是建立和完善社会主义市场经济的需要，是在更大范围和更深程度上参与国际竞争与合作的需要。
China's accession to the WTO is necessitated by three factors;its economic modernization drive,the establishment and important and improvement of a socialist market economic system,as well as wider and deeper involvement in international competition and cooperation.
英汉翻译技巧
《英汉翻译技巧》教学大纲 一、课程的性质、目的、任务和基本要求 1、性质：本课程为专业必修课程，是英语专业一门重要的专业技能课，授课对象为英语专业本科三年级学生。 2、目的：通过本课程学习，使学生掌握必要翻译知识与翻译技巧，培养学生翻译实践能力，并提升其英语 语言运用意识，为后续课程及实践教学环节打下必要基础。 3、任务：（1）使学生深入理解翻译并了解国内外翻译研究动态。 （2）使学生掌握基本翻译技巧并能在翻译过程中加以运用。 （3）培养学生翻译实践能力。 （4）培养学生英语语言运用意识，强调书本知识与实践的结合。 此外，在教学过程中还必须有意识地培养自学能力，分析问题和解决问题能力。 4、基本要求：翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求： （1）词汇： 掌握10000－12000个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组；正确而熟练地使用其中5000－6000个词汇及最常用的搭配，能够运用到汉英互译中。 （2）语法： 熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想，侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 （3）阅读能力： 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评，理解文章大意，分辨事实与细节；能读懂有一定难度的历史传记及文学作品，理解其真实含义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语篇结构，语言特点和修辞手法。（4）翻译能力： 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句，写译的速度达到每小时250－300词。 二、教学安排 《英汉翻译技巧》课程涉及到双语的各项能力，因此技能测试是检查教学效果和检查学生语言水平和应用能力的重要手段，在各个教学阶段结束时安排测验和考试。测验着眼于考核学生的应用和技能的发挥。平时安排阶段测验，期末安排考试。课程学时安排：每周４学时。 学期总学时17 x 2= 34；周学时 2 x 2 = 4。 成绩评定标准：平时成绩占30%（包括出勤、练习、小组作业、讨论发言,翻译实践）；期末考试占70% 。 教学内容讲授学时 第一章翻译标准 1 第二章英汉语言对比 2 第三章直译与意译 1 第四章英汉翻译中词义的选择 2 第五章汉翻译中词类的转换 2 第六章英汉翻译中增补、省略与重复技巧 4 第七章拆译与缩译 2
汉英翻译技巧
Chapter2翻译磨刀石 对等译法1，好教徒 a faithful Christian 2，好父母 a loving parent 3，好儿女an obedient child4，好妻子 a virtuous wife 5，好丈夫 a dutiful husband6，好学生 a hardworking student 7，大风strong wind8，大雾thick fog 9，大雨heavy rain 二，翻译 1，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. 2，再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless,it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self- study in the matter of classics. ，寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。Dear young friends, my advice to you is:Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三，对等译法翻译 浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters称心如意be after one's own heart 皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go 一语道破hit the nail on the head出人头地be head and shoulders above others 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to破釜沉舟burn one's boat 视而不见turn a blind eye to大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四，对等译法翻译 熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.欲速则不达More haste, less speed 出门一里，不如家里East or west, home is best 拉入篮里就是菜All in fish that comes to the net 皇天不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits 小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines 三思而后行Look before you leap 无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire 増词译法 一， 就是小孩也能回答这个问题。Even a child can answer this question. 这是我们团的团长。This is a head of our delegation. 他把报纸搁在一边，打开无线电。He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 我们应当相信群众。We must have faith in the masses. 指南针是中国发明的。The compass was invented in China. 月亮绕着地球转。The moon moves around the earth. 二， 请把练习本交上来。Hand in your exercise-books, please. 我不能用英语表达思想。I can't express myself in English.
