学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案
Ｕnｉt 1
Ｔａsk 2 A ｃonｔrａｒy to ?ｉｍplｉcit asｓertion look uｐａdａpｔed
Sustaiｎunｂiａｓed In tｈe course of ｍetaｐhor ｃｌuｔteｒ
B bolsteｒｃｒediｂle impromptu spaｒｉngｌｙａnecdotｅ
Crｅｄentials tｅstimony hypｏtheticａl paraphrase juxtａposition Taｓk 3 Traｎsｌaｔiｏn
B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中,应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点,发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时,可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C．１. Tｈe youｎｇeｒgｅnｅrａtiｏn should coｎtinue to susｔain and dｅｖelopｏur fiｎｅtｒａdiｔions and ｌoｎｇ-staｎdｉｎg ｃulture.
２. Iｎtｈe coｕｒsｅof preｐaｒing one’s spｅech, one shoｕld be ｃleａrｌy a ｗarｅof how ｏne coulｄmaｋe efｆeｃｔive ｕｓｅofｓtatistiｃｓａn ｄｅｘaｍｐｌeｓｔo ｂolｓter
ｏnｅ’s point of view.
3．Ａｎimpromptu speｅch isｏnｅof tｈｅspｅａking skilｌs thａt college students shoｕld leａrｎａnd deｖelop through praｃtice．
4.By uｓing sｉmile ａnd meｔaphoｒ, ｙou can mａke yｏur ｌaｎguａge moｒｅｖivid andｍore attractｉve ｔo yｏur audieｎce.
5．Ｔhe proper exampleｓyou cite might hｅlp rｅinforcｅtｈｅｉmpression ｏn your listeners aｎd make your viｅｗpointｓmｏre conｖinciｎg.
6. Wheｎyou are speａkiｎｇ, ｙｏu shouｌd chｏosｅｃoｍmon ａnd easy wｏrdｓandａt the same ｔime aｖoid cluｔteｒin you spｅeｃｈ.
7．Ｗhen yoｕwrｉｔe a papｅr，ｃitiｎg thｅvieｗｓfrom sｏmｅｅｘpｅｒｔｓis a good way ｔo ｍake ｙｏur iｄeａs morｅｃreｄible.
８. A goｏd metｈod ofｄｅlivering a spｅｅch ｗilｌimprove iｔs qualｉｔy anｄwｉｌl heｌp coｎvey the ｓpeaｋers’ ｉdｅas clearlｙandｉｎteｒeｓｔingly.
9.Ｙｏｕｓhoｕｌdｍｏt blinｄｌy use a word tｈａt you aｒe ｎot sur ｅaｂｏut, and if you aｒe noｔsuｒe, lookｕp the word iｎa dｉctiｏnary.
10. Your lａnguａge should adaｐtｔo the partｉcuｌar occasion aｎd audie ｎce. Iｆyｏur laｎgｕagｅｉs appropriaｔe in aｌｌresｐeｃtｓ,your speech iｓsuccessｆul．
D.Bｅfoｒe you deｌivｅr an acａｄeｍｉc speeｃh, ｙou ｓｈould，ｆｉｒ
st oｆall，ｇeｔwelｌpｒeｐared foｒiｔ．Then,youｓｈｏuｌｄm ａkｅyｏur major ｐoints cｌear in your spｅｅｃh,and ｙouｒspeｅｃｈshoｕld bｅｗｅll ｏrganｉzeｄ. Wheｎspeaking, you shoｕｌd not speａk ｔoo ｆaｓt, and yourｌanguage sｈouｌd be eｘplｉcit．Dｏｎ’t alway ｓread thｅnotes you ｐrｅpaｒｅd ｂeforeｈand. Ｆｒom tiｍｅtoｔｉme, ｙoｕshｏuld looｋat your ａｕdience. On one haｎｄ, you cａｎshow your reｓｐeｃt to your ａudiｅnce, ａnd on the otheｒhａnｄ,yｏu wilｌｂeａｂｌe tｏgoｏn wｉth yoｕｒspeech more sｍooｔhly. Unit ２
Task 2 V ocａbulａrｙDｅvelopmｅｎt
dｅvａstating posed mａｓsive coｎtrｉbuteｔo tｒiple menace liａbiｌｉｔｙconseｎｓuｓentaiｌs plausible
plauｓｉble poｒteｎｄpiｎｄown agｇraｖatｉｎg staｇgｅrin ｇ
on aｐar withｅmｅｒgence resuｒｇence ｄetract from iｎad ｅqｕaｃｙ
Ｔasｋ 3 Translaｔｉon
B.能源和人类利益有着双重关系。人类历史发展长河中,由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面。然而，过去一百年以来人口以空前速度增长,引起了能源需求的激增,同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长。因此,能源利用所需成本越来越高,无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面,能源资源加速减少,能源供应所需投入越来越高;另一方面,相比之下,外延成本更加令人忧虑,原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。
C.1. Eｎerｇｙuse sｈould beｎｅfiｔｇｌoｂal sustainabiｌiｔy so ｔｈａt ｉｔcan contｒibute tｏlong-term huｍａｎwｅll-being.
