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图表作文

一、图表作文的类型

二、图表作文的出题形式

三、图表作文的写作要领

四、图表作文练习及其参考范文

图表作文也是四（六）级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。

第一节图表作文的类型

图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。

图表作文来源：考试大的美女编辑们

表格（Table）可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题（Title）、表头（Boxhead）（表格的第一行）、侧目（Stub）（表格左边的第一列）和主体（Body）部分（表格的其余部分）等部分组成。如下表：

用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。

图作文

图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。

（1）圆形图作文

圆形图（Pie chart）也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.

（2）曲线图作文

曲线图（Line graph）也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：

这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点（39），此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点（16）。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。

（3）条形图作文

条形图（Bar graph）也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1）同一项目在不同时间的量；2）同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据

及各长条间的相互关系。例如：

左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命（Life Expectancy），这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目（期望寿命）在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率（Infant Mortality），这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目（婴儿的死亡率）在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。

第二节图表作文的出题形式

我们先来看几个四（六）级考试中的图表作文的例子。

例1 题目：Changes in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)

Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :

1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;

2. give possible reasons for the changes;

3. draw your own conclusions.

You should quote as few figures as possible.

例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)

Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;

1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;

2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;

3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.

Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.

例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):

1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死亡率（infant mortality）的变化情况

2. 说明引起变化的各种原因来源：考试大的美女编辑们

从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1）用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；2）就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

第三节图表作文的写作要领

图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

图表作文的写作步骤

写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：

1）认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；

2）确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；

3）编列文章的提纲；

4）根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；

5）检查与修改。

图表作文的篇章结构

写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想

第二段：分析产生的原因

第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议

图表作文常用的句型

（1）常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法）

①According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图，我们可知……

②T he table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明……

③As we can see from the table …

As can be seen from the line/bar graph …

As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …

如表/图所示，……

(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型

①Compared with … is still increased by …

②The number of … grew/rose from … to …

③An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …

④In … the number remains the same/drops to …

⑤There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.

⑥There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).

好，下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。

⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵—(5)反映交通事故的变化情况

(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势

⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三

⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on

falling this year.⒀总结：展望未来的情况

小结：这一讲我主要讲了图表作文的类型、出题形式及其写作要领。

下面我们进行写作练习。我将给大家一个作文题，请大家根据这一讲的内容，在30分钟内完成。大家在写作的过程中要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。

练习四：考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:

1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;

2. give possible reasons for the changes;

3. draw your own conclusions.

You should quote as few figures as possible.

⑴As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet between 1986 and 1990. ⑵From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people's diet. ⑶And the same goes for fruit and vegetables.

⑷On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly.

⑸What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.

(11) Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.

其他作文常用句型：

It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/ta ble. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).

辩论式议论文

模版1

Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.

More importantly, 论据2.

Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.

或From above, we can predict that 预测.

模版2

People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.

For one thing, 论据1.

For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测.

模版3

There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite

side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念）is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.

First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测

图表作文写法

大学英语四级图表作文的写法: 图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴（chart）。写作模式：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议有用的词上升：increase、rise、ascend 、go up 下降: decrease、fall 、drop、descend、decline 、reduce 平稳:stable 、steady、remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate、fluctuation、rise and fall、up and down 占:occupy、take up、account for 而:while、however、whereas、on the other hand、actually/in fact 相比:by contrast、on the contrary、likewise、compared with 最高点:the highest 、the top、the summit 、the peak、the most 最低点:bottom 、less 、least 、rock bottom 平均:mean、average 趋势:tendency 、trend、inclination 预见:prediction

图表作文常用的句型 (1)常用的开篇句型（即概述图表内容时常用的表达法） ①According to the table/pie chart/bar chart/disgram, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图，我们可知…… ②The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明…… ③As we can see from the table … As can be seen from the table … As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie char t … 如表/图所示，…… (2)描述增减变化常用的句型 ①The number of … gr ew/rose fr om … to … ③There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1998 ③There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 第一段描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.

英语六级作文图表题

1.大学生心理问题Directions: Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following bar chart. In your essay, you should 1)first describe the bar chart, 2)then interpret its meaning, and 3)give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 话题剖析如图所示，有一个大时钟，年轻人试图把指针向前推，而老人则尝试把指针向后推，他们累的满头大汗，却都徒劳无功。年轻人之所以要向前推是因为他对未来充满好奇，老人则是希望回到过去，但是时间是不会加快也不会变慢的。该图的寓意是我们应该充实的过好现在的每一天，珍惜现在的时间，这样才不会在年老时后悔。在论证中，可以从以下角度来考虑：时间不以人的意志向前或者倒退，年轻时应该如何充分利用宝贵时间，因为只有珍惜时间的人才会有更大的机会获得成功，才能充分实现人生的价值。参考范文(196 words) As is apparently portrayed in the bar chart above, at present university students suffer from psychological problems of various kinds, among which spiritual depression, miscellaneous problems, and suicide-committing top the list. What the chart reveals is indeed thought-provoking.

