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新东方四级强化版——阅读理解

新东方四级强化版——阅读理解
新东方四级强化版——阅读理解

新东方大学英语四级强化版——阅读理解

阅读文体分类

文科——作者的态度、观点与结论理科——文章客观事实的考核

一般议论文实验型

分类文章科技成果型

对比文章现象解释型

阅读理解基础

词汇量:300~400个

句子:

多重复合句

并列句:but,主语and主语

阅读题型

1. 主题题——对应文章的主题所在,题干有明显可辨认特征

特征:main——写作目的和标题

文章主题在第一、二段,段落主题在段落第一、二句以及末句

只要有development出现就是主题,history / predict / forecast出现极大可能不对

2. 细节题——占题目的绝大多数(80%)左右,对应文章细节部分的内容

Keyword关键词

名词:人名、具体年份、确切数字

动词

形容词、副词

上一题用过的词不要再用

3. 推理题——与细节题类似的一种题型,一般需要根据文章内容作简单推理

一般推理:imply、infer

指代题(refer):it/them

4. 词汇题——考核对于英文词汇在句子中的含义或把握篇章里的寓意

构词

动词尾巴(副词和介词)

相似结构

5. 态度题——考查作者的写作态度或作者对于文章某描述内容的态度

方法:排除相同态度和非表态的选项,然后根据文章主题选择

态度词汇:

赞成:optimistic

反对:critical

中立:objective

非表态:arbitrary

6. 文章结构题——有部分四级文章属于节选文章,此题型考核对于文章结构和写作整体的理解

7. 应用题——给予文章以外的情况,要求套用文章当中的理论进行推理

阅读方式

扫描(scan) 主题词(theme word)

扫描的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想,并对文章的结构有个总的概念。扫描时,应特别注意文章的重点,以及篇章中的主题词(theme word),因为它们往往是出题的地方,解题的关键。

跳读(skip) 缺省阅读部分(non-question parts)

找到文章中的无关范围以后,即在用符号标记,不要浪费时间阅读。就算有难题,需要再次阅读文章内容,而且要通过推理、判断,弄清楚文章中“字里行间”潜在的意思。可借助这个手段,减少阅读分量,加强对重点的分析,以达到针对题目的透彻理解。

题目做完,文章不看

第二段首句,否定第一段,第一段不看,除非考词汇题

例子:(特例)name + featur e / if you … I …

插入语:“…”,…,

连续地点状语

according to 表消息来源

“…”,name …,“…”

做题步骤

A.浏览题目,在细节题题干中找keyword

B.scan & skip

C.标记(句子、词组)

D.选项分析

E.四项基本原则:因果、条件、比较、指代

F.重点句:全文、各段首末句

首段(首句)非主题句的情况

But

虚拟语气

二段否定

主题通常看三句,难题以此为依据,首段首末句二段首句。

关于文章开头的题目,要注意看第一句和第二句的结构连接词。

写作目的题

写作目的=写作动机+主题词(to+V.)=目标读者+主题词

标题:范围过大过小都是错误的

实验型文章

实验目的就是文章的主题(to+V)

主要考查的是做实验的人

实验的结果

直接结果:find , discover , notice , observation , identify

间接结果:

分类文章

分几类就有几个主题

各类的主题词和特征

多余段落例证哪一类

科技成果型文章

新成果为正评价,老成果为负评价

新老成果各自的技术特点

新成果正评价的原因,老成果负评价的原因

一个词在文中与选项的词性不同,以及双引号的添或删,该选项几乎100%错

绝对化选项大部分都错:no one(no + n), only , never , none , neither , any , all , every , need not

A but/yet B形式在文中出现时,关于该内容的考题,正确选项中应同时出现A和B。

如果题目问起事物的两个方面(用复数形式或提问),答案对应文章中的两个方面列举

A and

B A but B / A yet B

1st , 2nd

more , most most , but+more

相似结构``暗示相同含义

考点关键词:

1.带有比较意义的定位词:

比较级:-er , more

最高级:-est , most , major

比较句型:as…as

比较词汇:differ , like

2.表唯一性的词汇:only , sole , unique

3.有比较意义的特殊词:first , foremost , chief

指代原则

1.往前找

2.找:性,数,格,逻辑和位置上与该代词位置上的接近的名词和代词

3.such , it , this , that可能指代单数名词,也可指代整句话

变化的概念:

change:1变2

alter:改很少一部分

vary:1,2,3变4,5,6

忍受的概念:

stand

withstand

abide

endure

bear

put up with

观点的概念:

opinion

view

idea

条件原则

1.条件词:if , when , assuming , dependon , rely

2.注意条件词后的内容,和列举的某一项

3.注意无聊选项

对比文章

对比的两方面是文章的主题

抓住两个观点,抓住作者观点中立调和支持一边反对另一边

因果关系

1.表现形式:because

2.隐性因果:段落前两句有all this

3.显性:

名词:reason , cause , basis , result , consequence

动词:cause , base on , result in/from

连词:because , therefore , hence , thus , so (that), since , as , for , herewith

副词:consequently

简答题

词或短语可以回答的,抄原文

五个字以内的句子,抄原文

超过十个字的句子,动词代替动词词组,或名词代替名词词组,其他抄原文

翻译题

寻找句子语言背景

划出给分点:名词短语、动词短语、特殊结构

确定中文的主谓宾

把握原则,连接句子:修饰语前置

定语从句

限制性:长(7~8)that ,短:that

非限制性:…,which

比较结构

比较级变成最高级:no more … than… 最……莫过于……

no more than 只不过

more than 非常

not m ore than 差不多,并不比……怎样,和……一样

被动 表语(“的”字短语)或直接被动,无、泛主语(大家、人们、我们)

错误选项特征

副词有差异:如程度副词often always

名词有差异:词性改变:major , detail , patient , sound单复数:单变复,多了“s”

二次推断(错推):自己的经验套到文章中理解

串段选项:前串后

无关(无厘头)选项

片面选项:非A but B , A yet B(选项中A、B不能同时出现)

矛盾选项:but——正确或者和选项内容相反

绝对化选项:all , every , any , none , forever , never , absolute , only 注意:only to(仅仅想到),no + adj + n,不是绝对化选项

正确选项的特征

may , maybe , possibly 对的几率为80%

“theme” 主题词

原文内容改写

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