新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程4Lecture Key_U1

Unit One

Man and Nature

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

▆Working with Words and Expressions

1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following

sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers:

1) spark

2) compelled

3) bare

4) scrape

5) destruction

6) output

7) retreat

8) tipped

9) miracle

10) eternal

11) pile

12) transfer

13) mass

14) thereby

15) have emerged

16) trigger

17) threaten

18) consumed

19) hollow

2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences

with them. Change the form where necessary.

▆ Answers:

1) show signs of

2) cope with

3) lives in fear of

4) tough it out

5) cut down

6) from head to foot

7) searched out

8) nothing short of

9) As yet

10) settle in

11) take heart

▆Increasing Your Word Power

1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the

differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.

▆ Answers:

1) temptation

2) attraction

3) chance

4) opportunity

5) states

6) country

7) warned

8) threatened / threatens

9) refuse

10) reject

11) total

12) gross

2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from

“communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from.

3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in

meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.

▆ Answers:

1) individual

2) contradictory

3) destructive

4) rational

5) primitive

6) synthetic

7) distant

8) pessimistic

9) irreplaceable

10) enormous

Grammar in Context

1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of each of the

present participles used as an adverbial.

▆ Answers:

1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances

2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances

3) an adverbial of result

4) an adverbial of result

5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances

6) an adverbial of result

7) an adverbial of time

2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using a present

participle as an adverbial.

▆ Answers:

1) killing thousands upon thousands of people

2) raising the average yield by 15 percent

3) trying to deduce its operating principle

4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book

5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time

6) leaving the project unfinished

7) Turning to the right

8) Not wanting to make the patient nervous

Cloze

▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.

▆ Answers:

(1) realm

(2) elemental

(3) obtain

(4) stubbornly

(5) transferred

(6) transformed

(7) subdued

(8) expansion

(9) irreplaceable

(10) extinct

(11) dynamic

(12) verge

(13) moderate

(14) ecological

(15) rational

Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

▆ Answers for Reference:

1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.

2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.

3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.

4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.

5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.

6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.

7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.

8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.

9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.

10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.

2. Translate the following passage into English.

▆ Answers for reference:

Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.

Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.

Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.

Theme-Related Writing

▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:

1) the relationship between man and the environment

2) the urgency of environmental protection

3) ways to protect the environment

▆Sample essay

My Understanding of Environmental Protection

Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.

However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.

We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.

(167 words)

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