英汉翻译被动与主动
之前总结过英汉翻译宏观上的句法差异主要有10点：
1.英语重结构，汉语重语义。
2.英语多长句，汉语多短句。
3.英语多从句，汉语多分句。
4.英语多静态，汉语多动态。英语多物称，汉语多人称。
5.英语多被动，汉语多主动。
6.英语多变化，汉语多重复。
7.英语多抽象，汉语多具体。
8.英语多引申，汉语多推理。
9.英语多省略，汉语多补充。
10.英语多前重，汉语多后重。
英语中被动语态
（1）为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性
?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。
?National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.
（2）便于上下文的连贯、衔接。
?他出现在台上，观众给与热烈鼓掌。
?He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
（3）为了使措辞得当、语气委婉
?来宾请出示入场券。
?Visitors are requested to show their tickets.
Assignment 7
Passive vs. Active
As we have mentioned in the previous units, the passive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被动语体的习惯用语需要记忆：it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．) Exercise:
英语多被动（正式文体的要求），汉语多主动。
1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。
I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job.
2. 很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。
?I’m sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain
3.采取一国两制适合中国国情, 并非权宜之计。
One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for China's national conditions, not shake-up.
4.那个孩子受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。
The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital.
5.凡是做工，都是把能从一种形式转换成另一种形式。
All work can be converted from one form into another kind of form.
英语被动翻译成汉语的主动形式。
1.保留原主语，被动变主动。
The ticket has been sold out. 票卖完了。
2.将英语中的主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性词语，如“人
们”“大家”等做主语。
it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．)
3.翻译为汉语的无主句。
It is hoped that…希望…
It is supposed that…据推测…
4.翻译为汉语中的判断句，是…的。
Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.
自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
5.翻译为汉语的被动句，汉语——被，给，遭到，受到，把，
使，用，唯…所，由…
He was left in the cold. 他遭到冷遇。
I was troubled by toothache. 我受尽了牙疼的折磨。
6.动词不定式的被动形式做定语时，通常表示按计划或要求表
示的动作，含有将来的意思。“要”“将”“待”“应”“需”等词。
The chief difficulty to be overcome in aviation is the supply of oil while in the air.
航空中，要克服的主要困难是空中加油问题。
英语翻译基础期末复习完整
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
英语翻译法与直接法的比较与结合(2)
