unit8课文翻译

第八单元

Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature cutting edges.

磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。磨轮用非常大量的微型切削刃模仿铣刀进行切削。Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines.

一般而言，磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的精加工作业。磨削通过采用被称为磨床的特殊机床能在平面、圆柱面甚至内表面上进行。

Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground, e.g., cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.

显然，磨床根据结构和功能的不同有所区别，使用何种形式的磨床主要取决于被磨削表面的几何形状和物理性质。例如，圆柱面在外圆磨床上磨削。

?Type of Grinding Operations 磨削作业的类型

1. Surface grinding. As the name surface grinding suggests, this operation involves grinding of flat or plane surfaces. Fig.8.1 indicates the two possible variations, either a horizontal or vertical machine spindle.

1.表面磨削：就像其名称暗示的那样，表面磨削和平面磨削直接有关。图8.1表示了两种可能的变化：卧式磨床主轴或立式磨床主轴。

In the first case (horizontal spindle), the machine usually has a planer-type reciprocating table on which the workpiece is held. However, grinding machines with vertical spindles can have either a planer type table like that of the horizontal-spindle machine or a rotating worktable.

在第一种情况(卧式主轴)，卧式磨床通常具有安装工件的刨床式往复工作台。而立式主轴磨床既可以像卧式主轴磨床那样具有刨床式工作台也可以具有旋转工作台。

Also, the grinding action in this case is achieved by the end face of the grinding wheel (Fig.8.1b), contrary to the case of horizontal-spindle machines, where the workpieces ground by the periphery of the grinding wheel.

而且在这种情况下，磨削动作是通过砂轮端面完成的(图8.1b)，这与通过砂轮周边磨削工件的卧式主轴磨床正好相反。

Fig.8.1a and b also indicate the equations to be used for estimating the different parameters of the grinding operation, such as the machining time and the rate of metal removal.

图8.1a和b同时简述了用于估计诸如加工时间和金属去除率之类的磨削作业不同参数的方程式。

During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by magnetic chucks. 在平面磨削时，重的工件用夹具固定或用压板等夹紧在磨床工作台上，而小的工件则通常是用电磁卡盘固定的。2. Cylindrical grinding. In cylindrical grinding, the workpiece is held between centers during the grinding operation, and the wheel rotation is the source and cause for the rotary cutting motion, as shown in Fig.8.2. In fact, cylindrical grinding can be carried out by employing any of the following methods:

2. 圆柱面磨削：在圆柱面磨削中，作业时工件支撑在两顶尖之间，砂轮转动是导致回转切削运动的动力源，如图8.2所示。实际上，圆柱面磨削能通过采用下列任意方法来实现：

(1) The transverse method, in which both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate and longitudinal linear feed is applied to enable grinding of the whole length. The depth of cut is adjusted by the cross feed of the grinding wheel into the workpiece.

(1) 横向方法：这种方法中砂轮与工件均旋转且采用线性纵向进给以保证能磨削整个长度。切削深度通过改变砂轮

对工件的横向进给来进行调整。

(2) The plunge-cut method, in which grinding is achieved through the cross feed of the grinding wheel and no axial feed is applied. As you can see, this method can be applied only when the surface to be ground is shorter than the width of the grinding wheel used.

(2) 插入-切削方法：这种方法通过砂轮的横向进给完成磨削而不采用轴向进给。正如料想的那样，这种方法只在要磨削表面比所用砂轮宽度短时才使用。

(3) The full-depth method, which is similar to the transverse method except that the grinding allowance is removed in a single pass. This method is usually recommended when grinding short rigid shafts. (3) 全深度方法：这种方法除了一次加工就能去除磨削余量外其它与横向方法相同。这种方法通常在磨削较短刚性轴时推荐使用。

Internal grinding. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holes, as shown in Fig.8.3. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction.

内表面磨削：内表面磨削用于相对较短的孔，如图8.3所示。工件安装在卡盘或特殊夹具上。作业时砂轮和工件都回转并且采用纵向进给。

Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks.

通过砂轮的横向进给能得到任意所需的切削深度。这种方法的一个变体是行星式内表面磨削，当工件较重不能用卡盘固定时推荐使用。

In that case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.

在这种情况下，砂轮不但绕自身轴线回转，同时还绕被磨削孔的中心线旋转。

Centerless grinding.Centerless grinding involves passing a cylindrical workpiece, which is supported by a rest blade, between two wheels, i.e., the grinding wheel and the regulating or feed wheel.

无心磨削：无心磨削用于加工圆柱形工件，工件由托板支撑，在两轮即砂轮和调节或进给轮之间通过去。The grinding wheel does the actual grinding, while the regulating wheel is responsible for rotating the workpiece as well as generating the longitudinal feed. This is possible because of the frictional characteristics of that wheel, which is usually made of rubber-bonded abrasive.