2. Today, this consensｕｓhａs ｇｉvｅn way tｏa variｅｔy of family styles ａs a rｅsult of people livｉng loｎgeｒ, marrying lａｔｅr , ａnｄｄivorcing more.
3. Mｕcｈof the cuｒrent researｃh entaｉlsｃlose cｏllaboratiｏn with iｎdustrｙ，which leａds to a ｐｒｏfｉｔaｂlｅexcｈaｎｇｅof perｓonneｌand iｄeas.
４. Iｆwe ｃanｎｏt pin down exacｔly whaｔwｅaｒｅsupｐosｅd to be m ａnaging, hｏw can we ｍanage it？
5. Thｅmagnituｄe of urbａn mｉｇratiｏｎin recｅnt years iｓｅｖid ｅncｅoｆmｏre disturbiｎgｔrends：tｈｅeｘpａｎdｉｎg gaｐbetwee ｎrich aｎd pｏor, ｒapｉｄpopulatiｏｎｇｒｏwth and iｎcｒｅaｓing e ｎvironmenｔal degｒaｄatｉｏｎ．
６．The stｕdｅｎｔs pｅrceived that ｔhe toxicｉｔy testiｎg oｆａn insec ｔicide isｏn a par with tｈaｔoｆ a cosmeｔｉｃ.
７. Thiｓpresentaｔion describes ａｌargｅｓet of ｐlauｓible ｇoａlｓ,at ｌeasｔone oｆｗhich should be achieｖeｄwiｔhｉn years.
9.Eｖｅn the verｙｍediocre servｉces and food at ｔhｅbeauｔy ｓp
ｏt dｉdｎotｄｅtract from ｔhe enjoyｍent of ｔhe ｔourｉsts.
10. To ｆｉnanｃｅher ｔwo dａughｔerｓwｈｏaｒe both ａｔcoｌlｅge,
she begａn making hanｄicｒaft ｔoａuｇment ｔｈe fａmｉly incｏmｅ. D．It is dｉffiｃuｌt tｏquantiｆy ｔｈe ｔｏtａｌcontrｉbuｔion of all thes
ｅfａｃtｏrｓｔo ｔｈe monetaｒy coｓts of energy sｕｐply,in par ｔbeｃaｕse fａｃtorｓｎoｔreｌaｔedｔo thｅenviｒｏｎment aｒe ｏfteｎｅntwｉned with enｖｉronmｅntａlｏnｅs．Ｆor eｘａmple, construc ｔｉon delays have beｅｎcausｅd notｊusｔby regｕlａtorｙcoｎｓtr ａints buｔａｌso by pｒobｌems ｏf enginｅering，manaｇemenｔand q ｕalｉty ｃontrｏl. Ｎeverｔｈeless,ｉｎthｅUS，enviｒonmentaｌiｍpａcts ｈaｖe iｎcｒeaｓed ｔhe mｏｎetary coｓts ofｓupplｙiｎg ｐeｔｒｏｌeｕm productｓbｙat ｌｅast 2５perｃent during thｅｐaｓｔ２０years, anｄthe coｓｔs of geneｒating elecｔｒicｉtｙfｒom coal aｎd nuｃlear ｐoweｒby ４0percenｔｏr ｍore.
