实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案21

实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案

第一次作业：

Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully

Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer,

diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said.

参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下

据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。

第二次作业

1、Kill one’s appetite

?Kill time

?Kill the peace

?Kill the mood

?Kill the proposal

?Kill the engine

?Kill the child with kindness

2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died.

3、This ticket is available in all parks.

4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.

5、Then he discovered Harry Potter, and was attached to Harry Potter and Sorcerer's

Stone by a very short string until she had finished it.

6、People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a

Judas Kiss.

7、He was smooth and agreeable.

8、I was good and tired, so I lay down in the canoe and said I wouldn’t bother no more.

9、This dark of forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature-pollution,

waste and hunger.

10、Time was a swiftly flowing river that had no shore, no boundaries. Its seasons were

not winter, spring, fall or summer.

11、Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

12、There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.

13、Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical result of

being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man.

14、My son threw me a quizzical look, but I gave a loud laugh.

15、Engineering design is a decision-making process used for the development of

engineering for which there is a human need.

16、He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far.

17、The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.

18、A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of

their salaries.

参考答案：

第三章作业参考答案

第三次作业

? 1. Tom is not altogether satisfied with the result of the experiment.

? 2. Tom is not satisfied with result of the experiment.

? 3. Tom is not satisfied with the result of the experiment at all.

? 4. He did not speak clearly and correctly.

? 5. Without numbers, we couldn’t build houses or cities, or make cars or ships.

? 6. It is a wise father that knows his own child.

?7. He has no reason to think less of himself because he is not dressed in a rich and fashionable manner.

?8. Don’t be vain because you are good-looking.

?9. he does not work hard because he wants to earn more.

?10. she did not cry because she failed in the exam.

?11. I didn’t go out for walk, because it rained.

?12. I did not go because I am afraid.

?13. Don’t scamp your work, because you are pressed for time.

?14. We don’t live because we want to eat.

?15. The prayers and the meals, the lessons and the walks, which were arranged with a conventional regularity here, oppressed her almost beyond endurance.

参考答案：

1、汤姆对实验结果并不完全满意。

部分否定

2、汤姆对实验结果不满意。

完全否定

3、汤姆对实验结果一点都不满意。

完全否定

4、他不曾讲得既清楚有正确。

否定转移

5、没有数字，我们就无法建造房屋和城市，也无法制造汽车和轮船。

否定转移

6、父亲再聪明也不见得了解自己的孩子。

形式否定

7、他没有理由瞧不起自己，虽然他的服装不够华丽时髦。

否定转移

8、不要因为你长得漂亮就虚荣起来。或者虽然你长得漂亮也不要虚荣。

否定转移

9、他不是为了多挣钱才勤奋工作的。

10、她不是因为考试失败才哭的。

否定转移

11、因为下雨，我没有出去散步。

完全否定

12、我因为害怕所以没去。或者我不是因为害怕才去的。

否定转移

13、不要因为时间仓促就马马虎虎。

否定转移

14、我们不是为了要吃饭才活着的。

否定转移

15、在这儿，祈祷、吃饭、上课、散步都有以一定的规律，这日子几乎闷得她透不过起来。

含蓄否定

第四次作业

?1、You can hardly imagine anyone less ignorant than my son.

?2、Nothing is sadder than to part forever.

?3、You can write to him about it, (what is) still better, write to her father.

?4、David is more diligent than clever.

?5、As the case stands, I don’t want to go steady with any girl.

?6、He took the bundle as it was to the police station.

?7、For one friend he has ten enemies.

?8、It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas; natural science and social science.

?9、The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years.

?10、Attempt are being made of burning coal underground for getting gas.

?11、Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry.

?12、It is considered to be cruel by many people in the West to send animals in rockets into outer space.

?13、Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of

programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.

?14、Some people seem easy to understand: their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been

studying my fellowmen. I don’t know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders

when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my won part I find that the longer I know

people, the more they puzzle me.

?15、When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their patents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is that Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and

ambitious from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship.

参考答案：

1、你几乎想象不出有谁会比我儿子更无知的。

2、世间最悲哀的是离别。或者悲莫悲兮生别离。

3、就这件事情你可以写信给他，写给他父亲更好。

4、与其说大卫聪明，不如说他用功。

5、在目前情况下，我不想与任何女孩建立固定的关系。

6、他把包裹原封不动地送到了警察局。

7、他的朋友和敌人是一与十之比。

8、有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分为两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。

9、这个地区遭受到了二十年来最严重的旱灾。

10、人们正试图使煤在地下燃烧以获得煤气。

11、很久以来，流水就被用来转动工业上用的轮子。

12、许多西方人认为，用火箭把动物送入太空是相当残忍的。

13、人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到

层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

14、有些人似乎容易了解：他们的个性在初次交往时就表露无遗。然而，外表可能具有欺骗

性。30年来，我一直在研究我的人类同胞，但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的首次印象向来不错的时候，我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知，就是自大。就我而言，我觉得，认识一个人的时间越长就越觉得困惑。

