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机械工程专业英语

机械工程专业英语
机械工程专业英语

机械工程专业英语

课程负责人:

课程中文名称:专业英语

课程英文名称:English for Mechanical Engineering

课程类别:选修

课程学分数:2

课程学时数:32

授课对象:机械电子工程专业本科生

本课程的前导课程:公共英语,机械专业的相关课程

考核方式:平时成绩+期末考试

使用教材:《机械工程专业英语教程》施平主编(第3版)电子工业大学出版社

教学要求及目的:

了解专业英语的语法特点,熟悉专业词汇,逐步培养学生具有比较熟练的专业文献阅读理解能力、翻译能力和英文学术论文的写作能力。

教学方式:

课堂讲授、讨论与自学相结合。以教师讲授为主,引导学生积极阅读指定参考文献,完成课外作业,参与课堂讨论。有意识地积累与自己研究方向相关的词汇与文献资料,掌握专业英语学习方法。

具体教学目标:

●掌握机械工程专业方面的专业名词、专业术语

rolling contact bearing, 滚动接触轴承journal bearing, 径向轴承resonance 共振

upright drilling machine 立式钻床radial ['re?d??l]drill 摇臂钻床shaper 牛头钻床

●掌握习惯表达方式

machine design,

kinematics [,k?n?'m?t?ks] 运动学,动力学dynamic 动态

slider-crank mechanism ['mek(?)n?z(?)m] 滑动曲柄机构,

assembly drawing 装配图detailed [d?'teld]drawing 明细图engineering drawing 工程图

degree-of-freedom (DOF) 自由度

a four-bar mechanism 四连杆机构vibration mechanism 振动机构

CAD Computer - Aided Design, CAM computer-aided manufacturing

CAE Computer Aided Engineering

●掌握基本的专业文献阅读能力与翻译能力

●掌握基本的写作能力

●培养基本的专业文献资料检索能力

●了解机械工程方面的国内外动向, 并熟悉与机械工程专业相关的其他学科与

知识

Lesson 1 Translation Skill of Subject-Based English

ESP(专门用途英语即专业英语)

——English For Specific [sp?'s?f?k] Purposes

EST(科技英语)

——English for Science and Technology

EBE(商业经济英语)

——English for Business and Economics

ESS(社会科学英语)

——English for Social Science

EAP(学术英语)

——English for Academic Purposes

EOP(职业英语)

——English for Occupational Purposes

ESP的语法特点:

●名词化

●被动语态

(1)名词化:

The rocket has been developed. For this reason, man can enter space.

The development of the rocket makes it possible for man to enter space.

随着火箭技术的进步,人类进入太空成为可能。

If we know the forces on the gear, we can determine its size.

Knowledge of the forces on the gear makes possible the determination of its size.

(2)被动语态

Gears must be properly lubricated ['lu:brikeitid]

The laws of motion will be discussed [d?'sk?s] in the next article.

Heat and light are given off in some chemical reaction.

The three factors are interdependent, for each influences ['?nflu?ns]is influenced by the actions and reactions of the others.

这三个因素相互依赖,因为它们之间的作用和反作用都是相互影响的。

第一讲:单词

翻译单词的两个层次:准确,文采(润色)

单词是构成句子的基本要素之一,因此单词的翻译直接关系到句子的翻译。限于课时,我们只介绍:

一、词的搭配

1、动词与名词的搭配

以动词“Move”为例,其基本意思是“运动”,但在不同的句子里与不同的名词搭配,译法则也不同。

(1)The earth moves round the sun.

地球绕太阳旋转。

(2)Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.

热量从温度较高的物体传到温度较低的物体上。

(3)Move Mike to other work.

调Mike去做别的工作。

(4)The work moves slowly.

工作进展很慢。

2、副词与动词的搭配

以副词“successfully”为例。

(1)Spot-welding has already been used successfully in welding fuel tanks.

点焊已经成功地用来焊接油箱。

(2)The task was finished successfully.

圆满地完成了任务。

(3)Our production plan has been successfully carried out.

我们的生产计划已顺利执行了。

3、形容词与名词的搭配

以形容词“thick[θ?k]”为例。

(1)The book is 8 inches thick.

这本书有8英寸厚。

(2)He drew a thick line on the paper.

他在纸上画了一条粗线。

(3)Thick liquids pour much slowly than thin liquids.

粘稠的液体比稀薄的液体流动慢得多。

(4)The conditions are too thick.

