英汉互译实用教程 (郭著章) 第二章 翻译过程及词义确定 本章内容

英汉互译实用教程（郭著章）

第二章

翻译过程及词义确定

本章内容概述：

翻译过程:

1. 理解原文

2. 译文表达

3. 校核阶段

翻译过程：理解原文

?1. 理解语言现象

a.词汇现象

b.语法现象

?2.理解逻辑关系

?3.理解所涉及事物

理解原文：理解语言现象

译者必须上下有联

系地理解原文的词汇含

义、句法结构和惯用法

等

理解原文：理解语言现象

a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义

?Eg.1. Life is full of ups and downs.

人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。

?He has seen the ups and downs in the history of ?the relations between the two countries.

?他经历了两国关系史上的分分合合。

a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg. 2. The wedding ,which Heyward still remembered with pride ,was attended by a who's who of Boston Society.

赫华德仍然记得，参加婚礼的人中有波士顿的一位社会名流，这使他感到十分得意。

a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg.3. There was no lady about him. He was what the woman would call a manly man. That was why they like him.

他这人没有一点女人气。他是女人们称之为男子汉的那种人。这正是他们喜欢他的原因所在。

a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义

4. My handwriting was so bad that after taking dictation, I couldn’t translate it.

辨识、辨

认

a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义Eg.5. On his way home he bought some apples at a fruit stand.

摊位他回家时，在路上的水果摊上买了些苹果。

a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义Eg.6. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.

因此该句可译为:“然而,我认为,对大多数人来说,只要工作量不是太大,即使所做的事再单调也总比无所事事好受。”

a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义

◆Eg.7.The ship righted

itself after the big wave

had passed．

◆大浪过后，船又平稳

了。（动词）

a.词汇现象：根据搭配习惯确定词义Eg.8. He once again imparted to us great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

我们又一次领受了他的广博知识，丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。

1.Her whole attitude had had a subtle change.

2.There are subtle differences in meaning between these two words.

3. I fall for that subtle plot every time!

4. An artist has subtler awareness of color values than an ordinary person.

5. The old craftsman has subtle fingers.

微妙的细微的诡秘的敏锐的

灵巧的a.词汇现象：根据搭配习惯确定词义

Eg.9. subtle

a.词汇现象：根据搭配习惯确定词义Eg.10. …yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband;who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss; …

……不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家里人也的确绵绵地追悼他们。……

a.词汇现象：根据感情色彩确定词义Eg.11. It was mid-August and the subject for discussion was the future of Rommel and his African Corps.

当时是八月中旬，他们讨论的题目是隆美尔及其非洲军团的下场。

They became less discouraged when they realized they themselves can make a better future.

当他们意识到他们可以创造更美好的前程时，他们不在灰心丧气。

理解原文：理解语言现象

a.词汇现象：根据词形变换确定词义

◆要注意的是，英语中有些名词单复数形式

的意思大相径庭。试比较下面名词两种形式的不同含义：

◆1．work工作，works工厂、著作。

◆2．time时间，times时代。

◆3．letter字母、信，letters文学。

◆4．force力量，forces军队。

理解原文：理解语言现象

a.词汇现象：根据词形变换确定词义

◆5．paper纸，papers文件、证件。

◆6．air空气，airs做作的姿态。

◆7．manner方式，manners礼貌。

◆8．return归还，returns利润。

◆9．authority权力，authorities当局。

◆10. ground地、场地，grounds理由。

理解原文：理解语言现象译文：“当您认识您的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏

时，您就会为

自己增添力量

。”

Eg.1.It will strengthen

you to know that your

distinguished career is

so widely respected

and appreciated . b.语法现象

理解原文：理解语言现象

b.语法现象

Eg.2. John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already three years since

he was a bandmaster

译文：约翰现与父母同住在纽约市；他不担任乐队指挥已经三年了。