15、当子女的谋生方式与父母大相径庭时，很容易产生观念上的差异。这正是艾尔弗雷德的

发现。他在一个建筑工人的家庭里长大，他所受的教育使他产生了不同于父亲的兴趣和抱负。他在本文中叙述了这一差异如何影响着他们的父子关系。

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高考英语作文加分的100个必备好句子（附译文+同类句型） 1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 同样句型包括：It is important/（necessary, difficult, convenient, possible）for sb. to do sth. 2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 (1)The+比较级..., the+比较级... (2)比较级+and+比较级（The world is getting smaller and smaller.） 3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。 类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can… 4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday. 记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。 5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic 我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。 6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful. 人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。 7. I had a great first impression of American people. 我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。 8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem. 我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。

科技英语翻译考试题目

Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%) 1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool. 3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables. 4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states. 5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it. 6. With the result of automation, productivity has ___ ___________ (增加了5倍) in that factory. 7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银). 8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷，也不带负电荷). 9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________（沸点）. 10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current. Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%) 1.由于我在会上发表论文，如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况，不胜感激。 A) Because I will deliver a thesis at the conference, I shall appreciate it very much if you could introduce to me the detailed condition of the meeting. B) As I will present a paper at the conference, I will be grateful if you could supply me with detailed information about the meeting. 2. 西安附上我提供会议的论文，题目是“动物克隆在中国”，一式三份，如果要发电子邮件以转录软盘，我可以立即发出。 A) I am enclosing herewith my paper of the topic of “Animal Cloning in China” one form in three B) I am enclosing, in three copies, my paper entitled “Animal Closing in China” for the conference. If req uired, I can send an e-mail for the disk right away. 3．核能发电，是在20世纪才发展起来的新事物。不幸的是，建立和维持核发电厂的成本很高，使得建设速度要比原先预料的慢许多。---中国的第一座核发电厂，是于20世纪后期建立在深圳，靠近香港。 A) Using nuclear energy to generate electricity is a new thing developed in the 20th century. What is unfortunate is that the costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant are very high, making the speed of construction much slower than previously predicted. ----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. B) The production of nuclear power is a new development of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the high costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant have led to a much slower rate of growth than was predicted. -----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. 4. 不少科学家论证说，三国演义里所说的“木牛流马”，可能是一些有相当复杂性的机器，其工作原理可说类似于今天的某些器械装置。 A) Quite a few scientists say by reasoning that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of the Three Kingdo ms could be rather complex machines whose working principles can be said to be like certain mechanical devices of today. B) Quite a few scientists argue that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of Three Kingdoms could be machines of sufficient complexity working on principles supposedly similar to certain present-day mechanical devices. 5. 摘要：本文简单叙述和分析了本实验室最近对猪流感病毒所作的两次实验的成果。 A) Abstract: The results of two experiments on swine flu virus are briefly described and analyzed. B) Abstract: this article simply states and analyzes the results of two experimental tests this laboratory recently performed in the research on swine flu virus. 6. 珠江三角洲在中国的南部，气候良好，交通系统效率高，一向工农业都在快速发展。 A) The Pearl River Delta is to the south of China. It has a nice weather and a highly efficient communication system. Both of its industry and agriculture

雅思写作常用句子翻译80句

写作常用句子翻译 1经常做运动会提高人的自信。 _____________________________________________________________________ 经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。 _____________________________________________________________________ 过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。 _____________________________________________________________________ 很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。 _____________________________________________________________________ 环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。 _____________________________________________________________________ 家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。 _____________________________________________________________________

翻译写作指南- 欧洲委员会翻译写作手册Fight the Fog

Directorate-General for Translation European Commission

HOW TO WRITE CLEARLY This booklet is intended for all writers of English at the European Commission. Whether your job is drafting or translating, here are some hints – not rules – that will help you to write clearly and make sure your message ends up in your readers’ brains, not in their bins. Put the reader first page 2 Use verbs, not nouns page 3 page 4 abstract not Concrete, passive 5 page not Active, Whodunnit? Name the agent page 6 Making sense – managing stress page 7 KISS: Keep It Short…. page 8 page Simple 9 … and False friends … page 10 pitfalls page 11 other and … References page 12

Put the reader first There are three groups of people likely to read Commission documents: 1. EU insiders (colleagues in the Commission or other institutions) 2. outside specialists 3. the general public. The third group is by far the largest and most important. As more Commission documents are made accessible to the general public, criticism of FOG will increase. Always bear in mind the people you're writing for: not your committee, your boss, or the reviser of your translations, but the end users. They are in a hurry. Don't overestimate their knowledge, interest or patience. Whatever the type of document - legislation, a technical report, minutes, a press release or speech - you can enhance its impact by writing clearly. Try to see your subject matter from your readers' point of view; try to involve them ("you" is an under-used word in Commission documents); and try not to bore them. You can avoid irritating half your readers by replacing gender-specific words (replace "layman" by "lay person"; "salesgirl" by "sales assistant"; "workman" by "worker"). Avoid "he, she/ his, her" by using "they/ their" instead.

