英语翻译考试答题技巧

翻译——英译汉

对于翻译部分，建议大家在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法，针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象，仔细分析一些翻译实例，总结出一些规律性的东西，再加以必要的练习，一定能够提高自己的翻译水平。

（一）词性转换

词性转换是英汉翻译过程中经常用到的情况。虽然英语和汉语的词性大多能重合，可以直接相互转换，但是，在英语句子中可以充当某个成分的词性相对较少，比如说，英语中充当主语的只有名词、代词或者相当于名词的动名词和不定式，充当谓语的只有动词；而在汉语句子中，名词、动词、形容词都可以做主语、谓语、宾语和表语。因此翻译时要灵活处理，不能一味拘泥于某些词汇在原文的词性，必要时应该采取词性转换的方法，将原词性进行适当的转换。这样翻译出来的句子才能流畅，表意确切。

（二）词义引申

英语单词在不同的场合和搭配中，词义有时差别很大。如果把某些英语单词或词组按词典上的意义直译过来，就会使译文晦涩生硬，不易理解，甚至还可能引起误解。因此在翻译时，要在弄清原文意思的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系，并且按照汉语习惯选择适当词义加以引申。引申就是在翻译时将词义加以深化，产生新义，以确切表达原文含义。

（三）增减词

英译汉过程中必须遵循的一项原则是：忠于原文。译者不能对原作者的意思加以更改，任意增加或减少内容。但是，这并不意味着译文的字数不能有任何增减，因为没有两种语言是完全对等的，尤其英汉两种语言在表达方式上差异较大。译者常常需要从全局考虑，进行必要的文字调整，使其符合汉语的习惯表达方式。在不影响原句意思表达的情况下，可以按照意境、修辞或句法的具体需要，增加或减少词语，使句子自然、流利、通畅。英译汉时增加必要的词语，省略不必要的词语，这就是增减词语的技巧。

（四）正说反译和反说正译

英汉两种语言均有肯定或否定概念的表达。通常情况下，翻译时肯定句译成肯定句，否定句译成否定句即可。但是由于英语和汉语的表达习惯不同，翻译时要时常进行正说反译或反说正译的相互转换。其目的主要有三个：明确语义；加强修辞；符合汉语习惯。

（五）语态转换

英汉两种语言在语态上有一个很明显的区别，那就是在英语中被动语态使用范围很广，几乎随处可见。凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。而在汉语表达中，主动语态比被动语态用得更普遍些。因此，在进行英译汉时，最好能尊重汉语习惯，将英文被动句进行相应的语态转换。

（六）从句的翻译

英语中主从复合句比较多，而汉语则多为短句，很少频繁地使用从句句式。基于英汉两种语言在这点上的不同，多数情况下我们很难把英语的句子结构照搬下来译成汉语，而是应该根据需要对从句进行相应的处理，更好地符合汉语的表达习惯。首先要弄清主从句间的关系和句子的基本结构，抓住句子的主干，再根据上下文弄清句意的层次和逻辑关系；最后用恰当的汉语准确表达出句意。

【实例】

People now have more leisure time，which is the reason why the demand for services has increased so rapidly．

A）如今人们有更多的时间去娱乐，从而影响了劳务资源的快速上升。

B）如今希望有时间娱乐的人越来越多，这是因为服务质量在迅速提高了。

C）如今人们有了更多的闲暇时间，因而对各种服务的需求增长得如此快。

D）如今人们有了更多的空闲时间，这就是要求迅速提高服务质量的原因。

【解析】C-D-A-B

People now have more leisure time，which is me reason

主语状语谓语宾语非限制性定语从句

why the demand for services has increased so rapidly．

同住语从句

本句是主从复合句，主句很简单，重点在后面的非限制性定语从句的翻译，而非限制性定语从句多作为分句翻译，在非限制性定语从句中还有一个同位语从句why the demand for services has increased so rapidly，指的是对各种服务的需求增长，而不是对服务质量的需求。所以最佳答案是C。

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任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）

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