现代大学英语精读1_第十课课后参考答案

Preview

1 Listen to the recording of the text and Choose the statement that best reflects your understanding.

1. D

2. D

3. D

4. B Vocabulary

1 Become familiar with the rule of word formation.

1 Give the corresponding nouns for the following verbs.

1. improvement

2. endurance

3. success

4. allowance

5. supply

6. provision

7. cultivation

8. nourishment

9. fulfillment

10. attempt

11. elimination

12. refusal

2 Give the corresponding verbs for the following nouns.

1. garden

2. fertilize

3. mix

4. liberate

5. require

6. fail

7. endure

8. alternate

9. result

10. satisfy

3 Translate the following expressions. Point out which –ing form is a gerund and which a present participle.

1.一家建筑公司（gerund）

2.缺少一个环节（present participle）

3.一个动人的故事（present

participle）

4.阅读技能（gerund）

5.一件泳衣（gerund）

6.落日（present participle）

7.起居（gerund）室

8.睡美人（present participle）

9.安眠药片（gerund）

10.乏味的讲演/报告（present

participle）

11.饮用水（gerund）

12.流血的鼻子（present participle）

13.藏身之处（gerund）

14.太笼统/绝对的话（present

participle）

15.狩猎的季节（gerund）

16.最后的润色（gerund）

17.指导原则（present participle）

18.下个星期（present participle）

19.颤抖的双腿（present participle）

20.一张渔网（gerund）

21.一根手杖（gerund）

22.现有的制度（present participle）

23.饮食习惯（gerund）

24.（比萨）斜塔（present participle）

25.一个有前途的学生（present

participle）

26.正在增长的人口（present

participle）

4 Compare the following expressions and translate them into Chinese.

1.发展中国家；发达国家

2.正在落下的树叶；落下的树叶

3.正在沸腾的水；开水

4.正在退败的战斗；一场败仗

2 Complete the

following verb +

collocations or

expressions. 1.

have/get/show/pro

duce/achieve

2.

have/take/accept/sh

ow/bear/assume

3.

discuss/debate/rai se/settle/confuse/ avoid

4.

pursue/have/devel op

5.

have/make/lose/av oid

6.

face/lives/time/mo

ney/trouble

7.

roots/chairs/hats/c

oats/gloves/shoes/

bandages/make-up

/doubts

8. land

9.enemies/rivals/oppon

ents/suspects/erro

rs

10.

oil/cars/cotton/res ults/a movie

11.

care/time/money/ experience/patienc e/courage

12. the dead/treasure/past /head

13.

plants/children/ani

mals/relationship 14.

meetings/appoint

ments/time/place/

books/flowers/busi

ness affairs

3 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the expressions listed below.

1. cut out, removed/cut out, from

2. provides/supplies, with

3. brought back

4. ask, permission

5. empty

6. take, in, through trial and error

7. read, into

8. at great length, providing, with

9. in some ways, at heart

4 Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions or adverbs.

1. in

2. up

3. away

4. way

5. out

6. up

7. out

8. up

9. with

5 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 如果他们拒绝归还这些小岛，他们两国的关系就不能完全正常化。

If they refused to give back these small islands, the two countries would not be able to

normalize their diplomatic relations completely.

2. 我知道放弃这个机会十分愚蠢，但我别无选择。

I know that it is stupid to give up this opportunity, but I have no other choice/alternative.

3. 由于缺少公众的支持，白宫最后退让了。

For lack of public support, the White House had to give in at last.

4. 要一下子消灭毒品不可能，但现在世界上每年都有几百万以上的人成功地戒了烟。

It may not be possible to eliminate drugs all at once/immediately/at one go, but now there are millions of people throughout the world who succeed in kicking the habit of cigarette smoking every year.

5. 我们已经和对方代表联系。我们已安排不久在厦门会面，讨论双方有兴趣的重要问题。

We have already made contact with the representatives of the other side and arranged to meet in Xiamen before long to discuss important issues we are both interested in.

