新编大学英语1课后答案解析

新编大学英语课后答案

Unit 1

Part One

PREPARATION

1. Different Kinds of Personal Relationships

STEP ONE

parent—child employer—employee clerk—customer

husband—wife write—reader driver—passenger

teacher—student host—guest buyer—seller

doctor—patient boyfriend—girlfriend performer—audience

STEP TWO

co-workers，colleagues，classmates，roommates，schoolmates，seatmates，playmates，lovers，supervisor，neighbors，co-author...

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. 1. 1) A 2) B 3)A 4)A 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C

2. 1) killed 2) wounded 3) arrived 4) girl 5) badly/seriously

6) blood 7) none 8) American 9) type 10) orphans

11) French 12) difficulty 13) frightened 14) would 15) cried

16) Vietnamese 17) dying 18) understand 19) willing 20) friend 3.（略）

Vocabulary

1. 1) reply 2) land 3) pat 4) supplied 5) wound

6) pat 7) replied 8) signed 9) wounded 10) supplies 11) sign 12) balance 13) land 14) balance

2. run: 1) D 2) A 3)C 4)E 5) F 6) B

match: 1) E 2) B 3)G 4)D 5) C 6) F 7) A

3. 1) Insert 2) in the balance 3) requests 4) relief 5) let out 6) tiny

7) steady 8) stiff 9) occasional 10) misunderstood 11) limited 12) action

Translation

1) I'm tired. I should not have gone to bed so late last night.

2) I don't/didn't know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together.

3) We are supposed to meet her at the train station.

4) You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them.

5) Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.

6) Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Part Three

FURTHER Development

1Grammar Review

B: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before.

B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam.

If he had worked harder, the exam would not been so difficult for him.

B: But he really shouldn't have stayed up the night before exam.

B: That's terrible. He shouldn't have cheated on the exam.

2 Vocabulary Review

1）A. Although/Though B. though C. though

2）A. reply/answer B. answer C. replying

3）A. speaks B. speak C. taking D. speak/talk

4）A. injured B. hurt C. wounded/injured D. wounds

5）A. houses B. apartment, apartments

6）A. aside B. apart C. aside/apart

7）A. requests B. requested C. demanded D. demands

8）A. border B. boundary C. boundary

Unit 2

Part One

PREPARATION

1 Expressions Related to Memory

STEP ONE（略）

STEP TWO

b 2）d 3）a 4）c

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.1) brother 2) late 3) land 4) take 5) because

6) noise 7) worse 8) bags 9) briefcase 10) counter 11) look 12) said 13) on 14) loading 15) get

16) have 17) form 18) delivered 19) airport 20) home

21) unloaded 22) never 23) realized 24) flights 25) midnight 2. 1)F 2)F 3)F 4)F 5)T 6)F 7)T 8)F

Vocabulary

1. 1) B

A. flight: a journey on an airplane, etc.

B. flight: an airplane that takes people on a particular journey

2) A

A. meet: wait for somebody, greet somebody

B. meet: see somebody accidentally

3) A

A. take off: leave the ground and start flying

B. take off: become successful or popular

4) B

A. conclude: end or bring something to an end

B. conclude: reach a belief or opinion as a result of thought or study

5) A

A. whoever: anyone who

B. whoever: no matter who

6) B

A. view: an opinion or idea

B. view: the ability to see or be seen from a particular place

7) B

A. check: examine something to make sure that it is safe, correct, in good condition, etc.

B. check: (BrE) leave (baggage, etc.) ready to be dispatched

8) A

A. suggest: say or show something in an indirect way

B. suggest: propose a plan or idea for somebody to discuss or consider

9) A

A. lot: an area of land used for a particular purpose

B. a lot: a large amount or number

10) B

A. painful: causing physical pain

B. painful: upsetting or unpleasant

2. 1)off 2)in 3)by 4)down 5)for 6)of

7)in 8)off 9)in 10)on 11)out/in 12)from

3. 1）shocked 2）concluded 3）glancing 4）baggage 5）exclaimed 6）display 7）whoever 8）promise 9）agent 10）airline 11）opening 12）engine