Uｎit 3
Ｔａsk 2 Vocaｂularｙ Developmｅｎt
A.iｎother worｄsｅｎｆorced ｒegａｒdless oｆadｄreｓs inｖｏｌvedｂoｒdering on apｐlied to suggｅｓt ｃoｎvicｔions ａvａiｌable
Ｂ. suｂsequeｎｔwｈoppiｎgｆaｔalｉties spoｒadicaｌlｙｐri ｏr tｏprodｔurｎｅd up whim ｎaｉl crａsh
Taｓk ３ Translatiｏn
Ｂ．在感恩节的周末，24小时内发生了２起车祸,撞死3人,使得过去２周里斯普林菲尔德城市道路上死亡人数上升到６人。本年度还剩下最后１个月，在斯普林菲尔德至少有１7人死于车祸,其中包括上周在44号州际公路上撞死的来自芝加哥的一家三口。周日,斯普林菲尔德的一对夫妇，５8岁的乔恩．保尔和59岁的詹尼特.保尔在南格林斯顿大道的２4０0街区被车撞死.据警察讲述,上午1０点半左右, 乔恩.保尔南行的2００1现代胜菲擦边撞上了一辆同样往南开的1995年出产的克莱斯勒柔斯,司机是２7岁的查理.罗德,来自阿肯色州的山居。乔恩.保尔的车继续南行,撞在斯普林菲尔德国家公墓的砖墙上，又撞上了一根公用电线杆。斯普林菲尔德消防队把对夫妇从车里拉了出来，詹尼特.保尔杯当场宣布死亡，乔恩．保尔不省人事，被送到圣约翰地区医疗中心，之后也被宣布死亡。警察在调查现场时交通被关闭了４小时。
C.１．The stａtiｓtics shｏw that fａｔａｌtｒaffｉc ａｃcidents increaｓe by 15 percｅnt bｅｃause of the declｉneｏf ｔrafficｃitations．
2．The reseaｒｃhers poｉnt oｕt ｔhat the ｉｎnocｅｎtａre often mａde to pay the price ｆor tｈe caｒelessｎess ｏｆｄrivers.
3．Ｍany peoplｅliｎk trａｆficａcｃｉdents ｔo ｃｅll pｈｏne usaｇe，a ｌｃohol and sｐeeｄinｇviｏlａtions.
4. Ｗｉthin foｕr mｏｎths of recｅｉｖiｎg a tｒafｆic ticket，ａdrｉver’s
ｒisｋoｆbｅiｎｇｉnｖolved ｉn a crａsh wiｌl ｂe back ｕｐto where it wａs bｅｆｏｒe ｔhe ciｔａtion.
５. Besｉｄｅs enforcｉng hiｇhwaｙsａfety lａws,theｒe are ｌｏts of ｏtｈerｔｈings for the goｖernｍeｎt to spｅnd moｎｅｙｏn.
６.Thｏugｈmiｌlioｎs of ｐeｏｐｌｅdie ｉn trａffｉc accidents ｅｖerｙyear,wｅhａvｅcome to ａcｃepｔｉｔａs a wａy ｏf lifｅ．
７.Accordinｇto ｒelateｄreports, evｅrｙyｅａｒmilｌｉons of chｉldren ａround the wｏｒld are permanenｔｌy disabled in traｆfｉｃａccide ｎtｓ．
8. The two reseａrchers sｅt oｕt to see ｉf ｔhere is a ｃorrelation bｅtw ｅen ｔraffiｃｔiｃkets and trａffic aｃcideｎｔs．
9. Iｎa sepａrａｔe evenｔ，a trａffic copｗas hit ｂy a caｒａnd dｉed when wrｉting a traffiｃｔｉcｋet.
1０. Ａfterａbrief resｔ，everytｈiｎg iｓback toｂusiness ａs ｕsuａl.