条件太过分了(太多了)。

二、词义转译

1、英语动词、形容词、副词译成汉语名词。

(1)Gases differ from solids in that the former has greater compressibility than the latter.

气体和固体的区别在于气体的可压缩性比固体大。

(2)The cutting tools must be strong, tough, hard and wear resistant.

刀具必须有足够的强度、韧性、硬度,而且耐磨。

2、英语名词、介词、形容词、副词译成汉语动词。

(1)The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity.

使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。

(2)Scientists are confident ['kɑnf?d?nt]that all matter is indestructible. [,?nd?'str?kt?bl] 不可毁灭的

科学家们深信一切物质是不灭的。

(3)Open the valve to let air in.

打开阀门,让空气进入。

三、词的增译

1、增加英语中省略的词。

(1)Traditionally, [tr?'d???n?li]chemistry has evolved onto four provinces: organic, [?r'g?n?k] inorganic, physical ['f?z?kl] and analytical [,?n?'l?t?kl] chemistry.

按传统说话,化学已逐渐发展成了四大分支:有机化学、无机化学、物理化学和分析化学。

(2)Electricity became useful only after the nineteenth century.

19世纪以后,电才成为有用的东西。

2、增加表示名词复数的词。

(1)The first electronic computer used vacuum tubes and other components and made equipment very large and bulky.

第一代电子计算机使用电子管和其他元件,这使设备又大又笨。

(2)Ground radar sets can “see”enemy planes at great distance through darkness or clouds, and can direct antiaircraft(防空的)fire at them.

地面雷达装置可以透过夜幕或云层,“看到”遥远的敌机群,并指示高射兵器向它们开火。

3、增加某些被动语态或动名词中没有具体指出的动作执行者或暗含的逻辑主语。(1)The material is said to behave elastically. [?'l?st?kli]

我们说,这种材料具有弹性。

(2)To explore [?k'spl?r]the moon's surface, rockets were launched [l?nt?] again and again.

为了探测月球的表面,人们一次又一次地发射火箭。

4、在形容词前加名词

( 1 ) According to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, action and reaction are equal and opposite. [?ɑp?z?t]

根据牛顿运动第三定律,作用力和反作用力是大小相等方向相反的。

( 2 ) The washing machine of this type is indeed cheap and fine.

这种类型的洗衣机真是价廉物美。

5、增加表示数量意义的概括性的词,以起修饰润色的作用

( 1 ) A designer must have a good foundation in statics, kinematics, dynamics and strength of materials. [m?'t?r??l]

一个设计人员必须在静力学、运动学、动力学和材料学这四个方面有很好的基础。( 2 ) The frequency ['frikw?nsi], wave length [l??θ] and speed of sound [sa?nd] are closely related. [r?'let?d]

声音的频率、波长与速度三者密切相关。

第二讲:长难句的处理

为了表述一个复杂概念,使之逻辑严密,结构紧凑,科技文章中往往出现许多长句。

要译好英语中的长难句,首先必须理清原文的结构,抓住全文的中心内容,弄清句子各层次之间的逻辑关系,然后用流畅、简洁的汉语准确地译出原文的意思,不必拘泥于原文的形式。

1、顺译法

Like the kick(反冲)of a gun when it is fired, it follows the laws of nature described [d?'skra?bd] by Sir Newton when he discovered that “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

正象打枪时的后坐力一样,它符合牛顿爵士所发现的并加以描述的自然规律:“对每个作用力来说,都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用力。

2、倒译法

This is why the hot water system in a furnace ['f?n?s] will operate without the use of a water pump, if the pipes are arranged [?'rend?d]so that the hottest water rises while the coldest water runs down again to the furnace.

如果把管子装成能让最热的水上升,而最冷的水流下来回到锅炉去,那么锅炉中的热水系统不用水泵就能运转,其道理就在于此。

3、切断法

(1)Halley’s Comet ['kɑm?t] is the most famous of all periodical comets, which move around the sun and reappear in our skies at known intervals.

