名词性从句精讲

名词性从句

2009-03-12 00:12

一、引导名词性从句的连接词

1. 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2. 连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3. 连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好像）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

二、主语从句

1. 主语从句在复合句作主语。

e.g. Who will go is not important.

2. 用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.

3. that引导主语从句时，不能省略。

e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

三、表语从句

1. 表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g. The question was who could go there.

2. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

四、宾语从句

1. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.

2. 介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。

e.g. I'm interested in whether you've finished the work..

I'm interested in what you've said.

3. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

（1）宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain.

（2）用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

（3）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

e.g. I don't know whether or not the report is true.

I don't know whether/ if the report is true or not.

（4）介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether 也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.

They don't know whether to go there.

Please come to see me if you have time.

五、同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

名词性从句与高考试题

名词性从句的界定与分类：

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词

性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

从属连词that, if, whether;

连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whos

e;

连接副词where, when, why, how。

其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,

而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.

名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。

一、主语从句：

定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。

二、主语从句的表现形式：

１。由从属连词引导的主语从句：

a. Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must

discuss.

b. That light travels in straight line is known to all .

２。由连接代词引导的主语从句：

a. What we need is more time.

b. Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.

c. Whoever comes will be welcome.

３。由连接副词引导的主语从句：

a. When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ．

b. Where he has been is still a puzzle.

c. How much water is flowing can be measured easily.

三、关于形式主语it

主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语it，而把主语从句移到句未去。

关于形式主语it: 以it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：

（1）It + be + 形容词+ that从句

It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music.

（2）It + be + 名词+ that从句

It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.

可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。

（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that从句

It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given.

（4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词+ that从句

It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.

但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。

a. It doesn’t mat ter whether he likes or not.

b. It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year.

c. Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon?

练习：

1．____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference from one aspect．（2002春季上海）

A．What B．That C．This D．Which

2．____ she couldn't understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons．（2000上海）

A．What；why B．That；what C．What；because D．Why；that

3．____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．（99上海）

A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever

4．____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have．（NMET96）

A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what

5．____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．（NMET96）

A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where

6．____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．（MET93）

A．What B．That C．The fact D．The matter

7．____ you don't like him is none of my business．（92上海）

A．What B．Who C．That D．Whether

二, 表语从句：

定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等。

1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.

2.The question remains whether we can win the people.

3.That’s just what I want.

4.This is where our problem lies.

5.The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit.

值提注意的是：

1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if a s though引导.

Things were not as they seemed.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：

The reason why…is that … (而不用because。)

It ( this, that ) is because…

The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard.

It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.

练习：

1. What the doctors really doubt is____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soo n．（2001春季上海）

A．when B．how C．whether D．why

2.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week．

—Is that ____ you had a few days off？（NMET99）

A．why B．when C．what D．where

3. Go and get your coat．It's____ you left it．（MET92）

A．there B．where C．there where D．where there

4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella．____I got wet all through．（98上海）

A．It's the reason B．That's why C．There's why D．It's how

三，同位语从句：

定义：在复合句中，用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句一般由that, whether 等连词引导，常放在advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, informa tion, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

l. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.

2. I have no idea when he will be back.

3. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

4. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

练习：

Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into un iversities．（2001上海）

A．while B．that C．when D．as

______ is no possibility _______ . Bob can win the first prize I the match. (上海2001春) A、There; that B、It; what C、There; whether D、It; whether

四，宾语从句

定义：一个从句在复合中作主句的宾语，这个从句就叫作宾语从句。

宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾词，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。1．及物动词后的宾语从句：

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

I wonder why she refused my invitation.

2．介词后的宾语从句：

I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.

The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.

3．某些形容词后的宾语从句：

I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.

We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.

4．非谓语动词后的宾语从句：

Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.

On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.

关于形式宾语it

We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.

练习：

1. When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monky exactly____ he wants．（2002年春季上海）

A．what B．which C．when D．that

2. —I think it's going to be a big problem ．

—Yes，it could be．

—I wonder ____ we can do about it．（2002春季北京、安徽、内蒙古）

A．if B．how C．what D. that

3. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）

A．how B．after C．what D．when

4. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before．（2 001春季上海）

A．that B．how C．where D．what

5. These wild flowers are so special that I would do ____ I can to save them ．（2000春季北京、安徽）

A．whatever B．that C．which D．whichever

6. Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late．（2000春季上海）A．any；who B．every；whoever C．whichever；whoever D．either；whoever

7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．（NMET97）A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever

8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests．（95上海）

A．anyone B．whom ever C．whoever D．no matter who

学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：

1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：

Someone is ringing the doorbell．Go and see ____．（2000上海）

A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is

Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）

A．where Alice had put B．where had Alice put C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put

You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents．（94上海）A．how they were excited B．how excited they were

C．how excited were they D．they were how excited

2. 动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that 作连接词；用在肯定句

时，连接词用whether 或if 皆可，而不用that。

Do you doubt that he will win ? I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .

He doubt whether I know it .

3. 否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟think , believe , suppose , expect , gu

ess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。

We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?

4. 主谓一致问题。

What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world．

What I bought were three English books．

5. 语气问题

a. 在含有suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, re

quire, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“（sho uld）+ 动词原形”的结构

I suggest we (should) set off at once.

b. 在It is ＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ord

ered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。

It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．

c. 在表语从句或同位语从句中。

The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone．d. 在It is（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ＋）动词原形，表

示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。It is necessary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language．（上海1993）

A．masters B．should master C．mastered D．will master

6．What引导名词从句的特殊含义:

What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．

(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that．．．；all that．．．；everything that．．．”) After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in be d．（M ET'93）

A．what B．when C．that D．which

(what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”)

He is not what he was a few years ago．Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？

(what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that．．．”)

What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world．

(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that．．．”)

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago

(what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount ／number that．．．”)

巩固练习：

1．—What are you eager about？

—________．

A．How can we succeed B．Whether we can succeed

C．When can we succeed D．If we can succeed

2．It was true ____ Alice did surprised her mother．

A．that what B．what that C．that that D．all that

3．You can't believe ____ promise he makes．

A．anything that B．which C．whatever D．whose

4. It was at the very beginning_________ Mr.Fox made the decision ________ we sh

ould send more firefighters there.

A. when, which

B. that, that

C. where, what

D. when, that

5．—Who should I give the prize to？

—To ____ can work out the problem ．

A．whoever B．who C．no matter who D．whomever

6．____is well-known ____ much progress has been made in China in the past 20 y ears．

A．What；what B．It；that C．It；what D．That；that

7．____ gets home first is to cook the supper．

A．Who B．No matter who C．Those who D．Whoever

8．____ surprised us very much that Tom left without a word．

A．He B．It C．This D．That

9．____ he has enough time to finish the work is still a problem ．

A．Whether B．That C．If D．What

10. Maria has to baby-sit. That’s ______ she can’t come out with us.

A. why

B. how

C. when

D. what

11. ------I went to see you at about ten this morning, but you were not in the office. ------Oh, that was probably________ I was talking with the headmaster.

A. when

B. why

C. what

D. that

12. We agreed to accept________ they thought was the best tourist guide.

A. whatever

B. whichever

C. whomever

D. whoever

13. __________ is where to go for a holiday.

A. What they worry

B. What worries them

C. What is worried

D. What they are wo

rried

14. It worried her a lot________ she had developed a terrible disease.

A. while

B. if

C. that

D. for

15. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.it

16. You have not yet answered my question _______ I can join in the party tonight．A．whether B．if C．which D．that

1 7. —Do you really believe there is human race in outer space?

—So far there is no proof _____ people from other planets do exist.

A.which

B.how

C.what

D.that

18. In some countries,_____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for

all people.

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.how

19. You may give the film ticket to _____ you think needs it.

A.no matter who

B.whomever

C.whoever

D.no matter whom

20. Rice is comforting food, ________ the season is.

A. however

B. wherever

C. whatever

D. whenever

Key: 1~5 BACBA 6~10 BDBAA 11~15 ABBCC 16~20 ADBCC

名词性从句精讲(讲解+练习)

名词性从句精讲 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That he will come h ere surprises me. I know that he will come here. The news is that he will come here.The new that he will come here surprises me. 一、名词性从句的相同点：1.结构 2.连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连接：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 二、四大名词性从句的剖析 1.主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 上星期他突然生病了让我们很惊讶。 Whether he will be able to come remains a question.他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be +形容词+主语从句It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. （2）It + be +名词+主语从句It is a pity that he missed the lecture. （3）It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句It is said that they have won the game. （4）It +不及物动词+ that从句It seems that something is wrong with the computer. 另注意在主语从句中用来表示必须、理应如此、建议、要求等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2.宾语从句 名词性从句用作宾语叫宾语从句，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与

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高考英语一轮复习名词性从句精讲精练学案新人教版 名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 (1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格让父母很失望。 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。 (3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。 what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。 What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。 What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。 (2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。 That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely. (＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.) 她不可能拒绝那个建议。 I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.

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