Ｄ．Usｉnｇ a ｄｒiｖing siｍuｌatｏｒ, soｍe ＵS researcｈers stｕｄiｅd thｅdriving oｆ40 ｐeopｌe．Somｅof them ｄrｏve while taｌｋing on a cell phone, ｏtｈeｒｓｎaviｇated whｉlｅdrunk, aｎd others dｒove with no suｃh diｓｔraｃtionｓｏｒimpａirｍenｔｓ.Tｈe resｕlｔs shoｗｅd that tｈerｅwｅrｅthreｅａcciｄents in wｈicｈthe drivers wｅrｅtalkｉｎg on cell phoneｓ－--alｌof them ｉnvolving a ｒｅar-eｎding.The research ｈaｓfouｎd thaｔtｈｏse ｔａｌｋiｎｇoｎtheｐhone whｉｌｅdrivｉｎｇaｒe more ｓluｇｇｉsh．In additｉon, taｌking oｎtｈe phｏne can reｄuce ｒeacｔioｎｔiｍe by 9percentｉn teｒms of bｒａking aｎｄ19 peｒcent ｉｎtｅｒmsｏf piｃkｉngｕp spｅｅd after brakｉnｇ.
Unit４
Task 2 Ｖocａｂulａry Dｅveｌopmenｔ
A.HEJABCDIGF
B.DＤBABCBADA
Tａsk ３Ｔraｎslatｉoｎ
B.或许正是我们的男女社会观念加深了女人比男人话多这一模式化印象，甚至导致这些不同沟通方式的出现。如果一个女人真的在别人说话时插嘴，她或许会被认为是话多，或许会为此受到批评，因为我们的文化-－-还有其他许多文化--－如此教导女性：她们如果想要有女人味就必须文静。或许男性文化鼓励男孩和男人支配谈话并且更经常打断谈话,而且健谈和频繁打断话头的男性不会为此受到批评。研究性别对交流所产生的作用的专家们针对沟通模式和沟通风格方面的这些差异进行探究，以便了解在男女对话中为什么会产生误解。误解的产生常常是因为他们的对话风格和方式存在极大的差异。为了能学会更好地和异性交流，我们有必要认识这些差异。
C． 1. Sｉｎｃe women ofteｎthinｋiｎteｒｍs of cloｓeness anｄsupport,
they ｓtｒuggle ｔo preserｖｅintimaｃy.
2. Ｄoｎ’t let her maｋｅmischｉef beｔｗeeｎyou －sｈe ｉs onｌy jeａlous.
3. Ｓeｘual ｈａrａｓｓment isａn issue thatｆｒeｑuentlｙａｒiｓeｓiｎtｈe Ｕ.Ｓ. aｎｄｔhat mａy strikｅyou ａｓpecｕliａr, in paｒt bｅｃａuse yｏur countｒy maｙnot ｈａve similaｒｌａwｓ．
4.Theｒe is a considerａble mｅasure oｆoppｏsitｉon bothｌoｃallyａｎd iｎthe media aｇａinst ｔhe goverｎｍent’s pｌan to builｄaｎｏtｈer nucleaｒｐower plant. Ｂut the govｅrnmenｔwｉll geｔitｓｗay in the en ｄ．
5. Tｈe ＤiｖorｃｅＬaw RｅfoｒmＵｎiｏｎｗａｓｆounｄeｄbｙ a small group ofｐｒominent Bｒｉtish male leａders who ｓｅｔabout effec ｔｉnｇＤｏｙle’s ｒefｏrm pｌans．
6. In theｅarｌｙmorｎｉng of Aｐｒil 15, 1９12, the Tiｔanｉc,the wo ｒld’ｓｌargeｓt ocean lｉｎeｒaｔｔｈe time, saｎk after strｉkｉng a ｎiceberｇ.Laｔｅｒinvｅstｉgationｔｕｒned up at ｌeast20 cases of peｏｐle haｖing preｍｏｎitiｏｎｓof the disasｔer.
7. Endinｇa sｐeechｉs thｅmosｔｄifficult pａrt for many speakｅrｓ.
A conｃlusion wｉth approprｉate mｏod anｄconｔent rｅｑuires ａｄｅlicate ｔouｃｈ.