《英汉翻译课程教学大纲》
英汉翻译课程教学大纲 一、课程的目的和任务 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是，从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发，围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例，介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法，向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧，通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。通过学习，学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识，忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语，并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性，能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等，胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。同时，还要注重培养学生严谨的学风，避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。 适当补充口译实践，训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力，并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。 二、课程的基本要求 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段，其分别要求是： １、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求： （1）、词汇： 掌握10000－12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组；正确而熟练地使用其中5000－6000 个词 汇及最常用的搭配，能够运用到汉英互译中。 （2）语法： 熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想，侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 （3）阅读能力： 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评，理解文章大意，分辨事实与细节；能读懂有一定难度的 历史传记及文学作品，理解其真实含义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语篇结构，语言特点和修辞手法。 （4）翻译能力： 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句，写译的速度达到每小时250－300 词。 2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求： （1）词汇 1
汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主
语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序
e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。
汉译英的几种翻译技巧
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
英汉互译技巧
韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之：汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”，具体是指：中文长句中，第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则，第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么，第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时，可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则，长句一点儿都不可怕！这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握！详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异：中文结构“前轻后重”，中文结构事实、背景在前，表态、判断、结论在后，英文恰恰相反，是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸，“表态判断为主，事实背景为从”，在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则，逻辑一目了然，译文自然“行云流水”！详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式，即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好，它们说了算！可以不夸张地说，谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式，谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂！详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点，经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思，英译时必须压缩合并减译，提取核心意思，力求简洁、流畅，如：骄傲与自豪，千山万水，你中有我、我中有你，等等。中文还有一个典型特点，即“双动词现象”，如：调整和优化，提高和加强，保障和改善民生，加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例，这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词，调整的目的就是优化，而优化就是一种调整，直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”，“同义发散”，选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释，使用同义词进行替换等等，以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致，即，同义词替换多多益善！要从写作的高度看翻译！详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息，如：“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6
汉英翻译技巧汇总
汉英翻译技巧汇总 Title: 汉英翻译技巧：合并（Combination） Key words: combination, simple sentence, compound sentence, C-E translation Abstract: It discusses the technique of combination of simple and compound sentences. Compiler: 丁树德等 C-E （A） in terms of simple sentences （1）天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （2）理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （3）他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （4）年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （5）当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.（王大伟，"现代汉英翻译技巧"，世界图书出版公司，1999）（本科四年级以上） （B） in terms of compound sentences （6）她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. （"现代汉英翻译技巧" 王大伟世界图书出版公司1999） （7）这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with