4. 延误一小时delay for an hour

接机/在机场接人meet a flight/meet…at the airport

观看飞机起降watch planes land and take off

碰巧happen to

让（某人）想起remind…of

急忙赶回去hurry back

也许(a polite expression) by any chance

朝某人身后瞥了一眼glance/look over one’s shoulder

消失不见了 vanish from sight

平静了一点儿 calm down a little

送到……地址deliver to one’s address

朝停车场上……的车走去head for one’s car in the parking lot 卸（某人的）车u nload one’s car

不能相信自己的眼睛can’t believe one’s eyes

午夜后不久shortly/soon after midnight

Translation

1. That songs always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.

2. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.

3. All flights to New York today are delayed because of the bad weather.

4. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.

5. I can not find my checkbook. I must have left it at home.

6. By the time, the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review.

1)when 2)which/that 3)who/that 4)that 5)what

6)where 7)which 8)whose 9)(that) 10)how

11)which 12)which 13)why 14)whoever

2 Vocabulary Review

Section A

1)A. remember B. reminded C. remind

2)A. number B. amount C. amounts

3)A. effect B. affect C. affect

4)A. compare...with/to B. compared...to C. compare with/to

Section B

1.briefcase

2.engine

3.specific

4.realistic

5.ability

6.airline

7.vanish

8.delivery

9.accurate 10.recall 11.display 12.expert 13.involved 14.helpful 15.view 16.repeat 17.jewel 18.dull 19.unable

Part Four

WRITING NND TRANSLATION

1. A young man came to the check-in counter and asked if his briefcase had been turned in.

2. He looked over my shoulder at the conveyer belt and shouted that he had seen his briefcase going through the opening at the end of the conveyor belt.

3. Unfortunately, his briefcase had already been loaded on one of the flights.

4. I assured him that we would call him as soon as we found his briefcase.

5. To our great surprise, the young man said that he had already found his briefcase in his car.

Unit 3

Part One

PREPARATION

1 Why Are You Speaking?

STEP ONE

1) The man wants to express his love to the woman. He hopes that they could fall in love just like the two persons in the picture.

2) The woman wants to prevent the boy from doing that.

3) The woman wants to know the man's opinion about the thing.

4) The man wants to stop the boy from disturbing him, and gives the boy an advice. STEP TWO（略）

3 Idioms Related to Parts of the Body

1)G 2)A 3)H 4)C 5)B 6)E 7)F 8)D

4 How Do Animals Communicate?

1)E 2)A 3)F 4)B 5)D 6)C

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the General Organization of the Text

1) Non verbal language or body language is also an important means of communication.

2) A) the gesture of nodding the head up and down，

B) eye contact，

C) the sign of waving the hand/a wave of the land,

D) Personal conversation distance.

3) cultural awareness.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) They may mean different things in different cultures.

2) Facial expression, gesture, and other movements of the body that send messages.

3) Nodding the head up and down.

4) Because he thought the student was expressing “I agree to buy the machine” by nodding his head.

5) People are expected to look into the other person’s eyes during a conversation.

6) He may come closer instead of going away.

7) Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation distances.

8) It’s the awareness of differences between different cultures./It’s the awareness of proper behavior in different cultures.

Vocabulary

1. 1）ABBAB 6）ABBAB

2. 1）gesture 2）signal 3）misunderstanding 4）behaved 5）curls

6）meaningful 7）rarely 8）means 9）unfamiliar 10）decreased

11）bowed 12）communication 13）facial 14）awareness 15）occur Translation

1. You won't get the job unless you have got the experience.

2. Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.

3. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can't cause any misunderstanding.

4. He wishes he could give her more help than what he does now .

5. Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold .

