大学英语精读第三版第二册U10教案

UNIT 10 Profits Of Praise

Teaching Time: 8 hours

Students’level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.

Teaching Objectives:

1.To shed new light on the positive effect of praise that not only brings joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, adds happiness into our own.

1)To remember that “praise produces far better results than criticism”;

2)To get rid of the habit of being "ready to criticize but reluctant to praise";

3)To develop the habit of being alert to the small excellencies around us".

2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.

Words: alert, apply, appreciate, comment, constructive, convey, critical, criticize, discourage, dozen，drown，earn, load, reluctant, routine，scold, somehow, profit, quit

Phrases & Expressions: make out, only too, no much of a, fish out, shrug off, pass on, live on

Grammar: instead of, it is that...

3. About reading, Ss review the skills of reading.

4. About writing, Ss review the skills of paragraph developing.

5. About listening, Ss finish Unit 10 directed by the teacher.

Teaching Procedures:

I.Pre-reading Activities

1.Background information:

tip, behavior and behavioral science

2.Introductory remarks:

Which do we benefit more from, praise or criticism? What profits does praise bring? What kind of people need praise most and why? The author of this article used her own experience to answer these questions.

3.Warm-up questions

(1) Do you like to hear praise? Why or why not?

(2) What profits can praise bring?

---Pleasure, encouragement, confidence, strength, favor, etc

(3) What can be regarded as praise?

---Favorable remarks, compliments, pleasing comments, supportive opinions, appreciative gestures, pat on the back, etc.

4.Key words and expressions:

1) profit:

a) n. advantage or good obtained from sth.; money gained in business Example:

Unlike nonprofit organizations, we do everything for a profit.

b) vt. be of advantage to Example:

The new bus route profits those who do not have cars.

c) vi. he benefited or helped Example:

1 profited a lot from the trip abroad.

2)load:

a)v. put a full amount of things on or in sth. Example:

The father loaded the family into their old tuck and drove west.

b)n. that which is to be carried or supported Example:

Your arrival took a load off my mind.

3)only too:

very Example:

If you invite him，he will be only too glad to attend

4)not much of a :

a) not noteworthy; having poor quality; not a good

E.g. He's not much of a linguist / artist.

b) < related phrases> much of: deserving note; something of; to some extent; in some sense

E.g. He is much of an officer.

He's something of a liar, don't you think?

5)flatter:

give an often exaggerated feeling of pleasure to; praise insincerely Example:

He was flattered into believing that he was really exceptional.

6)appreciate:

understand and enjoy; he thankful for Example:

It was such a wonderful play I really appreciated it.

7)routine:

a) (adj.) that is done as a normal part of one's job

E.g. A routine medical checkup is advisable at least once a year.

b) (adj.) uninteresting because it is so often done; dull

E.g. This work is too routine for my taste.

c) (n.) a regular way of doing things

E.g. I like doing things according to the routine, but he likes breaking the routine.

His daily routine begins with checking E-mail messages.

8)constructive:

helping Example:

The Advisory Group offered some constructive advice.

9)favorably:

with approval Example:

The young artist was looked on favorably as a rising star.

10)criticize:

a)find fault with Example:

Why are you always criticizing me?

b)form and give a judgment of; to assess the merits and demerits of Example:

The Sunday newspaper devotes a page to criticizing new books, films, and plays.

11)ignore:

not to take notice of; pay no attention to Example:

The waitress learned to ignore rude remarks from guests.

12)exhaust :

v. a) tire out

E.g. The baby soon exhausted itself by crawling all over the floor and fell asleep.

b) use up

E.g. You should not stay too long at your friend's; otherwise you will exhaust your welcome.

c) (n.) outlet' in an engine or machine, for steam, vapor, etc.

E.g. The young man committed suicide by breathing in car exhaust.

13) weary :

adj. a) (of a person) tired; (of) having lost interest in

E.g. He sat down at the table with a weary look on his face.

b) (of a thing) tiring

E.g. He gave a weary talk on this subject.

14) apply

a) (vt.) put (sth) into operating; use

E.g. He knows the rule but doesn't know how to apply it.

b) (vi.) ask officially for

E.g. We have applied to the bank for a loan.

c) apply for

E.g. This rule does not apply for the present case.

15) pat

a) (n.) tap with the open hand

E.g. The little boy wiped the blackboard because he wanted a pat on the back from his teacher.

b) ( v.) tap gently with the open hand or with sth. flat

E.g. She patted the seat next to her for him to sit down.

16) graceful :

adj. a) showing a sense of what is correct or decent esp in a difficult situation

E.g. His apology was so graceful that we forgave him.

b) showing beauty of form or movement

E.g. His figure was slender and graceful.

c) grace : elegance or beauty

E.g. She is famous for her conversational grace.