砂轮完成实际磨削，而调节轮负责旋转工件和产生纵向进给。由于调节轮通常用橡胶粘结的磨料制成，其摩擦特性使这成为可能。

As can be seen in Fig.8.4, the axis of the regulating wheel is tilted at a slight angle with the axis of the grinding wheel. Consequently, the peripheral velocity of the regulating wheel can be resolved into two components, namely, workpiece rotational speed and longitudinal feed.

正如在图8.4中所看到的那样，调节轮的轴与砂轮轴倾斜一个微小角度。因此调节轮的圆周速度可以分解为两个分量，即工件回转速度和纵向进给。

These can be given by the following equations:

V workpiece＝V regulating wheel×cosα

Axial feed＝V regulating wheel×c×sinα

Where c is a constant coefficient to account for the slip between the workpiece and the regulating wheel (c=0.94~0.98).

其值可由下列公式给出：

V工件＝V调节轮×cosα

轴向进给＝V调节轮×c×sinα

式中c是考虑工件和调节轮之间滑动的恒定系数(c=0.94~0.98)。

The velocity of the regulating wheel is controllable and is used to achieve any desired rotational speed of the workpiece. The angleαis usually taken from 1°to 5°and the larger the angle, the larger the longitudinal feed would be.

调节轮的速度是可控的并被用于实现工件任意所需的转动速度。α角通常取1到 5°，这角度越大则纵向进给也将越大。

Whenαis taken as 0°, i.e., the two axes of the grinding and regulating wheels are parallel, there is

no longitudinal feed of the workpiece.

当α取0°时，即砂轮和调节轮轴线平行时，则工件没有纵向进给。

?Grinding Wheels 砂轮

Grinding wheels are composed of abrasive grains having similar size and a binder. The actual grinding process is performed by the abrasive grains. Pores between the grains within the binder enable the grains to act as separate single-point cutting tools.

砂轮由具有相近尺寸的磨料颗粒和粘合剂组成。实际磨削作业由磨粒完成。在粘合剂中磨粒之间的孔隙使磨粒能象独立的单刃切削刀具一样工作。

These pores also provide space for the generated chips, thus preventing the wheel from clogging. In addition, pores assist the easy flow of coolants to enable efficient and prompt removal of the heat generated during the grinding process.

这些孔隙同时还为产生的切屑提供空间以防砂轮堵塞。另外孔隙帮助冷却液容易流动，从而使在磨削作业中产生的热量能有效而迅速地散发。

Grinding wheels are identified based on their shape and size, kind of abrasive, grain size, binder, grade (hardness), and structure.

砂轮根据它们的形状和尺寸、磨料的类型、磨粒的大小、粘合剂、等级(硬度)和结构组织来分类。

Shape and size of grinding wheels. Grinding wheels differ in shape and size, depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used. Various shapes are shown in Fig.8.5 and include the following types:

砂轮的形状和尺寸：根据砂轮的用途，它们的形状和尺寸是不同的。各种形状如图8.5所示，其中包括：

1)Straight wheels used for surface, cylindrical, internal, and centerless grinding.

2)Bevelled-face or tapered wheels used for grinding threads, gear teeth, and the like.

3)Straight recessed wheels for cylindrical grinding and facing.

1)用于表面、圆柱面、内部和无心磨削的直轮。

2)用于磨削螺纹、齿轮轮齿之类的斜面或锥形轮。

3)用于圆柱面和端面磨削的直凹轮。

4)Abrasive disks for cutoff and slotting operations. (thickness 0.02 up to 0.2in. (0.5 to 5mm)).

5)Cylinders, straight cups, and flaring cups are used for surface grinding with the end face of the wheel.

4)用于切断和开槽作业的砂轮片(其厚度从0.02到0.2英寸(0.5到5毫米))。

5)用其端面进行表面磨削的圆柱、直杯及外展杯状砂轮。

The main dimensions of a grinding wheel are the outside diameter D, the bore diameter d, and the height H. These dimensions vary widely, depending upon the grinding process for which the wheel is to be used.

砂轮的主要尺寸有外径D、孔径d和厚度H。根据采用砂轮的磨削工艺，这些尺寸变化很大。

Kind of abrasive. Grinding wheels can be made of natural abrasives such as quartz, emery, and corundum or of industrially prepared chemical compounds such as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide (known as carborundum).

磨料的类型：砂轮可以由象石英、金刚砂、刚玉之类的自然磨料制成，或者由象氧化铝或碳化硅(也称人造金刚砂)之类的工业制备的化学化合物制成。

Generally, silicon carbide grinding wheels are used when grinding low-tensile-strength materials like cast iron, whereas aluminum oxide wheels are employed for grinding high-strength metals such as alloy steel, hardened steel, and the like.

当磨削象铸铁类低拉伸强度材料时，一般采用碳化硅砂轮，而磨削合金钢、淬火钢等高强度金属则要用氧化铝砂轮。

Grain size of abrasive used. As you may expect, the grain size of the abrasive particles of the wheel plays a fundamental role in determining the quality of ground surface obtained.