6. She has added a picture of Picasso to her collection.

7. I am not aware of ever having been here before.

8. You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

Section A

1）I don't know whether to go to the movies or stay to watch TV at home.

2）I'm thinking when to leave.

3）Please tell us where to send your mail.

4）I don't decide which city to settle in.

5）I'm not sure(I don't know)who to ask for help.

6）Could you show me how to get the railway station from here?

7）We would discuss what to do with the money.

Section B

Example 1:

The earlier you leave，the sooner your will arrive.

More expensive the hotel is，the better service it has.

The more you get to know him，the more you like him.

The more longer you wait, the more impatient you have.

Example 2:

The garden is about four times bigger than mine.

The house is about three times as expensive as his.

He runs three times faster than I do.

Machine works ten times as efficient as people do.

Example 3:

she asks about that

you study hard

I give him $ 200

you speak loudly

2 Vocabulary Review

1）expands 2）means 3）sign 4）genuine 5）reward 6）fault 7）effort 8）horizons 9）habit 10）resolve 11）recognized

5 Eyes — The Windows of the Soul

STEP ONE

daecb

STEP TWO

caught his eye

have eyes bigger than my stomach

making eyes at

turn a blind eye to

take my eyes off

PART FOUR

WRITING AND TRANSLATION

2 Translation Practice

1) First, you must be aware that feeling nervous in a new very environment is normal.

2) Our thoughts can race a long several times faster than most people speak.

3) In order to get other’s attention, you must learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener.

4) One of the essential points is that you should try to broaden your horizons.

5) A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling

a joke about yourself.

6) Only when you are willing to talk and listen attentively, will you succeed in making friends with the people around you.

Unit 4

Part One

PREPARATION

1 A Freshman’s Alphabert

ASSIGNMENTS

BOOKS

CAMPUS I live

DORMITORY

EXAMINATIONS

FRIENDS I enjoy talk with

GRAMMAR

HOBBIES

INFORMATION I can get it from internet

JOB

KNOWLEDGE

LIBRARY

MAJOR

NOTES

OK

PROFESSORS

QUIZZES I am afraid of them

REPORTS

SCHOLARSHIPS

TUTION I have to pay for my education

UNIVERSITIES

VACATIONS

WEEKENDS

X'MAS CARDS

YAHOO

ZOO

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the organization of the text

II. A）I went to the wrong building，so went to the wrong classroom

B）step，dropped，fell

C）going to the cafeteria and stayed in room

III. he also dropped the food tray and fell to the ground.

he seemed to fell that nothing serious had happened.

IV. A）one made mistake in college

2. Understanding Specific Information

1）No，it is not true that everyone on campus was not watch the narrator. It is just a kind of feeling from the narrator. Because it is the first day of his college life , he was very nervous.

2）He wanted to stay out of the professor's vision.

3）Literature.

4）Biology majors look serious.

5）A）Here "it" refers to my entire life.

B）It was terrible.

6）Here "it" refers to the terrible thing that the narrator fell.

7）Because she/he was afraid of those students recognized him.

8）" The same fate" means to the student drop a tray and fall just like the narrator. 9）Because he did not take it serious.

10）"It" refers to whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong lecture, etc.

11）Mistakes.

12）Making mistakes is not as serious as one would think.

Vocabulary

1. 1）taste 2）rearing 3）tips 4）taste 5）settled 6）major

7）lot 8）rear 9）settle 10）major 11）settled 12）tip

2. 1）tray 2）view 3）clasps 4）relax 5）crashed 6）schedule

7）slip 8）groped 9）completely 10）grinned 11）opportunities 12）hesitation Translation

1. It’s far too hot in the room, open the window, please!

2. The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.

3. He should have been angry at what I said. It was nothing more than a joke.

4. We invited all our friends to the picnic but it rained and only five of them showed up.

5. She views marriage as a serious matter.

6. To my disappointment, the movie didn’t live up to my expectations.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

Section A

1）laugh—to laugh/laughing 2）were—be/is 3）saw—had seen 4）to go—go

5）as—like 6）like—as 7）too—either 8）we can—can we

Section B

Sample 1:

If I found $100 in the street, I would give it to the policeman.