8.Ｔhe sｔudｙthat Elｌen quotes aｓｈer scｉeｎｔiｆiｃbａｓis for men’s aveｒsiｏｎto smａrt ｗomｅn iｓbasｅd on a stuｄｙby psychｏlogy resｅarcｈers aｔthe Ｕniｖｅrｓity of Miｃhigan.
９.Whｅn you cｏmmｕｎｉｃatｅ, keep in miｎd that eveｎthough Eｎｇlish isｃoｎsidered the inｔeｒnatｉonal language ofｂｕｓineｓｓ，it is a mｉｓtake to aｓsume ｔhat eｖerｙbusinesspｅrｓon speaks ｇooｄEnｇliｓ
h.
10. Ｇｒanｔed, ｆutｕre domestic ｒobots ｃaｎheｌp relｉｅｖe houｓewiｖes frｏm heavy rouｔine ｈouseｈｏlｄchoｒes. Bｕt ｍoat ｆamｉlies caｎnot ａffoｒd such aｍachiｎe ｅven iｆiｔiｓavailａｂle.
D.Ｉｎher ｂest-ｓelling book ＹoｕＪｕst Don’t Undeｒstand，DeｂoraｈＴａnnen poiｎts out thａt, ａlthough Ameｒican boｙs anｄgｉｒlｓｏftｅn pｌay togｅther, ｔhey spend mosｔof theｉｒｔｉmｅｐｌayｉnｇiｎsａmｅ-ｓｅx ｇroupｓ. She aｌsｏpoｉｎtｓｏｕｔtｈat ｂoyｓand girｌs do play same gaｍｅｓｔoｇetｈer, bｕt tｈeir faｖoｒiｔe gameｓａｒe very ｏftｅn qｕite different. Tannｅn and other reseａrcherｓon ｔhis topｉｃhavｅｆｏund thａt yｏung boys,ｓａy aｇｅｓ８tｈouｇｈ１2, ｔend ｔo plaｙoutside thｅhｏuse rａther than in ｔhe hoｕse, ａnd theｙpl ａｙin laｒge gｒoｕpsｔhat are ｈierａrchiｃａlｌy stｒｕｃｔuｒed. A grouｐof bｏyｓｇenerallｙhas ａlｅader ｗho teｌlｓthe oｔher bｏyｓwhat to do ａnd how to do ｉt．It ｉs by giviｎｇoｒdeｒs ａｎd ma ｋｉnｇthｅotｈer boｙs play ｂｙtｈe rulｅｓｔｈaｔbｏys acｈievｅｈigher oｒmore ｄomｉｎａnt ｓtaｔus in their pｌay grouｐs.
Wriｔiｎｇ Practiｃe
Ｔａsk 1
Thiｓｔablｅfeatures ｔhe rｅｌaｔiｏnｓhiｐbｅtween ｌearnｉng aｎd earｎｉｎg as well as ｓaｌaｒｙdiｆfｅreｎces betｗeen men aｎd womｅｎｂeｌongｉｎg to thｅfouｒｃatｅgｏrieｓlisted iｎthe table．Fi ｒｓt，ｆor ｗomen who haｖe ａｈigh scｈool diplｏma, thｅｉr average ｉncｏme is$１8，6４8 ａyeaｒwhilｅmｅn with the saｍe leａrninｇeａrｎ$26,7６6 a year. Next, ｗoｍen who gｒaｄuate wiｔｈan asｓｏciate ｄeｇrｅｅｅａrｎ＄24,８49 a yeａｒon ａvｅrage ｗhile mｅn ｗｉth ｔｈe sａme ｄegree eaｒn $32,349 a yｅar. Then, ｗomenｗith ａbac ｈelor’s degreｅeaｒn $２９，２84ａyear ａnd men witｈ a ｂachelor’s degrｅe earn$40,38１a ｙear. Lａsｔ, women ｗith ａmastｅr’s ｄｅｇree ｅarn $35,０１８a year while mｅｎｗith theｓaｍe deｇｒee earn mｏrｅ：$4７,260 ａyｅarｏn averａｇｅ.As we can see here,the ｍore oｎe ｌｅarns, thｅmoｒｅone ｅａrns. And tｈiｓaｃcounｔｓfor the fact ｔｈaｔsｔｕｄenｔs alｌovｅｒthe world arｅworｋiｎgｈａr ｄfor hｉgher deｇrｅes．Aｎother fａcｔthat canｎot be ｉｇnoreｄiｓsex dｉscriminatiｏｎiｎｐay.Ｗiｔh ｔｈeｓａme edｕｃatｉonal bacｋｇｒound, womeｎare eaｒning 3０% ｌｅss ｔｈan men on aveｒage，wｈｉｃｈiｓ a ｄiｓcouｒａｇｉng stａtistic．
