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人称代词和物主代词用法

人称代词和物主代词用法
人称代词和物主代词用法

英语人称代词和物主代词的用法

英语的人称代词(Personal Pronoun有三种不同的人称形式:第一人称(First Person);第二人称(Seco nd Person ;第三人称(Third Persor)。三种人称又各有单、复数形式。.在上列人称代词的不同形式中,还包含了主格(Subjective Case、宾格(Objective Case)两种“格”的形式。这样,从“格”的形式来划分,英语的人称代词又可归纳为:主格:I,you, he, she, it,we, you, they 宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 此外,还有所有格形式。属格:my, mine, your, yours, his, her,

hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs属格又可分为两类:一类是形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)即“物主限定词”;另一类是名词性物主代词(mi ne, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs), 即“物主代词”。

人称代词用法:

1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:

Joh n waited a while but eve ntually he went home.

约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。

Joh n hoped the passe nger would be Mary and in deed it was she.

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。

说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句

中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作

宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介

词宾语,her做主语补语)

a. -- Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶?

b.-- Me. --我。(me 做主语补语= It's me.)

说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

人称代词主宾格的替换

1)宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。

-- I like English. -- Me too.

-- Have more wine? -- Not me.

--我喜欢英语。

--我也喜欢。

--再来点酒喝吗? --我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。

He is taller tha n I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2)主格代替宾格

a.在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。

b.在电话用语中常用主格。

- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而

I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格-- -主

I thought it to be her. (宾格-- --宾

I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。(主格-- --主

They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。(宾格- --宾

物主代词的定义:物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据

其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词(如:This is my book. 这是我的书。),名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词(如:This book is mine. 这本书是我的。)。

物主代词的用法:

1、物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his

desk. 约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s 属格结构,例如:

Jack's cap 意为The cap is Jack's.

His cap 意为The cap is his.

2、形容词性物主代词的句法功能形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前,用作定语,限定该名词的意义。例如:

My name is John Gree n我叫约翰?格林。

Excuse me, is this your car?对不起,这是您的车吗?

His pare nts are in En gla nd 他的父母在英国。

They wash their faces every day他们每天都洗脸。(本句中的their无须译出)

3、名词性物主代词的句法功能

a.作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔

吗?你的比我的好用。

b.作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国

就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c.作介词宾语,例如:

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d.作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形

容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.为避免重复使用bag,可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.

1._______ (我) am a teacher.

2.My father is talking with __ (我).

3.This is ____ (我的) book.

4._____ (他的) chair is blue.

5._____ (我们的) classroom is big.

6._____ (他) often plays basketball after school.

7._____ (他的) teacher is good.

8._____ (我们) buy a pair of shoes for ____ 他( ).

9.____________ Please pass 我( 们) the ball.

10.______ (他们) are listening to the radio.

11.______ (我) am a teacher.

12.___________ This is ____________________ (她的) bag. That is

________________ 他( 的)

13.______ (他的) cap is blue. ___________ (我们的) are yellow.

14.Our chair is better than ______ ( they).

15.I will give the presents to ____ (they).

16.____________________ These books are _____ (I), and those are

__________________________ (you).

17.____________________ My ruler is long. ( you ) is short.

18._______________________________ My bike is broken. May I borrow ________________________________ ( she)?

19.__________________ C an you show (I) your book?

20.It' s time for ____ (they) to go home.

21._______________________ Mr. Green often tells (we) some stories.

22._________________________________ These are not your desks. They are ________________________________ (our).

23.__________________________ This is not my shirt. It 's (he)

24.I saw _______ (she) in the shop yesterday.

参考答案:

1. I

2. me

3. my

4. His

5. Our

6. He

7. His

8. We, him

9. us 10. They 11.I 12. her, his 13. His, ours 14. theirs 15. them 16. mine, yours 17. yours 18. hers 19. me 20. them 21. us 22. ours 23. his 24. her

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