英语知识 2．2 直接法的主要特征 直接法着重口头表达和自然交际，语言学习始于日常表达，而非古老的语言文学。课堂行为用目的语以口头形式展开，强调模仿，培养语言习惯。大部分时间用于提问和回答，练习包括替换、听写和叙述等形式，课堂上还会涉及听力理解，听力不是游离于口语之外的技巧。而是其基础，听力知识也会转化为口语知识，一其学习也有利于其他技能的训练。在直接法中，通过已知的外语词汇或其他辅助手段，直接学习新词语和表达法，具体词汇用物体或图画示范，抽象词汇则用意义联系讲授，不采用母语作参照，教师采用外语授课，充分利用手势、动作、表情、实物、图画等直观手段，讲解避免翻译和语法阐释，将新语言直接与外部世界联系起来，通过直接法，目的语在语内习得，意旨在第二语言(外语)内部，将其作为惟一参考的教学方式，不借助翻译是这一方法的一大特点，仅用外语进行传授，不涉及两种语言的翻译转换，单语可以帮助学习者在二语内部建立言辞关联，使学习者能够在没有母语辅助的情况下驾驭二语系统，同样，通过语内策略，口头表达直接与物体、情境以及思想直接相连。这种论点是直接法的基石，基于此，二语的学习更接近于第一语言(母语)似的直觉学习，语法规则的教学采取归纳式，学习者的错误被容忍，课堂上，教师须激励学生直接、自觉地使用外语，再归纳出语法规则，由于学习者需自己总结语言点，难免会犯错，如果交流中犯错，教师不会打断、纠正，以免影响其兴趣，相反，鼓励他们用外语思考，积极使用二语，重在理解和交际。 2．3 直接法的目标 直接法强调口语优先于其他方面，以保证交流，口头表述
作为初期教学目标，有别于前者。口语的重要性体现在教学法和课堂表现上，听说先于写作，小班集中授课，教师与学生之间通过提问——回答逐步训练口头表达技巧。 2．4 直接法的优势和劣势 外语能力的一大特征是能够口头表达，有效地进行交际，直接法倡导的口语，是交际中最受欢迎的外语使用形式。课堂上，教师创造气氛使学习者在会话中运用新语言，熟悉语音、语调以及如何断句，从最常使用的日常习惯表达人手，以增强、维持兴趣和自信，学习者自如流畅地用目标语进行交流。也会促进理解和感悟，学习者完全置身于逼真的外语环境中，使得二语学习似母语般自然。仅使用外语的教学手段使得外语信息集中输入学习者脑中，只要输入的信息无误，学习者可以自动地、不费力地掌握二语，自然会从这一方法中获益，加快学习进度，此外，高级阶段用外语思考，会促使其不断接近二语水准。 但是，直接法过分强调和歪曲了自然的母语学习与课堂外语习得间的相似性，把课堂与外部现实世界等同起来，因其缺乏强有力的语言学理论根据，对许多语言现象缺乏科学、系统阐释，屡遭抨击。直接法要求教师的母语即为目标语，或具有类似语言水平的专业人士。并非所有教师都可以依靠其自身能力和技巧掌控课堂。主要问题在于，直接法是用外语授课，尽量避免使用母语。 3 语法翻译法和直接法的结合 对于英语教学中的语法翻译法和直接法，采用哪一种方法，这与教学目标有关。我们通常把熟练运用作为主要教学目的或目标，将其界定为听、说、读、写四种技巧，或日交际能力。听说与读写同样重要，两种教学法都应该发挥各自的作用，不
英汉语主被动对比与翻译
英汉语主被动对比与翻译 一、概念 主动与被动体现主语和谓语动词之间的语法关系。所谓主动，是指行为的发出者在句子里是主语，即施事；而被动是指充当句子主语的是某一行为作用的对象，即受事。 二、汉语的被动式与翻译 汉语中表达被动概念有三种形式：带有被动标记的被动式、不带有被动标记的意念被动式和无主句。 一）带有被动标记的被动式 带有被动标记的被动式，是指借助词汇手段实现的。主要有“被、由、给、把、让、受、挨、为、使、于、蒙、经、叫、遭受、加以、予以、为……所、是……的、在……中”等。此类被动句一般表示较强的被动意义，侧重于行为的表达，翻译时一般译成英语的被动句。如： 1. 救济品很快被送到火灾的灾民手中。 Relief was quickly sent to the sufferers from the fire. 2. 这些发动机由蒸汽驱动。 The engines are driven by steam. 二）不带有被动标记的被动式 此类句子中的主语或话题实际上是动作的承受者。句子形式主动，而意义被动。一般情况下，译成英语，可使用被动式。 1. 这座桥将于今年年底建成。 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 2. 地图挂在墙上。 A map was hung on the wall. 三）无主句 无主句通常可以用主动形式表达被动意义。一般情况下，可以用英语被动式表达该类无主句。 必须保证8小时睡眠。 Eight hours’ sleep must ne guaranteed. 但如果选择的英语动词的意义和英语的行文习惯，也可以用主动式。 洋车夫疑心他醉了，回头叫他别动，车不好拉。 Suspecting he was drunk, the rickshaw puller turned his head and asked him to keep still, for it was hard to pull the rickshaw. 三、英语的被动式与翻译、 鉴于以上汉语被动句的三种表达方式，我们在翻译英语被动句的时候，要找出适当的被动形式，因为汉语表达被动式的词存在语体等方面的差异，如积极意义（被、受/到）和消极意义（挨、糟）的差异，抽象和具体的差异，口语体（给、叫、让+ 施事）和书面语体差异等。 一般来说，英语被动语态翻译成汉语时，有两种情况：
汉英新闻翻译策略
