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2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) Word版含解析

2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) Word版含解析
2020届英语高考二轮专题复习与测试:题型组合练(三十一) Word版含解析

题型组合练(三十一)阅读理解+语法填空

+短文改错

Ⅰ.阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

(2019·福建三校高三联考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year,according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.

It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.

The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM) (颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns.These particulates can enter deep into the lungs,and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks,strokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants,cars and trucks,fires,agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物).

Led by Joshua Apte,the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.

“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well-known,”said Apte.“And we all care about how long we can live.Here,we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about a year globally.”

In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates,Apte said this is a big number.“For example,it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,”he said.“In countries like India and China,the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.For much of Asia,if air pollution were removed as a risk for death,60-year-olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”

1.What do we know about PM 2.5 ?

A.It has a bad effect on human health.

B.It will be controlled in the future.

C.It mainly comes from industrial emissions.

D.It spreads to the world from Asian countries.

2.What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?

A.They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.

B.They employed the research data to calculate the effect.

C.They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.

D.They measured particulate matter much more carefully than

before.

3.What can be inferred from the text?

A.The key to people living longer is good air quality.

B.People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.

C.Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.

D.Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespan

B.The importance of getting rid of air pollution

C.Asian people are suffering from serious air pollution

D.Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year

体裁:说明文题材:环境保护主题:空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命,但是空气污染易导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部,导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高,从而影响人的寿命。

1.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs,and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks,strokes and cancer”可知,PM 2.5影响人体健康,故A项正确。

答案:A

2.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy”可知,这是首次

将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究,以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。

答案:B

3.解析:推理判断题。根据尾段的内容,尤其是“In countries like India and China,the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large”可知,Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处;据此可推知,他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染,故C项正确。

答案:C

4.解析:标题判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year,according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers”为全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,文章通过介绍科学研究,说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。

答案:D

B

(2019·长沙四校高三模拟)A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.

More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice,the primary habitat (栖息地) of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf,more bears are remaining on land to look for food.

Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik,but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s.More bears seemed to stay on land,and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0917955408.html, Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention was given to the plight (困难) of polar bears about a decade ago,more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.

The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011,said Jennifer Reed,of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.“Today we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors,many from around the world each year,”Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall,when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak,a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours,said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004.Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe,as well as from the lower 48 US states.Many tourists stay several days in the village,which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn,they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.

5.What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?

A.Food shortage.

B.Climate change.

C.Habitats' movement to shore.

D.Their preference for land.

6.How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?

A.Excited.B.Puzzled.

C.Concerned. D.Shocked.

7.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.

B.Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.

C.Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.

D.Tourism affects the balance of nature.

8.Which saying can describe the text?

A.The fittest can survive.

B.After a storm comes a calm.

C.There is always opportunity in crisis.

D.Every coin has two sides.

体裁:说明文题材:社会生活主题:北极熊登陆促进旅游业发展

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化,北极熊登陆,为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气,促进了当地旅游业发展,当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。

5.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice,the primary habitat(栖息地)of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf,more bears are remaining on land to look for food”可知,全球变暖加速了海冰融化,破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地,故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物,故选B。

答案:B

6.解析:观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知,随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上,研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境,随后,更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知,大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C项。

答案:C

7.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”“Many tourists stay several days in the village,which has two small hotels”可知,大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览,而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天,而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆,故可推知在秋季,Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。

答案:A

8.解析:推理判断题。通读文章可知,因为全球气候变暖,北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去,这本来是北极熊的困境,然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展,这对小村庄来说是一个机遇,同时,村民又利用旅游业收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。

答案:D

Ⅱ.语法填空

阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2019·福州高三质量检测)The information I 1.________(collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2.________(use) than most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30,000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical

sentences were added to the text.The “speed readers” 3.________were tested didn't notice the irrelevant lines—the readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.

I've interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4.________(offer)by some speed reading courses. 5.________ (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimes used to sell the courses.Here's how:First,you're asked to read a passage from a book 6.________which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then,after about half 7.________hour of instruction,another reading test is given.But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know well—such as Ad v entures of Huckleberry Finn.Not 8.________(surprising),persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9.________(perform).

I'm one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing.Occasionally I'll read a passage or sentence over and over just 10.________(let) the beauty of its construction soak in (渗透).Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.

体裁:说明文题材:文化生活主题:快速阅读并非那么有用【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明,快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用,仔细阅读才能领略文字的魅力。

1.解析:考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“in the last few years”可知,该处可用现在完成时,意为“过去几年收集到的信息让我相信快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用”;收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作,故也可以用现在完成进行时。

故填have collected/have been collecting。

答案:have collected/have been collecting

2.解析:考查形容词。句意参见上题解析。根据空前的“be less”及空后的“than”可知,空处应用形容词,故填useful。

答案:useful

3.解析:考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词The “speed readers”,且在从句中作主语,表示人,故用who或that引导该定语从句。

答案:who/that

4.解析:考查非谓语动词。根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知,动词offer和其主语the introductory sessions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。

答案:offered

5.解析:考查代词。根据空前一句中的“I've interviewed people”及空后的“stories”可知,此处表示“他们的故事”,故用形容词性物主代词their。

答案:Their

6.解析:考查介词。分析该句结构可知,该句为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,be unfamiliar with sth.为固定用法,意为“对某事物不熟悉”,故空处应填介词with。