If someone pointed a gun at me, I would fall in a faint.

If I had had enough training, I would have been promoted.

If I had that you were ill, I would have bought some delicious food for you. Sample 2:

It might rain. You'd better change your plan to stay at home.

We've almost run out of money. We'd better not continue our trip.

You don't look very well. You'd better have a rest.

The river look very dirty. You'd better not drink it.

2 Vocabulary Review

Section A

1) living 2) find out 3) awaiting 4) bored 5) clapped 6) in time 7) sweat 8)

Section B

1）fund 2）stress 3）rear 4）aid 5）fund 6）stressed

7）rear 8）aid 9）crash 10）discipline 11）viewed

12）structure 13）crash 14）discipline 15）views 16）structure

Unit 5

Part One

PREPARATION

1 Just for Fun

STEP ONE

1. mouse

2.pig

3.fish

4.mule

5.bird

6.owl

STEP TWO

1）fish 2）pig 3）mouse 4）mule 5）owl 6）bird

3 What Are They?

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. para.1-2——What we mean by culture.

para.3.——Animals can not only use tools but also make tools.

para.4——Animals can learn and share behavior.

para.5——Animals can communicate with some forms of language.

para.6——There are limits to animal culture.

2. 1）DBBBC 6）ADD.

Vocabulary

1. 1）handy 2）cultural 3）untrue 4）belief 5）scientist

6）successful 7）religious 8）defenses 9）strength 10）social

2. 1）A.limit B.limit 2）A.contact B.contact 3）A.attempting B.attempt

4）https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0c17978255.html,mand B. command 5）A.form B.form

3. 1）gesture 2）created/has created 3）abstract 4）individual 5）invention 6）feature 7）make up for 8）removed 9）response 10）rule out

4. 1)remove 2)received; accept 3)allow 4)lately 5)shore 6)taught 7)object 8)attract

Translation

1. I used to go to the cinema/movies a lot, but I never have the time now.

2. The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.

3. This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.

4. What aspect of your job/work is(the)most difficult, and what aspect is(the)most rewarding?

5. Some people think he is rude, but that’s not the case.

6. I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

Section B

1)how—that/in which 2)did—would 3)are—is 4)are—is 5)so—such 6)be seen—see

2 Vocabulary Review

Section A

1) A. covered B. spreads C. spread

2) A. agree with B. agree with C. agreed with D. agree on D. agree to

3) A. activity B. act C. action D. act/action

4) A. adapting B. adopted C. adapt

5) A. laying B. lied C. lay D. lay

6) A. weather B. climate C. weather

7) A. invented B. discovered

8) A. as a result of B. as a result

9) A. fun B. funny C. funny

10) A. stripped B. strips C. stripped

Section B

1.CHIMPANZEE

2.PANDA

3.DOG

4.INSECT

5.ELEPHANT

6.CHAMELEON

7.MOUSE 8.OWL 9.LION 10.GIRAFFE 11.PUPPY 12.TURTLE 13.CAT

Unit 6

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Part 1 (para.1-6); Part 2 (para. 7); Part 3 (para. 8-13)

2. 1）Flying saucers or UFOs from other plant.

2）Underwear earthquakes/Geography of the area.

3）The strange magnetic properties of the Bermuda Triangle.