哈雷彗星是所有周期性彗星中最著名的一颗。这些彗星绕太阳运行并按照已知的间隔重复出现在我们的上空。

(2)The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 万有引力定律陈述道,宇宙中每种物质的粒子都有一种力量吸引其他各种物质的粒子。这种力量跟物质粒子质量的乘积成正比,跟它们之间的距离的平方成反比。

第三讲专业术语的翻译

专业术语是指自然科学和社会科学领域里的专业性名词。

1、意译(根据意思进行翻译)

专业术语应尽量采用意译,这便于读者直接理解术语的确切含义。如:operating system 操作系统multimedia 多媒体

NC(Numerical [nju?'mer?k(?)l] Control)数控semiconductor 半导体radio active isotopes 放射性同位素guided missile 导弹

holograph ['h?l?grɑ?f]全息摄影damping resistance 阻尼,阻力

2、音译(根据发音翻译)

有些科技术语有时采用意译不方便,常常采用音译法或部分音译法。(1)有些术语或新词是由几个词的第一个字母组合而来的,若用意译则译名太长,这时可采用音译。

radio detection and ranging( radar) 无线电探测及测距设备雷达

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser)

受激辐射式光频放大器镭射

(2)计量单位名称一般用音译。有些还可以进一步简化。

赫兹(频率)赫牛顿(力、重量)牛pascal ['p?skl]帕斯卡(压力、强度)帕瓦特(功率)瓦伏特(电压、电位、电动势)伏欧姆(电阻)欧celsiuss摄氏度(温度)度勒克司(光照度)勒 ['k?l?ri]卡路里(热量)卡比特(二进制信息单位)(3)各种新材料名称一般用音译。如:

凡士林(石油冻)

赛璐珞(硝纤假象牙)

吗啡(C17H19O3N)

罗赛特(电木塑料)

克罗利特(陶瓷绝缘材料)

海波尼克(高导磁率磁性合金)

阴丹士林(C28H14N2O4)

尼龙(酰胺纤维)

(4)有些科学术语随着历史的发展已为人们熟悉或掌握,往往又由音译转为意译,或音译与意译兼用。如:

马达,电动机摩登的,现代的

['ma?kr?'fon]麦克风,扩音器engine ['end??n]引擎,发动机 ['v?t?m?n; 'va?t-]维他命,维生素penicillin [pen?'s?l?n]盘尼西林,青霉素

3、形译

英语原文用字母等表示事物的外形时,翻译时也按事物外形用各种方法表示。如:

T-square 丁字尺I-steel 工字钢cross-road 十字路口crossheading 十字节,联轴节herringbone gear 人字齿轮

A-frame A形架V-slot V形槽O-ring O形环

Y-connection Y形连接(星形连接)zigzag wave 锯齿形波

U-shaped magnet 马蹄形磁铁V-belt 三角皮带

cabinet file 半圆锉twist drill 麻花钻X-ray X射线

Exercises

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

机械工程专业英语

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机械专业英语复试词汇总结

机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical

机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮

机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

Gear Materials (Reading Material) 齿轮材料(阅读材料) Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic. 齿轮由多种种类的材料制造,包括金属材料和非金属材料。 As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance. 在设计中可以使用多种材料的情况下,对于特定齿轮,应当做到选用满足使用要求下的最便宜的材料。Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand. 在作出选择前,设计师必须决定在众多设计准则中哪个是当前最重要的。 If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron. 如果高强度是第一要考虑的因素,通常就选择钢材而不选择铸铁。 If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise reduction, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones. 如果耐磨性是最重要的因素,可以选用非金属材料要比金属材料更好,同时也可以解决降低噪声的问题。However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise. 然而,在大部分实际设计问题中,对材料的最终决定往往是一个折衷的方案。 In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area. 换句话说,材料的选择要考虑到合理的达到所有的预定要求,尽管这样就不能在其中任何一方面达到最好。To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications. 为了总结这次讨论,我们将按照通常的分类来考虑多种金属和非金属齿轮材料所具有的特性。 Cast Irons 铸铁 Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials. 铸铁是最常用的齿轮材料之一。 Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice. 它具有低成本,铸造性好,机械加工性能好,高耐磨性,以及高减噪性的特点,这些特点使铸铁成为一个合适的选择对象。 The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth. 铸铁主要的缺点是,作为一种齿轮材料,铸铁的抗拉强度很低,这使得轮齿的抗弯强度很弱而且不能造出很大的轮齿。 Another type of cast iron is nodular iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added. 另一种类型的铸铁是球墨铸铁,是在普通铸铁中加入了镁或者铈制成的。 The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron. 这种合金的特点是既具有高的抗拉强度,又保持了普通铸铁的高耐磨性和优秀的机械加工性能。 V ery often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost,

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