Task 2
Ｔhis ｂaｒgraｐｈｓｈｏws hoｗｆreｑuentｌy peｏpｌe use their cｅllul ａr phonｅs to communｉcatｅｗith otheｒs. Eachｂaｒreｐｒeｓeｎts a p ａrtｉculａr grｏuｐｏf people witｈwhｏm ｃellｕlaｒphｏne users cｏｍmunｉcate．Ｓｔartinｇfroｍtｈｅfiｒst bar oｎthｅｌeft，ｗe see that 73% of celｌular ｐhone users uｓe theiｒmobｉｌe phｏｎe tｏcom ｍuｎｉcａte witｈfrienｄs oｒfamilｙ.Theｎ, ｍｏｖｉngｔo theｒｉｇht, we see48% of cellularｐhone ｕseｒs ｕｓe their phone to cｏmmu ｎicaｔe ｗitｈtheｉr co－worｋers, ３9%ｗｉth otｈｅr busｉneｓs associa ｔeｓ, 31％with ｃuｓtomers aｎd 11%with otｈers．As we caｎｓee, ｔhe celｌｕlar phone iｓmosｔfrｅqｕentｌy useｄbyｐｅoｐlｅas ａmeans of conveyｉng peｒsｏｎal oｒｐrivate ｍｅssａges. As a ｃomｍunicat ｉon tool, the ceｌlｕlaｒpｈoneｉs mucｈｓaｆer ａnd conveniｅｎt com ｐared with tｈe desk telephone.It can be used almost ａnytime aｎd ａnywhere. Ａnｄwith ｉtｓrｅdｕceｄsellingｐrices aｎd ｃｏst, the cell ｕlａr phｏne wｉll bｅcome ｍｏre anｄｍore popｕlar.
Taｓk 3
Ｔｈis is a pｉe ｃhart shoｗing how on-the-job commｕnicaｔion tiｍe ｉs spenｔ. As we ｃan sｅe, 5５% ｏf ｐeople’sｏn-the-job communiｃａtion time ｉs spｅnt on ｌiｓtenｉnｇ, 13.3％oｎｒeading, ８.4% oｎwriｔｉng aｎｄ2３% oｎｓｐeａking.Ｗe can easily see the impｏrtanｃｅof ｌistenｉｎg skills in ｔhe workpｌaｃe as ｐeoｐle ｓpｅnd mｏre thａｎhal ｆof thｅirｔｏtａl on-tｈe-ｊob communｉｃatioｎｔiｍe lｉｓｔenｉ
ｎg to otheｒpeｏｐｌe taｌkiｎg.Ｔheｙhaveｔo use ｔｈｅir listenin ｇskilｌs effectiveｌy wｈilｅthey areａt meeｔinｇ,haｖｉng discuｓsｉons, on the phone，oｒtaｋinｇinstructiｏｎs. The seconｄmost impｏrtaｎt coｍｍuｎication skiｌl iｓspeａkinｇ. Ｐeople aｔwork often have ｔo talk ｔo oｔheｒs. For example, tｈey hａｖe to talｋto tｈｅｉr boss, suｐervｉsors, ｃｏｌｌeａｇues aｎd cｕsｔoｍers. Ｒｅading and writiｎg skiｌlｓarｅalsｏiｍportanｔ．In ordｅr ｔo keepｐace wｉth the lａtｅst devｅｌｏｐmｅntｓaｎｄｕp－tｏ-dａte informaｔｉon iｎone’s fielｄ,ｏne has to read eｘtｅnsivｅly：books, joｕｒnalｓ,maｇａzｉneｓ，nｅｗsｐaｐeｒs ａnd inｆormation ｏｎthe Iｎterｎｅt. Ｗritｉｎｇｉs imporｔantａt ｗork as ｗelｌ. Joｂｓinvolving research paｐｅｒs，ｍeｍos, ｒｅporｔs,ｅｔc. ａlｌrequire effｅctｉｖeｗｒitｉng skills. In fact, whａtever kｉｎd of j ｏb one has，one ｎeeds to be goｏd aｔthesｅfoｕrｂａｓｉc cｏｍm ｕniｃaｔｉon sｋｉlls.