商务翻译作业

随着改革开放的不断变化，经济的快速发展，中国如今要比以往任何时候都更加引全世界的目光。越来越多的中国产品打入了国际市场，在满足沟内消费者的同时也满足了国外消费者的多方面需求。作为中华传统文化的瑰宝，中草药一直是中国产品和文化中不可或缺的组成部分。近年来，中药引起了全世界的关注和兴趣。重要潜在的国际市场巨大，发展前景广阔。作为药品的重要附件，药品说明书引起了人们越来越多的关注，对出口药品来说，焦点就集中在药品说明书的翻译质量上，然而，目前许多药品说明书的翻译质量仍然不能令人满意，既影响了产品的良好形象，也影响了产品的出口销售。 药品说明书翻译的难点主要在于源语和目的语的语言和文化差异。作为一种特殊的科技语言，中英文药品说明书均具有独特的语言风格，文本形式，专业知识和文化背景，值得深入系统的加以分析，研究。本文对药品说明书的翻译加以研究，找出英语平行文本的主要语言特点．分析药品说明书翻译中出现的各类问题．归纳了一些力求使译文与原文,实现功能对等、信息传真．同时在语言又简洁易懂、清晰自然 药品说明书是专业性很强的科技应用文才．它作为一种商品说明书是“提供商品所有信息和如何使用商品的说明性件”。药品说明书通常向消费者提供该药品的详细成分、药理作用、适应症，剂量及其注意事项，以指导消费者正确使用药品。正确翻译英文药品说明书才可使本国消费者了解和熟悉药品的药理作用、用法、用量、适应症及禁忌。 药品说明书的特点 药品说明书作为医学翻译的一部分，自然也具备客观性、准确性和严密性的特点，不仅功能性强，而且目的明确，主要是为了指导医生与患者了解和熟悉药品的药理作用、用法、用量、适应症及禁忌等，从而达到合理用药、治病救人的目的。因此，译文要做到结构紧凑，简洁明了，准确无误。英文药品说明书大多包括以下内容：(1)药品名称(DrugNames)；(2)性状(Description)；(3)药理作用(PharmacologicalAction)；(4)适应症(Indications)；(5)禁忌症(Contraindica —tions)；(6)用法与用量(Administration and Dosage)；(7)不良反应(Adverse Reaction)；(8)注意事项(Precautions)；(9)包装(Package)；(1o)贮存(Storage)；(11)其他项目(Others)。英文药品说明书是科技英语的一个变体，属于专门用途英语(English for Special Purposes)的范畴，其语言结构比较简单。但同时又具有其特殊的语言特征。其特殊性主要表现在词汇和句法上。药品说明书的语言大量使用名词及采用名词化结构来替代从句或句子，使句子结构简化。例如：recovery phase(恢复期)，alcohol intoxications(酒精中毒)等。另外．文药品说明书晦涩难懂。难懂的单词大部分是直接或间接来自于拉丁和希腊文。例如：Hemorrhage(bleed—ing)(出血)。缩略词被大量运用在药品说明书中。从类别上看，缩略词可大致分为三大类：一是国际计量单位的缩写，如： mg(milligram)(毫克)，ml(milliliter)(毫升)，kg(kilogram)(千克)。第二类是首字母的缩写，如：HIV(Human Immune deficiencv Virus)，B．P．(British Pharmacopoeia)。第三类单词的部分缩写．如：approx(approximate)(大致，大约)，fev(fever)(发烧)。为了明确描述的对象，英文药品说明书使用大量非限定动词(用现在分词和过去分词作定语、不定式作目的状语等)现象非常普遍：经常使用情态动词should，may，must，can等；广泛使用被动语态和一般现在时态．使表达更为客观：较多使用省略句、虚拟语气和条件状语从句等。

科技英语翻译练习

一.句子翻译练习；英译汉 1. It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 严禁乱拆，以免损坏该设备的零件。 2. All livi ng things must, by reas on of physiological limitati ons, die. 由于生理上的局限，一切生物总是要死亡的。 3. The removal of min erals from water is called softe ning. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 4. Gene piracy is not n ew. 窃取基因不是新鲜事。 5. All pla nts and ani mals n eed carb on for growth. 所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。 6. Failure to fix these symbols in mi nd keeps stude nts from masteri ng the mathematical subjects they take up. 由于未能记住这些符号，使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。 7. This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more expensive metal. 成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状，也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。 8. A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of a bird. 鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。 9. The flow of electro ns is from the n egative zi nc plate to the positive copper plate. 电子从负的锌极流向正的铜极。 10. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load. 船装了货吃水更深，其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。 11. Non-mobile robots, capable of lear ning to perform an in dustrial task and the n of being left to perform it tirelessly, are eve n now in use in in dustrial pla nts all over the world. 不能行走的机器人能学会做工，并能孜孜不倦地工作，今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。 12. The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mecha ni cal power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。 13. Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province,