4）Large amounts of methane gas escaping from the seafloor of the Bermuda Triangle

3. 1）TTFFT 6）TFTTT

Vocabulary

1. 1）A.belief B.believable

2）A.mysteries B.mysterious

3）A.mix B.mixture

4）A.responsible B.responsibility

5）A.triangular B.triangle

6）A.explode B.explosion

7）A.intelligence B.intellgent

8）A.discovery B.discovered

9）A.scientific B.science

10）A.appearance B.disappear C.disappearance

2. 1）in 2）on 3）in 4）into 5）of 6）for 7）in 8）to 9）off 10）on

3. 1）properties 2）amounts 3）similarly 4）compass 5）escaping 6）puzzled

7）offers 8）trace 9）theory 10）normally

Translation

1. Her hard work resulted in a big bonus for her.

2. Children were watching the planes take off and load.

3. As soon as I’m on board a ship I always feel sick.

4. A total of 20000 people visited the museum on the first day when it was open to the public.

5. The committee consists of scientists and engineers.

6. I wouldn’t dare to go home with the job unfinished.

Unit 7

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the General Organization of the Text

para. 1-2(c); para. 3-9(a); para. 10-13(d); para. 14-16(b)

2. Understanding Detailed Information

1）CBDCB 2）AD

Vocabulary

1. 1）waring 2）developments 3）possibilities 4）alarming 5）mistaken 6）discomfort 7）uncertainty 8）confusing 9）anxiety 10）supportive

2. 1）if 2）was/am faced with 3）strategy 4）outcome 5）unless

6）inhibit 7）take action 8）confused 9）audience 10）created/has created 3. 1）with 2）with 3）by 4）by/at 5）of 6）into 7）about/of 8）like Translation

1. We are considering selling the house.

2. I suggest he wait a while before he makes an decisions.

3. John is very likely to come to the party tomorrow.

4. We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.

5. You shouldn’t have gone back t the burning building, yo u might have been badly/seriously burnt.

6. It/The thought had never crossed my mind that there might be a problem.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

STEP ONE

Verbs: desire, determine, intend, maintain, order, urge, etc.

Nouns: motion, pray, recommendation, etc.

Adjectives: desirable, possible, urgent, vital, etc.

STEP TWO

1）be dropped 2）bring 3）leave 4）go 5）be warned

6）do 7）finish 8）be finished 9）be held 10）have

2 Vocabulary Review

1）A.rate B.speed/rate C.speed

2）A.payments B.loan C.loan D.Payment

3）A.waiting B.awaited C.awaiting

4）A.flesh B.flesh C.flesh

5）A.escaped B.escaped/avoided C.avoided D.avoided

Unit 8

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Structure of the Passage

para.1 One of the famous love stories in history.

para.2-3 Their lives before they knew each other.

para.4-6 How they met and fell in love with each other.

para.7 Their life together.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1）TFFTF 2）TTF

Vocabulary

1. Section A

1）add/added up to 2）criticize 3）fell/fall in love 4）take place

5）miracle 6）arranged 7）by name 8）primarily

9）face to face 10）By the age of 11）A great deal 12）ceremony

2. Section A

1）IAJFD 6）HBCGE

Section B

1）common 2）childhood 3）compatible 4）correspondence 5）diminished 6）eccentric 7）miracle 8）impersonal 9）passion 10）popular Translation

1. World War II took place in 1945.

2. My grandfather drinks a great deal.

3. He was still working by the age of 65.

4. The teacher knows all his students by name.

5. The police have finally succeeded in solving the mystery.

6. He likes all kinds of sports, but most of all, basketball.

7. Talking on the phone is different from talking face to face.

8. They fell in love with each other because they had common interests.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

1）Right in front of our house was a wide river.

2）From the room came the sound of children singing.

3）Beneath the streets of a modern city exists a network of pipes.

4）Amused by the joke, he couldn't help laughing loudly.

5）Interested in music, she spends all her pocket money on records.

6）Absorbed in his experiment, he didn't notice my entering the laboratory.

Unit 9

Part One

PREPARATION

3 What Is This Special Day?

On/of, on/of, at/for, by, on, on/at, in

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Scanning for Specific Information

For:

1）It is fun for children.

2）It gets you out of the usual routine.