17) embarrass :

vt. a) make (sb.) feel shy, ashamed or awkward

E.g. It embarrasses many people to walk into a room full of strangers. b)

E.g. The girl thinks it is embarrassing to make speeches in public.

The boy felt embarrassed when caught cheating on the test.

18)convey :

v. a) make (ideas, views, feelings, etc) known to another person

E.g. What does the painter want to convey through the painting?

b) take; carry

E.g. A wire conveys an electric current.

19) comment

a) (n.) opinion, explanation or judgement written or spoken about an event, book, person, state of affairs, etc.

E.g. The famous critic made no comment upon her performance in his column next day.

b) (v.) give opinion, explanation or judgment

E.g. The State Department spokesman refused to comment on the recent political situation in East Europe.

20) drown :

v. a) cover completely with water

E.g. She turned around and I found myself looking at a face drowned in tears.

b) (cause to) die in water because unable to breathe

E.g. The peasant drowned the newborn baby because he was too poor to raise it.

21) make out

a) write out; fill out

E.g. The teacher makes out a list of English books for the students to read outside class.

b) see or understand with difficulty

E.g. I can't make out the words on the blackboard.

22) fish out :

pull sth out after searching or with some difficulty

E.g. She fished out a bunch of keys from her handbag.

23) pat (sb.) on the back :

congratulate a person; give a person an encouragement or praise

E.g. When he won the first place in the high jump, everyone patted him on the back.

24) shrug off :

treat (sth.) as unimportant; dismiss with a shrug

E.g. The naughty boy shrugged off the criticism of his teacher.

25) pass on :

give to sb. else

E.g. When he had finished reading the book, he passed it on to Mrs. Brown.

26) live on :

depend on for support

E.g. People on the coast live on fish.

5. Synonym Discrimination

previous former: adj.

previous: coming earlier in time or order

former: of an earlier period

E.g. He did better in the previous lessons.

In former time, coal was a common fuel for cooking.

Ⅱ. While-reading Activities

1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)

2.T explains the text in detail.

Lines 1--11

1. Questions for Discussion

(1) How much do you know about a waitress's job in a restaurant?

---She takes orders, serves food and makes out bills or checks. She attends to the customers, walking between the tables and the kitchen and standing beside the tables for a whole shift, i.e. several hours of working without sitting or breaks.

(2) How was the restaurant's business?

---It was busy because it kept the waitresses busy.

(3) What does the author mean by "a complicated check"?

---The customers orders several different dishes and also changed their orders, and she kept having to re-total the bill.

(4) What more do you know about a waitress's job from this paragraph? ---She must carry heavily loaded trays, her feet ache, and she has to be patient and deal with difficult customers.

(5) What made her cheer up?

---The tip and the praise from the customer.

Lines 12--21

1. Language Points

And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind or criticism...

a) yet : but; nevertheless; however

E.g. I offered him still more, and yet he wasn't satisfied.

b) while : although

E.g. While I like the color of the cat, I don't like the shape.

c) only too... to do : very... to do

E.g. He is only too anxious to leave.

d) apply... to

E.g. Seek truth through facts and apply knowledge to social practice.

2. Questions for Discussion

(1) Why is praise compared to sunlight? How do you feel in the sunlight? ---All lives grow and develop in nice sunlight > In the sunshine, we feel

warm and comfortable.

(2) Why is critical compared to cold wind? How do you feel in the cold wind?

---In the cold wind, we feel cold and uncomfortable.

(3) Why do you think people are ready to criticize others but reluctant to praise?

(4) Give example to show that praise can bring pleasure.

(5) What words of praise do people usually use?

---Well done; Good job; Thank you; I appreciate it; It's nice. etc.

(6) If you wanted to learn only one word of any language in the world, which one would you like to learn?

Lines 22--29

1. Language Points

When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn't more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments. = When one considers how quickly offensive remarks are passed from one to another, it seems a pity that we do not make effort to pass on compliments that will bring pleasure and satisfaction to others.

2. Questions for Discussion

(1) What does "chary" mean? Do you agree that people are chary about praising because of the receiver's ungraceful response?

---Very cautions. On the one hand, the praise giver is not sure how the receiver will respond; on the other hand, many people do not take praise gracefully.

(2) Are you embarrassed or glad to hear compliments?

(3) How do we Chinese usually deal with praise?

---We often say "It's nothing", "Don't mention it", or other words to conceal our true feelings, to deny the praise, to show our modesty. Lines 30--43

1. Language Points

It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. = It's particularly beneficial to praise those who do unexciting routine jobs and whose efforts is usually ignored or overlooked.

when the shirts are done just right. = when the shirts are washed or cleaned exactly as expected.

