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配套K12高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解基础练习(1)

配套K12高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解基础练习(1)
配套K12高考英语二轮复习 说理议论阅读理解基础练习(1)

说理议论阅读理解基础练习(1)

说理议论(阅读理解)由 (2011天津,D)改编

Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction.To those who do not recognize their unique worth,imitation appears attractive;to those who know their strength,imitation is unacceptable.

In the early stages of skill or character development,imitation is helpful.When I first learned to cook,I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes.But soon I grew bored.Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?Imitating role models is like using trainin g wheels on a child’s bicycle;they help you get going,but once you find your own balance,you fly faster and farther without relying on them.

In daily life,imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.If,as a child,you observed people whose lives were bad,you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.If you do not make strong choices for yourself,you will get the results of the weak choices of others.

In the field of entertainment,our culture glorifies celebrities.Those stars look great on screen.But when they step off screen,their personal lives may be disastrous.If you are going to follow someone,focus on their talent,not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.

Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration,not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.

Study your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’

tragedies and declare victory,and know that they are cheering me on.”

1.Imitation proves useful when you .

A.know you are unique

B.lose the balance of life

C.begin to learn something new

D.get tired of routine practice

2.To avoid the bad result of imitation,we should .

A.forget daily fear and pain

B.choose the right example

C.ask others for decisions

D.stay away from stars

3.According to the author,the world moves on because of those who are .

A.desperate to influence others with their knowledge.

B.ready to turn their original ideas into reality

C.eager to discover what their ancestors did

D.willing to accept others’ ideas

4.The trouble a creator faces is .

A.the lack of strong motivation

B.the absence of practical ideas

C.how to search for more materials

D.how to use imagination creatively

5.What is the a uthor’s purpose in writing this passage?()

A.To highlight the importance of creativity.

B.To criticize the characters of role models.

C.To compare imitation with creation.

D.To explain the meaning of success

语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者告诉人们:盲目模仿是自我毁坏。幸运垂青那些乐于把自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人们;世界的发展更是需要这些有创造力的人。

答案及剖析:1.C 事实细节题。根据第二段第一句In the early stages of skill or character development...可知C项正确。

2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句...imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.(如果不经意地模仿了坏榜样就可能伤害到我们。)及下文的例子可知:为了避免模仿造成的恶果,我们应该选择好榜样。所以B项正确。

3.B 事实细节题。根据第五段第四句可知:世界之所以发展是因为有那些乐于将自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人们,所以B项正确。

4.D 事实细节题。根据第五段的最后一句...it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.可知,一个创造者面对的困难是怎样创造性地利用想象力。所以D项正确。

5.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者旨在凸显创造力的重要性,所以A项正确。

【长难句子分析】

世界的发展并非源于那些模仿前人的人(世界的发展并非源于那些做前人做过的事的人),而是源于那些做自己内心所想的事的人。

注:关联词not...but连接了两个介词短语by those;those后各带有一个who引导的定语从句。

【阅读理解】

For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world,self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.

Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans,and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins,have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror

self-reflection test.

“We thought that elephants were the next important animal,”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains,Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”

The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8-foot-squ are mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.

The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it,and to examine parts of their bodies.

Of the three, Happy then passed the test,in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

Diana Reiss said,“We knew eleph ants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

文章通过实验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商。

1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?

A. Whether they have large brains.

B. Whether they have self-awareness.

C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.

D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

答案:B。细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“Awareness can be tested by...”可知B

项正确。

2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?

A. They are most familiar to readers.

B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.

C. They are included in the study by Reiss.

D. They are already known to be intelligent.

答案:D。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。

3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?

A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.

B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.

C. She painted a mark on her own face.

D. She found the hidden camera.

答案:B。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出Happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。

阅读理解。

It is often necessary to release a fish, that is , set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.

—When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible.

Don’t use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.

—Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Don’t wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.

—Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.

—Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water . Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.

—Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.

With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.

1. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they _________

A. don’t want it to die

B. hope it will grow quickly

C. don’t want to have it as food

D. want to practice their fishing skills

2. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?

A. Taking the hook off it.

B. Removing its scales.

C. Touching its eves

D. Holding it in your hand.

3. A proper way to release a fish is to _________.

A .move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomach

C. keep it in a bucket for some time

D. let it struggle a little in your hand

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To show how to enjoy fishing.

B. To persuade people to fish less often.

C. To encourage people to set fish free.

D. To give advice on how to release fish.

【参考答案】1—4、C B A D

【阅读理解】------ (2011·山东卷)

Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the

cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.

When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play,the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.

Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury,Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.

本文讲述了亚瑟·米勒,美国著名的剧作家,以及他的著名的戏剧《男售货员之死》,当这部戏剧第一次搬上舞台时,赢得了巨大的成功,获得了三项大奖。

1. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?