答案:with

7.解析:考查冠词。half an hour意为“半小时”,为固定用法,故用不定冠词an。

答案:an

8.解析:考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子,表示“不足为

奇的是”,故用surprising的副词形式surprisingly。

答案:surprisingly

9.解析:考查词形转换。根据本句中的“their ‘exit’ speed”以及空前的“their entry”可知,空处应用名词;performance意为“表现”时可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,故填performance(s)。

答案:performance(s)

10.解析:考查动词的不定式。该句意为:我偶尔会反复地阅读一个章节或者一个句子,仅是为了使其结构之美渗透出来。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处表示目的,故用动词不定式。

答案:to let

Ⅲ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

After school today,I took a walk in the park,depressing and down.I have made considerable efforts win the talent contest,but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying,a boy in glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethoven's symphony with his mobile phone.Beside,he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his word,I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved,we

could create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us.I was true thankful for their encouragement.

答案和解析:

After school today ,I took a walk in the park ,depressing depressed

and

down.I have had made considerable efforts win the talent contest ,but

I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying ,a boy

in with glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethoven's symphony with his mobile phone.Beside Besides

,he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his

word words ,I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that what

we loved ,we could create great things no matter what obstacles

were in

front of us.I was true truly thankful for their his

encouragement.

第一处:depressing 改为depressed 。考查形容词。句意:今天放学后,我在公园散步,感到沮丧又失落。本句的主语是I ,指人感到沮丧的,应用depressed 。

第二处:have 改为had 。考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情,所以此处用一般过去时。

第三处:efforts 后加to 。考查固定用法。make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”为固定用法。

第四处:in 改为with 。考查介词。句意:当我哭泣的时候,一个戴着眼镜的男孩走了过来。根据语境可知,此处应用介词with ,表示

“具有,带有”。

第五处:Beside改为Besides。考查副词。句意:此外,他还说贝多芬写这首曲子时是他的听力变得更加糟糕的时候。根据语境可知,此处应用Besides。

第六处:word改为words。考查名词的单复数。句意:听到他的话后,我不再流泪了。根据语境可知,此处指所说的话,且word是可数名词,故用其复数形式。

第七处:that改为what。考查连接代词。分析句子结构可知,此处引导宾语从句,且空处在从句中作宾语,表示“……的东西”,所以用what来引导该宾语从句。

第八处:删除the。考查冠词。无论前面有什么阻碍,我们都能够做成大事。此处应用in front of(sb.)结构,表示“(某人)面临着(阻碍)”,所以删除the。

第九处:true改为truly。考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词,故此处应用true的副词形式truly修饰形容词thankful。

第十处:their改为his。考查代词。根据语境可知,此处表示“我真的感谢他的鼓励”。此处指“他的”,故用his。

完整word版,2019年全国I卷英语高考真题

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I) 英语 注意事项: 1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum. 2. What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

2017年高考英语真题三套打印版

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姓名: ____________考号: __________班级: _________得分: 高考英语周考英语答题卡 1[ A ][ B ] 2[ A ][ B ] 3[ A ][ B ] 4[ A ][ B ] 5[ A ][ B ] 26[ A ][ B ] 27[ A ][ B ] 28[ A ][ B ] 29[ A ][ B ] 30[ A ][ B ] 41[ A ][ B ] 42[ A ][ B ] 43[ A ][ B ] 44[ A ][ B ] 45[ A ][ B ] [ C ] 6 [A][ B ][ C ]11[ A ][ B ][ C ]16[ A ][ B ][ C ]21[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ]7 [A][ B ][ C ]12[ A ][ B ][ C ]17[ A ][ B ][ C ]22[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ]8 [A][ B ][ C ]13[ A ][ B ][ C ]18[ A ][ B ][ C ]23[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ]9 [A][ B ][ C ]14[ A ][ B ][ C ]19[ A ][ B ][ C ]24[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ]10 [A][ B ][ C ]15[ A ][ B ][ C ]20[ A ][ B ][ C ]25[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ][ D ]31[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]36[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ][ E ][ F ][ G ] [ C ][ D ]32[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]37[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ][ E ][ F ][ G ] [ C ][ D ]33[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]38[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ][ E ][ F ][ G] [ C ][ D ]34[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]39[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ][ E ][ F ][ G ] [ C ][ D ]35[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]40[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ][ E ][ F ][ G ] [ C ][ D ]46[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]51[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]56[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ][ D ]47[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]52[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]57[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ][ D ]48[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]53[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]58[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ][ D ]49[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]54[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]59[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] [ C ][ D ]50[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]55[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ]60[ A ][ B ][ C ][ D ] 第二节:语法填空(15 分) 61.____________ 62. _____________ 63. ______________ 64. ________________ 65. ____________ 66._____________ 67. _____________68. _______________69. ________________ 70. ___________ 第一节:短文改错(10 分) As we all know, life is very much beautiful and precious; therefore we should admire but value it. We should make our life richly and meaningful by working hard. Only in that way can we carry out our duties in life. Furthermore, we should be braver enough to meet the challenges and manage to overcome the difficulties and sadness we meet in your life. By doing so, we can make greater progress in our field and enjoy our success and pleasure earning by ourselves. All in all, not only should we learn to enjoy the beauty of life now, but also we should learn how protect and fight against a more beautiful life in the future. 第 1页(共 2 页)

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