(通用版)2019高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 2 Cloning教师用书 新人教版选修8

（通用版）2019高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读 Unit 2 Cloning教师用书新人教版选修8

Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写

1．cast vt. 扔；投；掷

2．obtain vt.获得；赢得

3．attain vt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

4．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……

5．bother vt.打扰

vi. 操心

n. 烦扰

6．strike vt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工

n. 罢工

7．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担

8．forbid vt.禁止；不准

9．exact adj.精确的；准确的

→exactly adv. 精确地；准确地

10．accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；聚积

→accumulation n. 积累；聚积

11．resist vt.抵抗；对抗

→resistance n. 抵抗；对抗

12．assume vt.假定；设想

→assumption n. 假定；设想

13．differ vi. 不同；相异

→different adj.不同的

→difference n. 不同；差异

14．object vi. 反对；不赞成

→objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议

→objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的

15．retire vi. 退休；离开

→retired adj.退休的；离职的

→retirement n. 退休

16．reason n. 理由；原因

→reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的

→unreasonable adj.不合情理的

Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记

17．straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的18．breakthrough n. 突破

19．altogether adv. 总共；完全地20．drawback n. 缺点；不利条件

21．adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

高频短语——会默写

1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．cast down 沮丧；不愉快

3．object to 反对

4．in favor of 赞成；支持

5．(be)bound to(do) 一定或注定(做)……6．strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

7．from time to time 不时；偶尔

8．bring back to life 使复生；使复活

9．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机

10．in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏

3.The advantage is that if there is

a new illness some of these animals may die ，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that

disease

to

the

next generation.(The advantage

is that...其优点是……)

3.其优点是如果你能讲流利的英语，你更有可能找到好工作。

The advantage is that if you can speak English fluently ，you are more likely to find a good job.

4.However ，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.(whether...or 是……还是……) 4.有一次让我们自己决定是否在公园里野餐或者去博物馆。

Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.

精讲6个考纲单词

object vi.反对；不赞成 n ．物体；目标

[经典例句] If anybody objects ，we'll postpone the meeting till next week. 如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。 (1)object to (doing)sth. 反对(做)某事 (2)objection n .

反对；厌恶

have an objection to doing sth.

反对做某事 ①We object to being blamed(blame)for something that we haven't done. 我们反对因没有做过的事而受到批评。

②My main objection(object)to the plan is that it costs too much. 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。 [链接写作] 一句多译

就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。

①As far as I'm concerned, I have an objection to charging for parking ．(objection)

②In my opinion ，I object to charging for parking ．(object) ③In my view, I am opposed to charging for parking ．(oppose) ④From my point of view ，I'm against charging for parking ．(against)

【导学号：30892176】

undertake (undertook ；undertaken )vt.着手；从事；承担 [教材原句] It is a difficult task to undertake . 这是一项很难完成的任务。 undertake a task 承担任务

undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事 undertake that...

保证……

①We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.(2015年湖北高考·完成句子)现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。

②As far as I know ，he has undertaken to finish(finish)the job by Friday. 据我所知，他已答应星期五之前完成那项工作。

forbid (forbade/forbad ，forbidden )vt.禁止；不准

[教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...

有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究…… forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事 forbid doing sth.

禁止做某事

?

????forbid sb.to do sth.

forbid sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事

①We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.

我们应采取措施禁止地沟油回流到餐桌。

②My father forbade me from meeting(meet) my friends online at the Internet cafe. 我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。

③He was forbidden to leave(leave)the base as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。

owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢

[经典例句] Thanks for sticking up for me ，I owe you a favour. 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。 (1)owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 (2)owe...to...

把……归功于……

owe it to sb.that... 多亏某人……

(3)owing to 因为；由于

①I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.我必须说我的这些成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。

②I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive.

我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。

③Owing(owe) to the rain，the match was cancelled.比赛因下雨取消了。

bother vt.打扰vi.操心 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人

[教材原句]However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.

然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病，这个问题困扰了科学家们。

(1)bother sb.with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人

bother to do sth. 费心去做某事

It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是……

(2)put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱

①You don't bother to get(get)dinner for me today；I'll eat out.

今天你不用费心为我做饭了，我出去吃。

②I don't want to put him to any bother，so I try doing it by myself.