A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.

B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”.

C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.

D. His family business failed.

答案:B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话“Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary,drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’.”可知答案。

2.The play Death of a Salesman ________.

A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world

B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company

C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller

D. focuses on the skills in doing business

答案:A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第三、四句话可知,Willy Loman已陷入美国社会制度的困境中,他已精疲力尽,在这残酷的商业世界中,他不知道应该怎样做,最后,他选择了自杀。由此可知A项正确。

3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?

A. He treats his employer badly.

B. He runs the Wagner Company.

C. He is a victim of the American system.

D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 答案:C。推理判断题。由短文第二段可知,Willy Loman在这残酷的商业世界中,根本没有情感可言,但是他又不能对不起他的雇主和公司,他又不知道如何处理自己的失败,只有选

择自杀,由此可知他是美国社会制度的牺牲品。

4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________.

A. achieved huge success

B. won the first Tony Award

C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen

D. was severely attacked by dramatists

答案:A。细节理解题。由短文第三段可知,戏剧Death of a Salesman第一次搬上舞台,就赢得了三项大奖,故A项正确。

5. What is the text mainly about?

A. Arthur Miller and his family.

B. The awards Arthur Miller won.

C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.

D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.答案:D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知,本文主要讲述了亚瑟·米勒及他的名著Death of a Salesman,故D项正确。

【阅读理解】----故事类---[201*·北京卷]

Peanuts to This

Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷)a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.

Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear,“My report is on George

Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around.

I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt tha t the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! 1.What did the author's classmates think about his report?

A.Controversial. B.Ridiculous. C.Boring. D.Puzzling.

2.Why was the author confused about the task?

A.He was unfamiliar with American history.

B.He followed the advice and flipped a coin.

C.He forgot his teacher's instruction.

D.He was new at the school.

3.The underlined word“burning”in Para. 3 probably means ________.

A.annoyed B.ashamed C.ready D.eager

4.In the end, the author turned things around ________.

A.by redoing his task B.through his own efforts

C.with the help of his grandfather D.under the guidance of his headmaster 【要点综述】本文讲述了作者作为一个外来移民初入美国学校时,由于对美国历史不了解而闹出的一个笑话,但作者通过努力最后终于提高成绩并实现跳级。

1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容我们知道,由于作者对美国历史的无知,弄混了乔治·华盛顿的身份,所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住大笑起来。“bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.”可知大家觉得这个报告很荒谬。controversial有争议的;ridiculous荒谬的,可笑的;boring无聊的;puzzling迷惑的,不解的。

2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段“Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country”可知,作者是从别的国家初到美国,所以对美国历史不了解而闹了笑话。

3. D 词义猜测题。根据全文叙述可知,作者是通过投掷硬币来决定的答案,因此犯了常识错误。第三段中“I was totally lost.”说明作者不明就里,所以当其他同学读报告时,作者渴望知道为什么。annoyed 烦恼的;ashamed羞愧的;ready准备好的,情愿的;eager渴

望的。

4. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.”可知作者是通过throw oneself into(积极从事)而实现转变的。所以选B。文中老师并没有给作者机会重做,所以A错误;从祖父那里得到建议是在选择华盛顿身份时,所以C错误;而校长是在作者成绩提高后才接见的,所以D错误。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习,值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力,即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来,阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是:(1)掌握所读材料的主旨大意,以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节;(2)既理解具体事实,也理解抽象的概念;(3)既理解字面意思,也理解深层含义,包括作者的态度、意图等;(4)既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并能根据文章进行推理和判断;(5)既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求,试题中常采用如下几种题型:事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计,答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1.首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理,因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感,特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀,从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的,因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事,也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求,试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词,只要认真分析,仔细阅读,这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2.扫读全文,理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章,首先要快速扫读全文,虽为扫读,但不可漫不经心,阅读时也应聚精会神,力求可能多地获取材料信息,只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理,不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3.对症下药,各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后,再把短文的问题简单看一遍,弄懂题意,然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息,是为某些特定的问题而阅读,因此阅读时要有较强的针对性,对与问题有关的数据,词句等仔细阅读,认真理解,同时结合不同考查内容的题型,采取如下解题对策: (1)事实询问题:这类试题通常是以疑问词what,who,when,where,why,how 等引起的特殊问句,就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义,然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节,正确估计答案来源,同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息,确认各种信息。 (2)推理判断题:此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思,对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手,根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系,人物的动机,以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西,不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考,切勿想当然,凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 (3)数据推算题:此题要求我们就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断,然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时,要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析,若数据信息较多,还要注意弄清数据之间的关系,同时分清有用与无用信息,最终作出正确判断。 (4)主旨大意题:此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句,抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意,因此,只要找准每段的主题句,文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

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