汉英新闻翻译策略 美国新闻学者约斯特认为: “新闻是已经发生或正在发生的事实的报道。”从中可以看出新闻的根本特点：新闻是对信息的报道, 新闻的时效性很强, 客观性是新闻的灵魂。 新闻一般包括标题、导语和正文三个部分。标题高度概况了整条新闻的主要内容, 被喻为“新闻的眼睛”, 是信息量最集中、最丰富的地方。新闻标题的功能包括五个方面: 把最精彩的内容揭示给读者, 用最短的文字阐明内容主旨, 以特殊方式表达报纸的倾向性, 凭借特殊强势吸引读者, 选择让人震撼的语句激励读者。导语简要交代整条新闻的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要素, 通常称为5W, 这些有时甚至用一句话表达。正文则体现前重后轻的做法, 先提供重要的信息, 再补充必要的背景报道, 所谓“倒金字塔”结构。 纽马克认为,采取何种翻译方法取决于三个因素：文本类型(type of text) 、读者身份(nature of thereadership) 和翻译目的(purpose of the translation) 。具体而言,译者可以打破新闻原文的形式上的束缚,在标题、词汇和句法结构上进行改写(rewriting) 。在出发语和目的语之间发生矛盾时,要优先考虑目的语的表达习惯。“好的翻译听起来不像是翻译”(奈达) ,而像译者用目的语写作的产物。交际翻译法的实质是意译、归化、适度再创造。 1．标题改写 新闻标题的功能是提炼内容、美化版面和吸引读者(郜书锴,2002) 。好的新闻标题常常具有简约、醒目、概括、风趣的特点(刘宓庆,1998 :82) 。标题翻译的好坏,直接影响着整篇新闻翻译的交际效果和读者的兴趣。纽马克认为:“Normally, as a translator, you are entitled to …change? the title of your text . ”(2001 : 156) 因此,除了极少数采用语义翻译外,译者都在标题翻译上下了很大功夫用交际翻译法处理。 标题翻译应积极地揭示新闻内容, 兼顾中英文标题的差异性和考虑读者的接受能力, 可采用以下三种策略: 其一, 如果标题含义明白、直接而且信息功能强烈, 译成目标语后读者不至于产生理解上的困难, 则可直译或基本直译, 例如: “Looking Back to Look Ahead——回首往昔展望未来”; “Olymp ics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold——奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌”, 但中英文采用通栏标题或对仗式标题, 不完全一致。其二, 标题译成目标语能保留原文的重要信息和审美价值, 又不至于使读者产生理解上的困难。例如: “A V ow to Zip his Lips (夸张) ——誓要守口如瓶”; “So lar System Search from Space (头韵) ——从太空对太阳系进行探索”。“Zip”和“守口如瓶”并不对应, 但译文和原文对接受者的作用和接受者
英汉词语比较与翻译
第三章英汉词语比较与翻译对等 第一节翻译对等 Equivalence is the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT) that allows the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first Place. 对等是翻译理论中的中心概念。 卡特福德认为翻译的中心任务就是确定翻译对等的性质和条件。 奈达提出了“动态对等”与“形式对等”这两个概念。形式对等：原语文本的形式在目的语中被机械地再现，目的是允许原语文本以自己的表达方式说话，而非经过调整来适应目的语文化，实践中，既不分句也不合句并保留标点和分段等形式标示。由于两种语言之间的差异，这类翻译扭曲了目的语的语法和文体风格，从而导致信息歪曲。运用形式对等主要是追求翻译的精确性并尽可能保留原语的形式。形式对等有其局限性，但有时却是最为合适的翻译策略。动态对等就是将原语译成目的语后，目的语读者的反应与原语读者读原语时的反应一致。它通过分析、转移和重建三个过程来实现，进行动态对等翻译包括：运用适合目的语文化的表达法去替代原语中的相应表达法；使原语文本中语言上隐含的信息明显化；为了增进理解增加一定量的冗余表达。例如，奈达将《圣经》中的“Lamb of God”译为“Seal of God”。有时功能对等也被用来代替奈达提出的动态对等。 第二节英汉词语比较与翻译对等 词的意义是它在特定的语言系统中的具体价值或通过在特定语言系统中的运用而具有的个性。 词的意义可分为四种：命题意义(propositional meaning)、表情意义(expressive meaning) 、搭配意义(collocational meaning)和唤起意义(evoked meaning)。 命题意义描述一个词与现实世界或想象世界中所指称或描述的事物之间的关系，是判断话语是真还是假的基础。语言以符号的方式描绘经验世界。 人总是能够说出他们经验当中的任何事物，因为语言符号覆盖了这个经验世界。但是，语言对经验世界的分割表现出若干层次性。词对于世界的分割应表现为不同的层次。 English: skill craft craft guild 汉语：技巧技巧行会行会
英语翻译期末试卷
黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.