6. 有一天，那座新楼突然倒塌，楼里很多人都被埋了。

One day, that new building suddenly gave way/collapsed/fell down, burying many people under it.

7. 爱情是要双方培养的，而真正的爱表现在给予而不是在获取上。

Love requires nourishment from both sides, and true love is in the giving, not in the taking. 8. 奶奶的健康已有改善，她就开始把她的财产分发给她的亲戚朋友。

As soon as Grandma’s health improved, she began to give out her belongings to her folks and friends.

9. 一种长久的友好关系要求双方都十分真诚。

It requires perfect honesty on both sides to cultivate a lasting/an enduring friendly relationship.

10. 据称，今年的经济计划已经完成，国内市场也非常繁荣。

It is announced that our economic plan this year has been fulfilled and our domestic/home market has also been flourishing.

6 Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the phrases in bold type with words and expressions from the text.

1. the prison authorities informed us/announced, manual labor would end, arrange

2. pursue my two favorite hobbies

3. If you want to survive the prison, try to develop ways to take satisfaction

4. fulfilled

5. asked them for permission to, refused, offering a reason

6. a miner at heart

7. provided/supplied me with seeds, regret giving me permission to, once, garden began to

flourish, provided, warders with

8. not until I was behind bars, tend

9. at great length, what she read into

10. hardy plants, My favorite

7 Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words in bold type which may have different meanings in different contexts.

1. 缺水已经成了一个大问题。我们的钢厂可能得搬到远处去。

2. 在沙漠里往往只有那些根很深、叶子很少的植物才能存活。

3. 你看了这本杂志的最新一期了吗？一位著名的科学家相信我们将在今后两年里在外太

空找到生物。

4. 她问我有没有政府颁发的关于细胞研究的法律文件，我说我不知道。

5. 牢房里除了两张小床和一张书桌，几乎没什么空间放其他任何东西了。

6. 我得去为我的手机弄一个新的干电池来。

7. 在镇上他给女儿买了一块巧克力，然后他在离学校不远的酒吧喝了几杯啤酒。

8. 那些犯罪分子被关进铁窗（bar长棒，喻指监狱）以后，老百姓感觉如此安全，以至于

晚上都不插门闩了。

9. 有些人说过，这个年轻人是当律师的料，谁也没想到结果他会进班房去。

10. 杰克逊在战争期间曾经是有意安插在非洲的一个美国间谍。Grammar

1 Rewrite the following sentences using a to-infinitive phrase.

1. To improve their skills, table tennis players had better go to China for training.

2. (In order) To stay alive in the wild,

the mountaineers trapped in the mountains had to eat whatever they could find-grass, tree leaves, and even ants.

3. To live close to nature, the family

moved to the countryside.

4. It is human to long for what they

don’t have, and not to value what they have.

5. It takes two to make a quarrel.

6. It gives/offers Professor Chen deep satisfaction to hear of her former students’ achievements.

7. Could you arrange for me to meet the chairman of the department sometime this week?

8. I’ve brought a detective story for you to read during your trip to Nanjing.

9. They finally realize that to raise wages and salaries means increasing purchasing power.

10. It is not hard to find the truth;

what is hard is not to run away

from it when you have found it.

2 Rewrite the sentences or the underlined parts using either… or… or neither… nor…

1. He spends most of his time either in the lab or in his office.

2. Either she’s changed a lot, or you never really knew her!

3. The residents received the news calmly; they were neither depressed nor delighted.

4. The class was so boring that the

children were either asleep or

entirely absorbed/employed in

play or other activities.

5. My grandparents could neither

read nor write, but they were both well respected for their community spirit.

6. The new Jersey Nets was not the

first choice either of Tim himself or his team manager.

7. During the war, every family lost

either the father, or the husband, or a brother, or a son, and sometimes four people in one family were killed.

8. He has neither the leadership

qualities nor the personal charm to inspire people.

9. I’m sorry I can’t help you. I’ve neither known nor heard of such a person.

10. Whenever the garbage man

greeted people on his beat, most

often the response was either

nothing at all or a look of

surprise.