图表作文写作总结

一、图表作文写作常1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table饼图：pie chart 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 表格图：table 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram 2、常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures， figures/statistics shows (that)…… It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) …… table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how…… 3、雅思考试图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up …… 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall …… 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave …… 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off …… 最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverb form) 形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Noun form) 二、雅思图表作文相关常用词组 1、主章开头图表类型：table、chart、diagraph、column chart、pie graph 描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent 内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion 2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的

图表类作文范文

基础写作范文（图表类）上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查。以下是调查数据：写作内容：根据以上数据,写一篇短文,包括以下内容: 1.调查时间,调查问题,以及调查对象; 2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异; 3.”父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异; 4.男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同; 5.你的偶像及理由。 Last week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on “Who is your idol”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows，“parents” rank the second for the girls，but the fourth for the boys. However，the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself， Thomas Edison is my idol，because his inventions have greatly changed our life. 范文二：星期一, 我们班进行了讨论，论题“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?（Is it the only way out to go 根据以上图表数据, 写一篇短文, 包括以下内容; 1，时间，讨论人，论题 2, 60%学生：增长知识,提高素养(quality), 利于择业 3. 30%无所谓：成功的路不只一条. 4. 10%不上大学：学费(tuition)高,就业难. 5. 你的观点及原因. On Monday, we

图表作文写作

图表式作文写作技巧指引一、图表类型汉语英语饼图pie chart 柱形图bar chart / histogram / column chart 趋势曲线图line chart / curve diagram 表格图table 流程图或过程图flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图processing/procedures diagram 二、要点分析 A. 表格图 1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值，对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的说明：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。 B. 曲线图 1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明 2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平 3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。 C. 饼状图 1介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的 D. 柱状图 1.比较: similarity 2.对比: difference) 3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征 E. 流程图 1．首先说明：做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 2．准备工作 3．按时间/过程先后描述

图表式作文写作模板

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第一部分、写作模板——图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 第二部分、写作模板——提纲式作文一、说明原因型模块(一) Nowadays , there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides, ( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up , the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing , ( 6 ). On the other hand , ( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX . 注释： (1)用具体数据说明XX现象； (2)原因一； (3)原因二； (4)原因三 (5)指出主要原因；

2014高职高专写作大赛图表作文讲解及参考范文

英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。第一节图表作文的出题形式和写作要领一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们： 1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。二、图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤： 1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系; 2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据; 3)编列文章的提纲; 4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡; 5)检查与修改。

三、图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的陈述方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想（总趋势+极端值+特点，时态）第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议模板一 ①总的趋势②图表具体描述③剖析图表所揭示的含义 ④理由一⑤理由二⑥理由三⑦理由四⑧总结⑨前景预测 As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in①______. While ②_______. It is obvious from the table that③_________. What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, ④______. Secondly, ⑤______ . What’s more, ⑥_______. Last but not lease, ⑦________. In conclusion, ⑧_________. Moreover, ⑨________. 模板二 ①描述图表②分三方面解释原因③下结论 1) During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______. 2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,____. Second, ____. Third, _____. 3) ___.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that ___. 模板三 ①描述图表②解释图表③补充解释 1) During the period between _______ and ________, ________ declined abruptly from _______ to ________, while ________ increased sharply from ________ to _______. 2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _________ is much cheaper and more convenient__________ . Apart from that, _________. 3) However, there are still a number of people who _________, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,________. On the other hand, ________. 范文：Film Is Giving Way to TV 1. 电影观众越来越少 2. 电视观众越来越多，因为…… 3. 然而，还是有人喜欢看电影，因为…… 1.图表类型： table 表格; chart 图表; diagram图表或图解，示意图; graph图表, 曲线图; column/ bar chart柱状图; pie graph 饼图 2. 描述： show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal 显示; represent表现, 描绘 3.内容： figure数字; statistic统计值; statistics [用作复]统计, 统计数字[资料], 统计表number; percentage; proportion ● 表示数据上升：increase, rise, ascend, core, surge, go up, climb, mount, level up 下降: decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce ,lessen, level, down