Our praises are our wages. = The praises we get are the wages we wants.

surely she of all people should get her measure.

a) of all people : among all people

b) her measure : her measure or praise

c) measure : a certain amount

E.g. The measure or money granted to these children amounted to

almost nothing.

2. Questions for Discussion

(1) What are the areas in which effort generally goes unmentioned and why are they singled out?

---Cleaning, laundry, paper-delivery / post-delivery, milk-delivery, housekeeping. Compared to the work of an artist or a cook, these jobs do not demonstrate special skill or expertise. They are just unexciting routine jobs.

(2) What kinds of jobs are mentioned and why do people doing those jobs appreciate praise particularly?

---They are routine jobs which are usually dreary, tough and looked down upon. People doing these jobs need appreciation and respect but rarely get them.

(3) How do you understand Shakespeare's works?

---Praise are our spiritual rewards.

Lines 44--56

1. Language Points

an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. = praise is far more valuable than scolding.

We are not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule. = now and then we are liable to overlook the importance of putting the rule into practice.

something above his usual standard. = something better than what he usually wrote

2. Questions for Discussion

(1) Can you paraphrase the sentence "an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding"?

---Even a small amount of praise is far more valuable than much scolding.

(2) How do you understand "we're not always as perceptive as we might be about the rule"?

---Although we know the rule that praise is far more valuable then scolding, we sometimes fail to apply it in practice.

(3) Why is the word "never" in italics? And what does this example want to tell us?

---To show the emphasis she put on the word. It's a typical example. Parents often scold young children for their wrong doings than they praise them for their good behavior.

(4) What does the author mean by "drowning students' compositions in critical red ink"?

---The teacher points out many mistakes or gives critical comments on the students' composition papers.

(5) Do you prefer a teacher who comments favorably on your progress to one who makes many critical remarks?

Lines 57--69

1. Questions for Discussion

(1) Why do we tend to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result?

---We gain pleasure, encouragement, self-recognition and want to get more such pleasure results.

(2) What can we learn from this experiment?

---The less able the students are, the more praise they need. Criticism can motivate students but praise brings more effective results than criticism or indifference.

Lines 70--77

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0f15624510.html,nguage Points

Let's be alert to the small excellences around us...

a) be alert to / for

E.g. The policemen were alert to any movement in the house.

b) excellences : advantages; outstanding points

E.g. Precision is one of the excellences of the French language.

2. Questions for Discussion

(1) Do you agree that praise is a small investment that produces great results?

---Praise costs nothing but contributes a lot. Praise is like sunshine, we can make use of solar power without much cost.

(2) Why does praise very often add happiness to our own lives?

---Praise produces good results including initiating, maintaining and developing good relationships which, in turn, makes us feel comfortable. That's why in English people say "It's my pleasure" to respond to an expression of gratefulness and say "Thank you" to respond to a praise.

Paragraph 1 --- 6

Language points:

1) as, like: as has more emphasis on a specified capacity whereas like is basically synonymous with “in the manner of”

2) shrug off: dismiss sth. as not deserving one9s attention or as unimportant

3) pass on: convey to another

4) When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn't more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments.

When one considers how quickly offensive remarks arc passed from one to another, it seems a pity that we do not make effort to pass on compliments that will bring pleasure and satisfaction to others. Questions:

1)How much do you know about a waitresses job in a restaurant?

2)How was the restaurant's business?

3)What does a busy restaurant mean to a waitress?

4)Why is praise compared to sunlight? How do you feel in the sunshine?

5)Why is criticism compared to cold wind? How do you feel in the cold wind?

6)Why do you think people are ready to criticize others but reluctant to praise?

7)Do you agree that a word of praise can bring pleasure? What words of praise do people usually use?

8)If you wanted to learn only one word of any language in the world, which one would you like to learn?

9)What do you think of her word to those people?

10)What is the graceful way to accept praise?

11)Are you embarrassed or glad to hear compliments?

12)How do we Chinese usually deal with praise?

Paragraph 7 --- 9

Language points:

1)It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned.

It’s particularly beneficial to praise those who do unexciting routine jobs and whose effort is usually ignored or overlooked.

2)When the shirts are done just right: when the shirts are washed or cleaned exactly as expected.

3)Paper boy: a boy who delivers newspapers

4)An ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding: praise in whatever small amount is far more valuable than scolding in whatever large amount.

5)We’re not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule: now and then we are liable to overlook the importance of putting the rule.

6)something above his usual standard: something better than what he usually wrote.

7)... drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink...

The teacher points out many mistakes or gives many critical comments on the students' composition papers.

Questions:

1) What are the areas in which effort generally goes unmentioned and why are they singled out?

2) How do you understand Shakespeare's words?

