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完整word版初中英语形容词和副词讲义

完整word版初中英语形容词和副词讲义
完整word版初中英语形容词和副词讲义

讲义3 :形容词

一、形容词的定义:

表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.

二、形容词的位置

1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面,做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。

例如:a red flower一朵红花this interesting story这个有趣的故事

six blind men 六个盲人my own house我自己的房子

形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

例如:I have something important to tell you.

Is there anything interesting in the film.

三、形容词和副词的等级变化

大多数形容词和副词有三个级:原级(即原形)、比较级和最高级。

1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级。

strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest

。st或r 结尾,只加e如果以2

nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest

3 以重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。

sad--sadder--

saddest

big--bigger--biggest

hot--hotter --hottest

4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加er或est。

angry--angrier-angriest early→earlier →earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest

5、但是,开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如

quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly

slowly—more slowly—most slowly

[注]:early中的ly不是后缀,故把y变i再加er和est

6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级,加most变最高级

different -more different -most different

beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful expensive--more expensive--the most expensive

但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest,

形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化

原比较最高

bestbettergood / well

worstworsebad / ill

mostmany / muchmore

least

littleless

older(新旧或年龄)/elderold

oldest/ eldest

(兄弟姐妹的长幼关系)

far farther(表示距离,译为farthest/ furthest

“更远”)/ further(表示程度,译为“进一步的”)

四.形容词副词的用法

1. he+形容词,表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things.

2 The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级?尮表示越... 就越?尮。

The more you study, the more you know.

。??越来越表示, 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级、3.

It's getting hotter and hotter.

4 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相

同。

This box is as big as mine.

Science is as important as Chinese. 科学和语文一样重要。其否定式,句型为“...not so(as) +形容词或副词的原形+as...”应译为“前者不如后者”

eg.This classroom is not as/so big as that one.这间教室没有那间教室大。

5、比较级:两个或两部分人或事物进行比较用比较级。

比较级由“A..形容词(副词)的比较级+than B”构成, 表示“A 比B更加…”。

eg: He is more athletic than his twin brother.他比他的双胞胎弟弟更爱运动。

That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.那一定比坐公汽有趣的多。

Mary sings better than her sister.玛莉比她妹妹唱得好些。重点:a little, a bit, a lot, much,even,far等词后的形容词或副词用比较级。

后只能用原形。too,so, quite,how

6、形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

五、课堂练习

一. 单项填空

1.--- It's so cold today.

--- Yes, it's than it was yesterday.

A. more cold

B. more colder

C. much colder

D. cold

2.Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.

A. more

B. a little

C. many

D. few

3.She isn't so at maths as you are.

A. well

B. good

C. better

D. best

4.Peter writes of the three.

A. better

B. best

C. good

D. well

5.He is enough to carry the heavy box.

A. stronger

B. much stronger

C. stron

D. the strongest

6.The box is heavy for the girl carry.

A. too; to

B. to; too

C. so; that

D. no; to

7.The ice in the lake is about one meter . It's strong enough to skate

on.

A. long

B. high

C. thick

D. wide

8.Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.

D. too

C. very B. much A. so

9、---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?

---Of course the moon is.

A. small

B. smaller

C. smallest

D. the smallest

二. 选择填空。

1. The new library has ______________ (many, more) books than

the old one.

2. Sally is ______________ (tall, taller) than her cousin.

3. Our school is much ______________ (large, larger) than

yours.

4. Look, Janet is jumping ______________ (high, higher) than Mike.

5.Mr Hare runs much ______________ (fast, faster) than

Mr Turtle. Mr Hare needn't run______________ (fast, faster) now.

6. In the gym, Tommy is playing table tennis ______________ (well, better) than Jimmy.

7. This book is very ______________ (interesting, more interesting) , but that one is

______________ (interesting, more interesting) than it.

三. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. My school is ______________, but Tom's school is

______________ than mine. And Sally's school is the

______________. (small)

2. Rabbits can run ______________, but tigers can run

______________ than rabbits, and cheetahs can run

______________ of the three. (fast)

3.Pig is ______________, but deer is ______________ than pig, and elephant is the

______________ (heavy)

人教版(新目标)初中英语形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

人教版(新目标)初中英语形容词与副词的比较级与最高级 (一)规则变化: 1.绝大多数的单音节和少数双音节词,加词尾-er ,-est tall—taller—tallest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice—nicer—nicest , able—abler—ablest 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词或少数双音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big—bigger—biggest 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,改y为i再加-er,-est easy—easier—easiest 5.少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est clever—cleverer—cleverest, narrow—narrower—narrowest 6.其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级 easily—more easily—most easily (二)不规则变化 常见的有: good / well—better—best ; bad (ly)/ ill—worse—worst ; old—older/elder—oldest/eldest many / much—more—most ; little—less—least ; far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