3 Translate the following sentences into English, using a to-infinitive or either … or…/neither…nor…

1. 他反复说他来中国是为了扩展自己的视野（broaden/widen/expand his horizons）

He said again and again that he had come to China to broaden his horizon.

2. 朱丽叶说一天辛苦的工作之后，她没有时间也没有精力做运动了。

Julia says she has neither the time nor the energy for sports after a day’s hard work.

3. 有时候公开不同意自己顶头上司（immediate boss）的意见是需要勇气的。

Sometimes it takes courage to disagree openly with one’s immediate boss.

4. 这里的老师和学生都认为学英语没有什么捷径。

Neither the teachers nor the students here believe there is any shortcut in learning English.

5. 多数大学毕业生在毕业时都面临两种选择：找工作或考研。

Upon graduation, most college students have two options: either to find a job or to go to graduate school.

6. 让遭受洪水的灾民都有住处是救灾人员（relief workers）当前的头号任务。

To see all the flood victims properly housed is the relief workers’number one task at present.

7. 在中国期间，我希望能安排我见见我在这里的几位老朋友。

During my stay in China, I would like you to arrange for me to see some of my old friends. 8. 为了避免房价上涨过快，政府保证要采取以系列政策。

In order to prevent the price of houses from going up too fast, the government promised to

adopt/launch a series of policies.

9. 这种面试一般都在饭店或咖啡厅举行，从不在办公室举行。

Such interviews are generally conducted either in a hotel or in a café, never in offices.

10. 他们开办了一家收容所，这个城市里无家可归的人在极端天气情况下（in extreme

weather conditions）可以在这里过夜。

They opened a shelter for the city’s homeless to stay overnight in extreme weather conditions.

4 Fill in each blank of the passage with ONE suitable word.

(1) comes (2) different (3) Anybody (4) as (5) longer

(6) burdens (7) them (8) who (9) life (10) days

5 Identify and correct the mistake(s) in each of the sentences.

1. When Mandela no longer had to do manual labor, he started a garden in the yard.

2. Mandela enjoyed working in his garden because gardening offered him a sense of

satisfaction in prison.

3. He wants to pursue a career in journalism after graduation from college.

4. They refused to discuss the matter in public.

5. Neither his parents nor his friends thought he would become a writer.

6. When he learned that he had been admitted by Tsinghua University, he could hardly wait to

tell his family the news.

7. We can meet either on campus or at my place.

8. I was so absorbed in the story that I did not realize it was getting dark.

9. I haven’t finished the book I’d borrowed from the library yet.

10. Is it possible to arrange for me to work as a volunteer for the London Olympics?

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征，这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如，我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事，一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室，面带笑容，声音激动。年轻人宣布：“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的，而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期，同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来，深深地叹了口气，宣布说：“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架，两人的关系不再看好。因而，大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时，这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上，成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人，他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节，如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处，如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子，当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后，我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到，当我的世界不断扩展，新的机遇不断出现时，我的父亲，一个年过花甲之人，正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小，选择在变少。在家的那些日子里，我和父亲几次谈心，共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲，并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始，就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样，教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而，当他们到了青春期，这些问题却遭到了质疑，在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年，他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末，一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的

现代大学英语精读单词

U n i t 1 Baptist counsel encyclopedia agenda attitudinal contribute crisis endeavor ethical ethnic masculine resentment evaluate feminine adulthood option perceive project excessive functional genetic inherit interaction peer process stressful endowment ethnic adolescence affirm approval unquestionably heighten inhibition internalize newscast

rebel seminary theological wardrobe unit4 bearded Cynicism elegant guffaw lunatic monarch page pebble scant scratch block elaborately fountain half-naked nudge olive paradox privacy scoop squatter stroll titter sweat unit5 abundance adapt angler biocide birch bound built-in

chorus colossal confined considerable throb trout vegetation migrant suppress synthetic contamination counterpart deliberate ecologist evolve fern flame flicker gear harmony immune reserve score sicken span spiral subject mold outbreak potent primitive puzzle rapidity resurgence midst modify organism

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