我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着自己来做这件事。

strike vt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；忽然想起n.罢工[一词多义] 写出下列句子中strike的词性和词义

①Greatly struck by the beauty of the language，I thought how even today Shakespeare's writing remains powerful and true. vt.给……以深刻印象

②A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.

vt.忽然想起

③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.n.罢工

④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.vt.&vi.(钟)报时

⑤A big earthquake struck the city last year，killing dozens of people.

vt.突然袭击

(1)be struck with/by 为……所袭击(感动)

It strikes me that... 我觉得……；我的印象是……

sth.strike sb. 某人突然想到……

(2)be on strike 在罢工

go on strike 举行罢工

⑥I'd like to say how much I am struck by both the scenic beauty and your warm hospitality.

我想说我对这里的美丽景色印象很深，并且被你的热情好客所感动。

诠释2个核心短语

pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

[高考佳句]I was very interested in English and worked hard at it.Finally all my efforts paid off.

我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。

pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价

pay sb.for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬

pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复

①That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.

能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。

②He had to work part-time so as to pay for his education.他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。

in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)

[经典例句] The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。

(1)out of condition 健康状况欠佳

(2)on condition that... 在……条件下；倘若……

on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)

(3)working/living/studying conditions

工作/生活/学习环境

①You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on condition that you preserve them well.

这些书你可以借三个礼拜，条件是你必须好好保存。

②On no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble.

当你处境危险时，你决不能失去信心。

突破1个高考句型

(教材P15)The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals

may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease

to the next generation.

其优势是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存

活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

The advan tage is that...“优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。

The advantage/strength of...is that...

……的优势是……

The disadvantage of...is that... ……的不足是……

The drawback of...is that... ……的缺点是……

The problem of...is that... ……的问题是……

The chance is that... 有可能……

①The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.

汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。

②The chance is that our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches

aren't too difficult.

由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。

[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————

基础考点全面练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Do you think it's (reason)to expect people to work more than 60

hours a week?

2．We may ask her a few questions to make sure we know (exact)what she wants.

3． (owe)to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine.

4．Why bother (go)abroad to study，when there are so many good universities at home?

5． (retire)from business，he now occupies himself with his garden.

6．The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist (take)a close look at them，although she cannot afford them at present.

【答案】 1.reasonable 2.exactly 3.Owing 4.to go 5.Having retired

6.taking

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．He has not easily cast down，because he is a strong-minded person.

2．After 10 years of hard work，they paid back their debts at last.

3．You are bound to feeling nervous about your job interview.

【导学号：30892177】4．It was known to all that Bob had broken his promise he would give them a rise.

【答案】 1.has→is 2.back→off 3.feeling→feel 4.promise后加that

重难考点多维练

1．forbid全接触

(1)单句语法填空

①I will forbid you (leave)unless you apologize for what you have done.

②The manager forbids (smoke)during office hours.

③The students are forbidden，unless they have special passes， (stay)out after 11 pm.

(2)句式升级

④We (禁止外出), so we had to stay at home aimlessly.

→，we had to stay at home aimlessly.(分词作状语)

【答案】①to leave②smoking③to stay④were forbidden from going out；Forbidden from going out

2．condition面面观

(1)句型转换(每空一词)

①You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)

→ tell him what has happened.

②They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend.(同义句转换)

→They agreed to lend us the car we returned it before the weekend.

(2)补全句子

③只要手机的状况良好，我不在意价格。

I don't care about the price；．

【答案】①On no condition should you②on condition that③so long as the cellphone is in good condition

Ⅰ.课文短文改错

根据P15教材课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers.And they are not the only one.The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaurs.In fact，we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals.From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know，it is possible.So dinosaurs' returned to the earth is merely a dream.

【答案】 1.第一句的have→has 2.第二句的one→ones 3.第三句的interesting→interested 4.第四句的that→which 5.第四句的kind→kinds 6.第五句的long前加a 7.第六句的suggeste d→suggest8.第六句的life前的the去掉9.第七句的possible→impossible10.第八句的returned→returning

Ⅱ.高考话题微写作

根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。

1．很多人反对克隆人，甚至有的国家禁止科学家对克隆人进行研究。(object；forbid) 2．他们很沮丧，因为克隆人在道德上不合理。(cast down；reasonable)

3．然而，另外一些国家不同，他们支持医学克隆。(differ；in favour of)

4．事实上，很多国家都在进行着医学克隆，并取得了很大的突破。(undertake；obtain；breakthrough)

5．因此，我们不能抵制它。(resist)

【参考范文】

Many people object to cloning humans，and some countries forbid scientists from doing/to do research into human cloning.They feel cast down because it is not morally reasonable.However，other countries quite differ.They are in favour of medical cloning.Actually many countries are undertaking it and have obtained great breakthroughs.So we are unable to resist it.

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