用法: 1.原级比较:as + adj./adv. +as(否定为not so/as + adj./adv. +as)当as… as中间有名字时,采用as + adj. + a + n.或as + many / much + n. This is as good an example as the other is . I can carry as much paper as you can. 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时放在as的前面 This room is twice as big as that one. 倍数+as+adj.+as = 倍数+the +n.+of Your room is twice as larger as mine. = Your room is twice the size of mine. 2.比较级+ than 比较级前可加程度状语much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, three years. five times,20%等 He is three years older than I (am). 表示“(两个中)较……的那个”时,比较级前常加the(后面有名字时前面才能加冠词) He is the taller of the two brothers. / He is taller than his two brothers. Which is larger, Canada or Australia? / Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 可用比较级形式表示最高级概念,关键是要用或或否定词等把一事物(或人)与其他同类事物(或人)相分离 He is taller than any other boy / anybody else.

【初中英语】副词专项练习

【初中英语】副词专项练习 一、初中英语副词 1.Skimming is a kind of reading strategy. It means reading an article ______ to find the main idea without reading every word. A. quickly B. carefully C. clearly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】略读是一种阅读技巧,它是指迅速地读课文去获得主要意思而不读每一个单词。根据without reading every word 可知应读得快。A. quickly迅速地;B. carefully认真地;C. clearly清晰地;B和C选项不符合句意的表达,根据语境及用法可知应选A。 【点评】副词的辨析一般侧重的是意义而不是用法,故只关注用法搭配是不科学的。 2. Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates. A. so B. very C. too D. much 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:亚历克斯做的关干社区服务的计划比他的同班同学做的好的多。so 如此,very 非常,too 太,用来修饰形容词或副词的原级;a lot,a little,much,far等用来修饰比较级,说明比较的程度。结合句意,故选D。 3.Write it possible and try not to make nay mistakes. A. as careful as B. as carefully as C. more careful D. less careful 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】本题考查形容词、副词及其固定短语的用法。句意:尽可能地仔细写,尽量别出错,固定短语as...as possible尽可能……,副词修饰动词,所以选B。 4.—Have you seen the hot film Wandering Earth ________? —Yes, I have. ________ wonderful science fiction movie it is! A. yet; How a B. already; How C. yet; What a D. already; What 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——你曾经看过电影《流浪地球》吗?——是的,我已经看过了。它是一个多么好的科幻小说电影啊!yet用在现在完成时的疑问句或者否定句,already 用在肯定句,句子是一般疑问句,所以用yet。what引导的感叹句结构是What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!how引导的感叹句结构是How+形容词或者副词+主语+谓

(完整word版)初中英语形容词和副词的用法和练习题

页眉内容 形容词 big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的;矮的young年轻的old旧的;老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet 安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh 新鲜的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy 高兴的bored无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy 重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colorful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的 二. 形容词的作用,见下表: 有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep ,awake等。例如: Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone.

形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。 例如: You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词2)数词3)性质4)大小5)形状6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词该如何排列?为什么不能说a black new pen, 而说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循? 如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful, horrible, lovely, nice等;sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long, short, round, narrow等;a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old, new, young等;c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red, black, orange等,o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British, Canadian, German等;m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal, aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen。当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 例如: His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如: The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如: They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如:

初中英语形容词与副词总复习

初中英语形容词与副词总复习

————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:

形容词、副词用法专题精讲 Ⅰ形容词 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,It’s a cold and windyday. 2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。 例如,Would you like something hotto drink? 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,Howlong is the river?Its abouttwo hundred metres long. 5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例如,The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的 例如,Myelder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的 8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词 A small roundtable一张小圆桌Atallwhite building一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirtyold black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famousAmerican medical school一个非常著名 的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),cl ever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,It’svery kindof you to helpme.(=Youare very kindtohelp me.)你能帮助我,真好。 It’s very rudeof herto say such words.(=Sheis very rude to say suchword s.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。?It’s foolish ofhim to go alone.(=Heis foolishto goalone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),h ard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impo

初中英语语法大全:形容词和副词

初中英语语法大全:形容词和副词 A:形容词 1、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分 成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的 变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以 -thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely. (错)He spoke to me very friendly. (对)Her singing was lovely. (对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如: the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复 数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building

完整word版初中英语形容词和副词讲义

讲义3 :形容词 一、形容词的定义: 表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类. 二、形容词的位置 1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面,做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。 例如:a red flower一朵红花this interesting story这个有趣的故事 six blind men 六个盲人my own house我自己的房子 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 例如:I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 三、形容词和副词的等级变化 大多数形容词和副词有三个级:原级(即原形)、比较级和最高级。 1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级。 strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest 。st或r 结尾,只加e如果以2 nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest

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