3) Do you prefer a teacher who comments favorably on your progress to one who makes many critical remarks? Or vise versa? Why? Paragraph 11 --- 13

Language points:

1) react: respond

Questions:

1)Why do we tend to repeat an act which has been immediately

followed by a pleasant result?

2)What can we learn from this experiment?

3)Do you agree that praise is a small investment that produces great results?

4)Can you name some of the small excellence around us and comment on them?

5)Why does praise very often add happiness to our own lives?

Ⅲ. Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks

1. Summary Questions

(1) Why does praise produce far better results than criticism?

(2) Why are people eager to criticize but reluctant to praise others?

(3) What are the profit of praise?

2. Concluding Remarks

---In this article, the author revealed the social phenomenon of people's being ready to criticize but reluctant to praise, and the fact that praise is more effective in producing good results than criticism. The author reminded us of the need to be aware of the excellence, no matter how small, around us and to comment favorably on them. By doing so, we can add pleasure to other people's lives as well as to our own.

Ⅳ. Post-reading Activities

1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.

2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.

3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.

4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.

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academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年affection 喜爱affirm 断言agenda 日程表anxiety 焦虑attitudinal 态度的baptist bounce 跳跃capability 能力contribute 贡献counsel 建议crisis 危机definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生) encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的financial 财政的functional 职务的genetic 基因的guilt 内疚heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊masculine 男性的maturity 成熟mistrust 不信任newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的peer 同龄人perceive 理解position 工作prejudiced 偏见project 规划rebel 抗议relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责seminary 学院的separation 分开sexual 2性的shrink 缩水stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的 lesson2 alley n.小路, 巷bitterness n.苦味, 悲痛, 怨恨call it quits 停止civil war 内战Congressman n.国会议员, 众议院议员dirt road 土路down and out 落魄drip n.水滴vt.(使)滴下vi.(使)滴下druggist n.药商, 药材商, 药剂师【医】药商, 调剂员farmhouse n.农舍general n.一般, 将军, 大体a.全面的, 大体的, 总的, 一般的, 普遍的n.常规【计】常规【医】一般的, 全身性, 广泛的get hold of 抓住, 得到get word 获得消息, 听说, 得知 glimpse n.一瞥, 一闪vi.投以一瞥, 闪烁不定vt.瞥见fool around 闲荡, 干蠢事, 干无用的事, 干琐屑的事grand marshal 大元帅harness n.马具, 挽具状带子, 甲胄vt.给...上挽具, 驾驭, 披上甲胄, 利用...以产生动力headquarters n.总部, 司令部, 总部人员【经】本部, 总部, 总署hush n.肃静, 安静, 沉默vt.(使)肃静, (使)安静, (使)缄默interj.嘘, 别作声intimate a.亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的vt.暗示, 通知, 告诉n.至交【法】亲密的, 亲切的, 私人的lrish 爱尔兰的liven vt.使高兴, 使快活vi.快活起来livery n.制服, 侍从a.象肝的, 有肝病症状的 memoir n.传记, 实录, 追思录, 回忆录, 自传【化】研究报告miraculously ad.超自然, 非凡, 不可思议, 令人惊叹, 象奇迹一样, 奇迹般, 能创造奇迹momentary a.瞬间的, 刹那间的naked a.裸体的, 无装饰的, 无保护的, 赤贫的【医】裸露的orderly a.有秩序的, 整齐的, 值班的n.护理员, 清道夫, 传令兵, 勤务兵ad.依次地, 顺序地【医】男护理员parade n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵vt.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进vi.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进pond n.池塘vt.筑成池塘vi.筑成池塘Presbyterian adj.长老制的, 长老会的n.长老教会员railroad n.铁路, 铁路公司vt.铺设铁路, 用铁路运输vi.在铁路工作【经】铁道, 铁路ridiculous a.荒谬的, 可笑的Scotsman n.苏格兰人，苏格兰男人shed n.车棚, 小屋, 脱落之物, 分水岭vt.使流出, 放射, 脱落, 散发, 摆脱vi.流出, 散布, 脱落【医】脱落, 脱换show up 揭露, 露出, 露面 smash n.打碎, 粉碎, 打碎时哗啦声, 猛击, 扣球, 杀球, 经营失败, 破产, 硬币, 假硬币a.非常轰动的, 了不起的vt.打碎, 粉碎, 击溃, 使破产, 使裂变, 使用假硬币vi.碎裂, 猛撞, 破产, 扣球, 杀球ad.轰隆一声, 哗啦一声surrender vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 让与vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃, 投降Swede n.瑞典人Sweden sympathize vi.同情, 怜悯, 同意, 体谅 with thick with somebody 厚与某人windbag n.空话连篇的人, 风囊

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