英汉互译技巧
第五次课 I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化 Four situations when passive voice is used in English: 1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know 2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent 3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent 4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context 可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括（反之亦然）： 1．有标志的汉语被动句：“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等” 2．无标志的汉语被动句：形式主动，意义被动 3．部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句 4．一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型：“有人、人们、大家”作主语；“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知 等等” 他粗心大意，应当受到批评。不用被批评 He should be criticized for his carelessness. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字 The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time. 代表将由民主协商选举产生。 The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation. 艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 血债要用血来还。 Blood debts will have to be paid in blood. 到现在为止还没有得出结论。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 为这事已经拨了大笔款项。 A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 可以有把握地说，会议会如期举行。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。 Rubber is found to be a good insulating material. 据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看一部电影，一切都历历在目。 It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film. II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。
英语翻译技巧
英语翻译技巧 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
01英汉语言结构对比和翻译中的转换 形合与意合 定义及理论知识 1 英语是语法型语言，重语法结构：其语义通过形式表达出来。比如用 and 表示并列关系，用 if 表示条件关系，用 because 表示因果关系等。句子成分之间的逻辑关系靠关联词等显性连接。 汉语是语义型语言，通常汉语各分局之间的联系主要是通过逻辑纽带或语序之间接地表现出来，句子成分之间靠隐性连贯。 实例分析 2 ① Dear dear, think of me, if you won't think of yourself. When should I do when you die 哎呀！你就是不为自己着想，也得我我想想，你死了我怎么办呀 （译文中省略介词of和连词when、if） ②爹，你就是不为自己着想，也得为我想想，也得想到......俺娘。 Dad, think of me... and my mummy, if you won't think of yourself. （译文中增补介词of和连词if） ③ I may be wrong and you may be right, and by an effort, we may be nearer to be the truth. 也许我是错的，你是对的。我们做出努力，就会更接近真理。 （译文中省略了连词and） 举一反三 3 1. 听到这个消息，他满眼是泪。
2. 中国将努力促进国内粮食增长，在正常情况下，粮食自给率不低于95%。 02 英汉语言结构对比和翻译中的转换 形合转为意合 英译汉——形合转为意合 1 在英译汉时，要摆脱原文形合结构的束缚，尽可能采用意合方法，才能符合汉语的表达习惯，使译文流转自如，明白晓畅。 另外，英语中除了多用关联词外，还有其他连接手段，包括通过词的形态变化表示各种语法概念。 泰特勒（Alexander Fraser Tytler）对“好的翻译”所下的定义是：“原作的长处完全移注在另一语文里，似的译文文字所属的国家的人能明确地领悟，强烈地感受，正像用原作的语文的人们所领悟的，所感受的一样” 实例分析 2 ① Some delighted films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists.(Gilbert Highet, The Pleasure of Learning ) 由已故的耶鲁大学阿诺德·盖塞尔博士拍摄的几部有趣的电影表明，还没学会说话的小家伙们竟以探险家般的热情和兴奋来探究问题，以热诚的科学家们那种激情和专注来进行研究发现。 （句中 made by 构成过去分词短语作定语，修饰 films，两个现在分词investigating 和 making 则与宾语 creature 一起构成复合宾语。汉语中的动词没有词形变化，因此在汉语中就不必分谓语动词和非谓语动词）
【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧
【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧 选词，即选义择词，贯穿于整个翻译的实际操作过程之中。这里的“词”指表达某一实体或整体性概念的单词、词组和短语。“选义”是由人类语言的一词多义现象决定的。任何一种发展完备的人类语言，其中的大部分词汇都是一词多义。 例如单词charge动词含义有两个，在科技英语的环境下是“充电”，而在日常生活中是“索取（费用）”。名词通常是指“电流”。该如何措辞则要看具体语境了。此外，英语中有一些名词，同时有两个形容词，比如名词sun，它的形容词可以是sunny，也可以是solar，这里就有个辨义和确定词义的问题。 另外，语言使用中还普遍存在着一义多词的现象，即同一意思对应不同的词语。现代英语中不仅有许多词汇是从古英语演变而来，还有约80%的词汇从外国输入，经过历史变迁，这些词汇并存和融合，使英语一词多义，一义多词的现象特别普遍。因此译者除了具有辨义这项本领外，还要具备“择词”这方面的技巧。 无论是“选义”，还是“择词”，都离不开具体的语境。英国翻译理论家纽马克说，没有词是完全孤立的(No word is an island entire to itself.)，词的意义必然受到前后相邻词句的影响。 从词语与语境的关系看，有些词基本不受语境影响(context-free)，如意义相对固定单一的专有名词、科技术语、数量词等；有些词则受语境制约(context-bound)，如那些含有感情色彩、价值判断且意义极为丰富的普通名词、形容词、动词、副词等。对于这些词语，先利用各种手段确定其意，然后恰当措辞表达。下面介绍两种确定词义的方法。 一、根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义 理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。这是最关键、也是最容易出问题的一步。以下我们通过翻译实例来具体讲解在理解原文的前提下如何根据上下文确定词义： A．意群拆分确定词义： “In short”， a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabl e directions.” 本句可以分四个意群来确定词义： 第一个意群：in short 简言之 school 学派 contend 坚持认为，争辩，讨论 第二个意群：the scientific revolution 科学革命（不可译为“科技革命”）as we
汉英翻译技巧.