3）People are friendlier.

4）Giving presents can be very satisfying.

5）One can concentrate on non-commercial values.

6）It is time to pause and reflect.

7）The preparations，like decorating the house，are fun.

8）It is a time to be with friends.

9）There are all kind of delicious foods.

10）It is a holy day.

Against:

1）It is an unchristian, and purely alcoholic occasion.

2）It is a waste of money.

3）People don't think about others who are less fortunate.

4）It is a wasteful and thoughtless ceremony.

5）It's all "humbug" or hypocritical.

6）People eat too much or eat food they don't want.

7）It's disappointing for poor people who can't afford to spend a lot of money. 8）It is no longer a religious celebration, it has lost its meaning.

2. Understanding Specific Information

CCABCC

Vocabulary

1. 1）A. childish B. child C. childhood D. childlike

2) A. Commercially B. commercial C. commerce D. commercials E. non-commercial 3）A. exciting B. excite C. excited D. excited E. excitement

4）A. satisfied B. satisfy C. satisfaction D. satisfying E. satisfactorily

2. 1）BBAAA 2）BA

3. 1）fired 2）boiled 3）steamed 4）roasted 5）baked 6）toasted Translation

1. The topic of the speech is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.

2. It seemed incredible that some students still played football before the exams.

3. Mr. Auden is a happy man who derives pleasure from helping others.

4. Two Americans shared last year’s Nobel Prize for Medicine.

5. First of all I’d like to welcome you to the meeting.

6. I’m not accustomed to su ch luxury. It’s a waste of money.

7. The results of the exam will be put up on Friday afternoon.

8. Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science. Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

2. Vocabulary Review

1）rival 2）recognized 3）polluting 4）misleading 5）economic

6）luxury 7）debts 8）routine 9）represent 10）tradition

11）ideal 12）promote 13）apology 14）attitude 15）convincing

Unit 10

Part One

PREPARATION

2 Word Association

1）wheat cucumber oat pumpkin strawberry pepper corn pea mushroom lemon grapefruit orange watermelon

2）cattle turkey goose goat duck dog sheep cow pig

3）sickle tractor fork spade plow bucket

4）processing weeding tilling irrigation fertilization plowing harvesting storage

3. A True Or False Game

1）TFTFF 6）FFTFT

Part Two

Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding Organization of the passage

2）A. destructive to the development

B. the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum

D. policies, eating habits

3）sustainable

2. Understanding Specific Information

1）DBDBD 6）CDA

Vocabulary

addition chemistry/chemical

generation/generator destructiveness/destruction

mixture/mix hunger

reduction importance

transportation distance

improvement politics

protection efficiency

treatment productivity

2. 1）prevention 2）hopeless 3）development 4）poverty 5）wasteful

6）economic 7）solution 8）pollution/being polluted

9）successful 10）industrial 11）global 12）agricultural

3. 1）A. n. money in the form of notes and coins

B. v. exchange the check for money

2）A. n. a substance which is used to provide heat or power, usually by burning B. v. provide with fuel

3）A. n. a change made to a system, especially a political system, in order to improve it

B. v. change something such as a law, system or public organization, so that it operation with more justice and fairness

4）A. n. the parts that remain when the rest of a building has been destroyed B. v. spoil or destroy severely or completely

5）A. n. a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing

B. v. turn over earth especially with a plow

6）A. v. bring in from abroad

B. n. commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

7）A. n. "bring something under control" means to stop something dangerous from getting worse or affecting more people

B. v. make a machine, a process, or system work in a particular way

8）A. v. use more of something than one should

B. n. material which has been used, but is no longer wanted

4. Section A

1）improve 2）avoid 3）treat 4）save 5）reduce 6）bring about 7）make use of Translation