Tasｋ4
Tｈis iｓ a line graph ｓhoｗｉng the numｂeｒof childrｅn aged １2 and undeｒwho were diagnoｓed with HIV and ｄiｅd of AＩDS from 198５to １９9５.
As weｃan seｅ,durｉｎg ａtｅn－ｙeａｒpｅｒioｄof ｔｉme, ｔｈｅnumbeｒof HIV-infecｔed cｈilｄren ｒｏsｅfｒom ２50 ｉn 198５to6，7０0 ｉｎ１995.Iｎotheｒwoｒds,thｅnumｂｅｒoｆＨIV-i ｎｆｅcted chilｄren under１2 ｉｎcｒeａｓed ｂy almost 3,000%, ｏr ｎｅａｒlｙ３0 times oｖeｒａten-yeａr periｏdｏf tiｍｅanｄduring th ｅsame ｐeriod of tiｍe 3,811chilｄren dieｄof Aiｄｓ.Thｉｓis a h ｅartbrｅaｋiｎｇｆaｃt, ａnd in the maｊｏｒitｙofｃases cｈildren ac ｑｕire HIV from their ｉnfected mｏｔherｄｕrｉng ｐrｅｇnanｃｙ,lａb ｏur, dｅｌivery oｒ，after birtｈ, thrｏｕgh breastfｅedｉng. Also，a ｓmall ｎｕｍｂeｒｏｆｃhildreｎａcｑuiｒe HIVｉnfectｉon ａs ａrｅsuｌt ｏf rｅceiｖing uｎscrｅened iｎfecteｄblｏod oｒblｏoｄprｏduｃｔs.
Ｔｈereｆｏre, the moｓtｅfｆeｃtivｅway ｔo ｒeduce tｈe nｕmber of chi ｌdreｎwho bｅｃome iｎfecｔed ｗiｔh HIV ｉs to pｒevent HＩV infectｉon in pａrｅnts-ｔo-be. Thｉｓｒequｉrｅs sｔｒｅngthenｉng oｆfamily－plaｎninｇserｖice. Oｆcourｓe,healtｈedｕcation iｓalso vｅrｙiｍportant. Pｅoplｅneed to know that childreｎｃan bｅｃomｅinfeｃted wｉth HIV. Atｔhe ｓａｍｅtimｅｍore ｃare anｄsｕppｏrt shｏｕｌｄｂe givｅn to thｅHIＶ-inｆected childrｅn sｏtｈat they ｃanｌiｖｅa longｅr and bｅtter lifｅ．
Uniｔ5
Ｔａsk 2 Ｖocabulaｒy Dｅvelｏｐment
Ｂenacted impleｍenｔintractａbｌe ｉｍpａct fragiｌe paｙoｆfs prｏsecuｔed accountａｂle ｃoｍpliance ｐｅtｔｙ
Ｔask 3 Translatｉｏn
B．当前是一个信息即时交流的时代,要想掩盖恶行越来越难，因为眼下私人侦
探、走漏政府内部信息的人、愤愤不平的竞争对手以及那些刨根问底的记者们都会把那些贪污腐败的官员和奸商暴露出来。由于腐化堕落会断送事业前程，所以曝光是一种重要的威慑力量。仅去年一年，被丑闻拉下台的就有乌克兰总理、南非副总统、巴西执政党领袖、肯尼亚政府的几名地位显赫的部长以及美国众议院多数党领袖。但是要确保腐败丑闻不会像色情电视剧那样重复上演,就必须进行系统的变革。领导层的变革在诸如世界银行、经济合作与发展组织、联合国、透明国际以及国际商会等重点机构已经展开或者即将展开。改革后的新领导班子应该与非政府组织以及其他重要机构（如出口信贷机构、国际执法部门等)领导人携手合作，以便制定全面的反腐战略,就近期和中期行动达成共识。
C．1.Acｉd ｒａin poisoｎｓfiｓｈ, destrｏys ｆoreｓt, ａnd corrodes bui ｌdingｓ.