汉英翻译技巧 汉英翻译技巧1:合并(Combination (1 天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。 It was so cold that the river froze. (2 理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. (3 他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。 He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. (4 年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. (5 当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。 At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors. (6 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. (7 这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed. (8 只要看一眼这封信,你就会明白你上当了。
汉英翻译技巧增词
C-E 汉英翻译技巧：增词(Amplification ) 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. （增加背景知识）(丁树德：《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》，天津大学出版社) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. （增连词）(靳梅琳：《英汉翻译概要》，南开大学出版社) 要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. (许建平：《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学出版社） 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. （增回概括性词）(丁树德：《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》，天津大学出版社） 这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. （增物主代词，连词和宾语）(冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社) 老虎和猫同科。 The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals. （增冠词）(林佩汀：《中英对译技巧》，世界图书出版公司) 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. （增形式主词it）(林佩汀：《中英对译技巧》，世界图书出版公司) 该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region. (许建平：《英汉互译实践与技巧》，清华大学出版社） 请报水果罐头的最低价。 You are kindly requested to let us have your best quotation for the canned fruits. （王恩冕、李正中：《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社） 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub? （增主语，表条件的连词）(丁树德：《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》，天津大学出版社)
英语翻译技巧实例
英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法： 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如： （1） Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译） （2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译） 6.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或
进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置） （2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置） （3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1. 词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message? (你要不要留个话儿?)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1 According to the new s chool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。 ［注释］：许多人把scale译为"范围"，和文章的语篇意思和句子的确切含义大相径庭。
汉英翻译技巧未完待续
汉英翻译技巧 汉英翻译需要注意三点：术语翻译、句段翻译、翻译格式要求 第一步: 翻译前准备：操作步骤如下， Word工具选项视图 选中各种符号，包括制表符、隐藏文字等。要求显示空格、制表符、回车以及各种分隔符以及隐藏文字。 同时在“拼写和语法”中
选择键入时检查拼写。 同时，将电脑屏显设置成护眼模式，除了缓解视疲劳以外，更重要的是让我们看清文字的页面布局。如下所示： 如果出现白色背景，表示文件有独立的页面设置，这样的设置会影响其他文件的设置，所以 我们要将其清除。可以选择清除格式，然后将字体设置成所需格式。处理后应如图下图所示 第二步：术语翻译 1.术语的选择 我们所指的术语就是一些专业名词。首先我们要确定那些词是我们需要关注的术 语。 例如: 1. 本项目起点位于S105与合肥南环高速交叉的龙塘互通立交东1公里处，终点位于巢湖市S105（巢湖市长江东路）与半汤路平交口处，路线全长50.595833公里（其中左线长1.478259公里，右线长1.464262公里）。 翻译人员将”半汤路平”做为术语显然是不对的. 如果术语选择都出错的话,那么翻译肯定就是错的了. 关于术语的选择我们可以借助"百度",通过百度知道进行确
认,显然”半汤路”,是一条路名.这才是 我们要翻译的内容.在进行术语翻译前,对术语进行的分析也要借助百度,对术语进行理解,有的时候术语的行业术语的缩写有特定含义，我们要充分理解。从而判断术语之间的结构,这是术语准确的前提. 2.术语翻译 术语翻译步骤如下: A.通过金山词霸，根据所属领域，确定核心词的意思。例如，对称式路灯透镜， 首先确定核心词是透镜，在金山词霸中确定意思。 B.在google中搜索 ，发现无匹配词。 C.拆词：， 可以优先选择百度百科和各种论文中的词汇，当然如果有多种参考可以选择应用较多的词语，即高频词汇。如果拆分后仍然没有结果，就继续拆分，或者参考类似词语。词语拆分过程中，例如XXX式，XXX 型之类的词可以拆出，形容性质的词可以拆出。 3. 术语记忆。对于初入行者而言，记忆术语是比较困难的。所以经常会导致术语不一致的现象。对此，可以借助word的一些功能进行辅助。可以使用“术语【术语译文】”替换“术语”，例如：“对称式路灯透镜【symmetrical street lamp lens】”替换“对称式路灯透镜”，这样即出现了术语，节约了时间，又可以防止小术语将大术语拆分。最后可以通过通配符将符号去掉。