1. The best way to lose weight is to avoid eating fatty foods.

2. One of the main causes of hunger used to be lack of transportation.

3. Wasteful packaging will add to the price of food/food price.

4. Economic reform would not be successful without the development of agriculture.

5. The farmers will grow more cash crops next year instead of grains.

6. At present, there are still places in the world where farmers make use of animal labor.

Part Three

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1 Grammar Review

1）drink 2）getting 3）trying 4）buying 5）eating

6）make/to make 7）to feed 8）going 9）farming 10）to miss

2 Vocabulary Review

1）product 2）production 3）productivity 4）produces 5）products

6）production 7）productive 8）producer 9）reproduced 10）produce

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Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice

新编大学英语3课后填空题

Unit(1) 1.The doctor’s discovery will have a ( profound深度的;知识渊博的) influence on mankind. 2.She was overwhelmed with ( jealousy妒忌) when she heard that he had been given a promotion. 3.I went to the beach ( numerous 很多的) times last summer. 4.You are ( overweight 超重的) and so you should eat less. 5.When you learn a second language you have many difficulties to ( overcome战胜;克服). 6.If you keep practicing ,you might ( eventually最后,终于) become a good dancer. 7.Exercising is one of the ways of keeping ( slim苗条的). 8.She asked us all what we thought of her new hairstyle ,but she was only looking for ( compliments赞美;恭维). 9.The amount of water in the pond will ( diminish减少;减弱) as the dry season continues. 10.Mary’s comforting words provided the ( reassurance恢复自信) I needed . 11.They are worried that their decision might prove to be ( detrimental影响) to the future of the company. 12.When a person has an infectious disease ,he is usually ( isolated孤独;隔绝的) from other people. 13.This type of unsympathetic无同情心的approach can destroy a child’s confidence and ( self-esteem自尊;自负) . 14.Throughout his speech ,he（accented口音;强调) the seriousness of the situation. Unit(3) 1.We are ( constantly不间断的) reminded of his success. 2.The change in leadership will have a huge ( impact影响;作用) on government policy. 3.The financial ( burden重负) will be more evenly shared. 4.( Candidly坦率地;自然的) ,David, I think you’re being unreasonable. 5.Seeing my work completed successfully gives me a strong sense of ( fulfillment完成;履行;实现). 6.The company had 143 ( salaried领薪水的) staff, most of whom it could no longer afford to keep. 7.She expressed ( resentment埋怨;不满) at being interviewed by a social worker. 8.He’s been running the company with the ( assistance帮助) of his son. 9.She needs to ( perfect完美的) her Arabic before going to work in Cairo. 10.Harry could scarcely ( suppress禁止,隐瞒) a smile. Unit(4) 1.I have got the Key ( in case也许;免得) we want to go inside. 2.( Every so often有时;偶尔),she spends a weekend in London. 3.His punishing累人的work schedule had made him ( resort to诉诸于;采取) drugs. 4.Let's（talk over说服；讨论；商量）the problem with our teacher. 5.Maybe we can forget what has happened and （start over重新开始）. 6.They were claiming record profits when, （in reality事实上）,the company was close to bankruptcy. 7.If we lose the contract, hundreds of jobs are （at stake危险）. 8.He（seized on抓住）the suggestions as a way of getting out of his financial difficulties. 9.The bank has offered a reward for any information ( leading to领到) the arrest of the man. 10.After two years spent teaching abroad ,she returned home for a month to （take stock of估计；观察）her life. Unit 5 1.The soldiers（renewed更新的；重建的）the attack after stopping for a little while. 2.The rules of safe driving ( apply运用；申请) to everyone. 3.It's no use being sorry if you （persist坚持）in doing it. 4.The cold winter was （succeeded）by a stormy spring. 5.I can't just （drop使落下；放弃）everything to receive casual visitors. 6.The details of the policy have not been（revealed显示；透露）yet. 7.The sight of the Great Wall filled the visitors with （wonder对……感到疑惑）.

新编大学英语4(第二版)Unit 1-Unit 6单元 课文翻译及课后答案详解

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