2. We ｓｈoｕlｄnoｔjｕsｔpay lｉｐsｅｒvice tｏenvironmental pro ｔectioｎ; we muｓｔact.
３．Invesｔiｇａtioｎｓhoweｄtｈat some petty ｂureａｕｃrats haｄalso beｅn iｎvolveｄiｎthis “pｏwｅr ｆor mｏnｅy eｘcｈａnge”．
４．Wｅｍｕst reinfｏrce tｈｅmｏmentum of the aｎticorｒuption driｖe aｎd sｈoｗno mｅrcy to the corｒupｔoｆfｉcｉalｓ.
5．Thｅgovｅｒnｍeｎt’s traｎsｐorｔatiｏn agｅｎｃｉeｓmuｓｔexecｕte tｈｅlａw stricｔly aｎｄenforce seｖere ｐeｎaｌtieｓfor dｒunken dr ｉvｅrs．
６．December 9 ｉs deｓignａtedｂy the UＮaｓInternatiｏnaｌAｎticｏrruｐtion Ｄay, whｉch pｒovides ａunique opporｔｕnitｙtｏenhancｅｐｕbｌic awarｅnｅss and commiｔｍent to cｏｍbating gｒaft ａｎｄcurbiｎg coｒruption.
7．Ｔhe Ｕｎiｔｅd Nａtionｓｈas nｅwｌy prｏmuｌｇaｔed ｔhe ＵN An ｔiｃorruｐtioｎCｏnvｅntion, reｑuｉｒing that the sｉgned member nａｔions enact laws prohibitｉng bｒibｅｒy anｄextoｒtｉｏn.
8. Thｅtrｕe impact oｆcorruption is ｎow wｉdeｌｙackｎowledｇeｄ: corruｐtioｎdistortｓmarkets and ｃｏmpetｉtioｎ,breeds ｃyｎicism amo ｎg cｉｔiｚens,underｍinｅｓｔｈe rｕｌe of ｌａｗ, dａmages gｏｖeｒnment legｉtｉmaｃｙ, and ｃorroｄes tｈｅｉnteｇｒityｏf the priｖａte sector.
9．Ｄｅｖeｌｏped natiｏns muｓt be willing ｔｏinｖeｓｔiｇaｔｅand ｐｒｏｓｅcute their muｌtiｎａｔｉｏnａl corpｏraｔｉoｎｓwhen they engage in brｉbeｒy abｒoad, even in the fａce of iｎtｅnse gｌobe ｃomｐeｔitioｎ.
10．Bi Yｕxi, thｅｆｏrmer vicｅ-director of Beijｉng Muniｃipal Burｅauｏf Coｍmunｉcatiｏns was senteｎcｅd tｏdeath yestｅrdaｙfor ａcｃeptｉng brｉbes and eｍbezzlｉｎg staｔｅ-ownｅd asｓetｓwiｔh a two-yｅaｒrepriｅｖｅａｔthe Beijiｎg FirsｔＩｎｔernatｉonal Peoplｅ’s Coｕrt. Ａccording tｏthe rｕling/juｄgment, ｈe waｓdeprｉved oｆhisｐｏｌitical riｇhｔs for liｆｅanｄall his pｅrsｏnａlｐroｐeｒty will be ｃｏnfiscateｄ．