英汉翻译被动与主动
之前总结过英汉翻译宏观上的句法差异主要有10点： 1.英语重结构，汉语重语义。 2.英语多长句，汉语多短句。 3.英语多从句，汉语多分句。 4.英语多静态，汉语多动态。英语多物称，汉语多人称。 5.英语多被动，汉语多主动。 6.英语多变化，汉语多重复。 7.英语多抽象，汉语多具体。 8.英语多引申，汉语多推理。 9.英语多省略，汉语多补充。 10.英语多前重，汉语多后重。 英语中被动语态 （1）为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性 ?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。 ?National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. （2）便于上下文的连贯、衔接。 ?他出现在台上，观众给与热烈鼓掌。 ?He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. （3）为了使措辞得当、语气委婉 ?来宾请出示入场券。
?Visitors are requested to show their tickets. Assignment 7 Passive vs. Active As we have mentioned in the previous units, the passive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被动语体的习惯用语需要记忆：it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．) Exercise: 英语多被动（正式文体的要求），汉语多主动。 1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job. 2. 很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 ?I’m sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain 3.采取一国两制适合中国国情, 并非权宜之计。 One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for China's national conditions, not shake-up.
最新时政新闻(两会)词汇汉英翻译
最新时政新闻（两会）英汉词汇翻译 1.新思想 new thought 2.新常态 new normal 3.新增长目标 new growth target 4.新反腐模式 New anti-corruption model 5.民生 people's livelihood 6.扶贫 poverty alleviation 7.国防 national defense 8.改革开放40周年 40 years of reform and opening up 9.中国梦 the Chinese Dream 10.人类命运共同体 a community with shared future for humanity 11.五位一体economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress 12.四个全面 the four-pronged comprehensive strategy 13.一带一路 the Belt and Road Initiative 14.文化自信 cultural confidence 15.获得感 sense of benefit 16.成就感 sense of achievement 17.城市群 city cluster 18.低碳城市 low-carbon cities 19.智能制造 intelligent manufacturing 20.中国制造2025 Made in China 2025 21.工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit 22.中国天眼：500米口 径球面射电望远镜 （FAST） China's Eye of Heaven: The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) 23.国产航母 domestically built aircraft carrier 24.国产客机 homemade passenger jet 25.数字家庭 digital homes 26.数字经济 digital economy 27.人工智能 artificial intelligence 28.第五代移动通信 5G mobile communications 29.自媒体 We-Media 30.自贸试验区 pilot free trade zones 31.医疗改革 medical reform 32.国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 33.居民消费价格 Consumer Price Index (CPI) 34.税收减免 tax reduction and exemption 35.去产能 reducing excess capacity
英汉翻译期末考试题 样卷
样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷（A） 考核方式：开卷 考核对象：国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间：120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译： 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译： PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0914009113.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1
英汉翻译 之 合译法
英汉翻译之合译法 合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译，特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候，汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词，或重复使用某一代词作主语，这这种情况下，往往将原文数句合译为一句。 This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler. 这部小说纯属胡编乱造，没有多大文学价值。 I wasn’t an enemy, in fact or in feeling, I was an ally. 无论在事实上，还是在情感上，我都不是他们的敌人，而是他们的盟友。 Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order. 孔子信仰道德的行为，信仰我们今天所说的人的发展，提倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。 Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection. 年轻人总是不停地探索，急于实验，乐于接受新的思想。他们充满活力，永不满足，追求尽善尽美。 有时候是为了行文紧凑、简练的原则而将两句或数句合并为一句来翻译； I was slow to understand the deep grievance of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. 我迟迟未能理解女人的深切苦楚，因为我小时候曾羡慕过她们。 A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy. 住在新郊区的人，觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡下，非常开心，因为这种城乡妥协之地是他喜欢的。 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset. 将近傍晚，法军的攻势逐渐松懈，或许因为它们除了英国人之外还有别的交战敌人，或许正在准备发动最后的一次总攻击。 Although the size of the task waiting to be carried out is daunting and there are many hurdles to be overcome, it would be wrong to end my address on a note of pessimism. Many countries have already made considerable progress in this regard. 尽管等待我们去完成的任务规模之大令人畏惧，尽管有许多障碍有待克服，但是以悲观的调子来结束我的发言是错误的，因为许多国家在此方面已经取得了长足的进步。 合译时，可充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用； Nine of the 13 children have never held a meaningful job, nor do they care to. Only one of
英语期末考试翻译句子
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.