所用磨粒的尺寸：正如料想的那样，砂轮磨粒的尺寸对决定所得磨削表面的质量起着根本的作用。

The finer the grains, the smoother the ground surface is. Therefore, coarse-grained grinding wheels are used for roughing operations, whereas fine-grained wheels are employed in final finishing operations. 磨粒越细，磨削表面越光滑。所以，粗粒砂轮用于粗加工，而细粒砂轮则用于最后精加工。

The grade of the bond. The grade of the bond is actually an indication of the resistance of the bond to pulling off the abrasive grains from the grinding wheel. Generally, wheels having hard grades

are used for grinding soft materials and vice versa.

粘结体的等级：粘结体的等级实际上是其抵抗将磨粒从砂轮上拉脱的指标。一般而言，具有较硬等级的砂轮用于磨削较软材料，反之亦然。

If a hard-grade wheel were to be used for grinding a hard material, the dull grains would not be pulled off from the bond quickly enough, thus impeding the self-dressing process of the surface of the wheel and finally resulting in clogging of the wheel and burns on the ground surface.

如果较硬等级的砂轮用于磨削较硬材料，磨钝的磨粒将不能足够快地脱离粘结体，这会妨碍砂轮表面的自修复，最终导致砂轮的堵塞并在被磨表面留下灼斑。

In fact, the cutting properties of all grinding wheels must be restored periodically by dressing with a cemented carbide roller or a diamond tool to give the wheel the exact desired shape and remove all worn abrasive grains.

实际上，所有砂轮的磨削性能都必须定期地通过使用硬质合金滚轮或金刚石修整器修整而被恢复，以求很准确地把砂轮加工成要求的形状，并去除已磨钝的磨粒。

Structure.Structure refers to the amount of void space between the abrasive grains. When grinding softer metals, larger void space are needed to facilitate the flow of the removed chips.

结构组织：结构组织与磨粒间的空隙量有关。当磨削较软金属时，需要较大的空隙以便去除切屑的流动。

The binder. Abrasive particles are bonded together in many different ways. These include bond, silicate, rubber, resinoid, shellac, and oxychloride. Nevertheless, the bond is the most commonly used one.

粘合剂：磨粒可用多种不同方法粘结在一起。其中包括粘合剂、硅酸盐、橡胶、树脂、虫胶和氯氧化物。然而，粘合剂是最常用的。

In fact, the standard marking system is employed for distinguishing grinding wheels, by providing all the preceding parameters in a specific sequence.

在实际生产中，为了区分砂轮采用标准标注系统，通过用一特定顺序将所有上述参数都表示出来。

(完整word版)译林版八年级下册英语课文翻译

译林版八年级下册英语Unit7 Comic strip课文翻译 1. Eddie,more money is needed for charity. You have some pocket money left. Let's go and donate it. 埃迪，慈善机构需要更多的钱。你还剩下一些零花钱。让我们去把它捐了吧。 2. Now? It's time for lunch. 现在吗？到吃午饭的时间了。 3. Don't worry. We can have a big lunch after that. 别担心。捐钱之后我们可以吃一顿丰盛的午餐。 4. Hobo，let me have lunch first. I'm too weak to walk any further. 霍波，让我先吃午饭吧。我太虚弱，走不动了。 Come on，Eddie. We only have five kilometres left. 加油，埃迪。我们只剩下五千米了。 How charities help people 慈善机构如何帮助人们 The Class 1,Grade 8 students want to learn about international charities. They want to find out how these charities help people around the world. 八年级一班的学生想了解关于国际慈善机构的一些情况。他们想调查出这些慈善机构如何帮助世界各地的人们。 Task Write a report on the work of an international charity． 任务写一篇关于一个国际慈善机构的工作的报道。 Welcome to the unit A 部分翻译 Charities around the world 世界各地的慈善机构 Amy has collected some information about international charities. Help her match the logos with the charities. Write the correct names in the blanks. 埃米已经搜集了一些有关国际慈善机构的信息。帮助她把徽标和慈善机构的名字连接起来。在横线上写出正确的名字。 ORBIS 奥比斯 Oxfam 乐施会 UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会 WWF 世界自然基金会 2B 部分翻译 Mr Wu is asking the students about international charities. Work in groups and say what you know about charities. Use the conversation below as a model. 吴老师正在问学生关于国际慈善机构的事。分组练习，并且说说你所知道的关于慈善机构的事。用下面的对话作示范。 Mr Wu: Do you know about any international charities，class? 吴老师：同学们，你们知道一些关于慈善机构的事吗？ Daniel:Yes.I know about a charity called UNICEF. 丹尼尔：是的，我知道一个叫联合国儿童基金会的慈善机构。 Mr Wu:How does UNICEF help people? 吴老师：联合国儿童基金会是如何帮助人们的？

新视野大学英语2第三版unit8 textA课文翻译.doc

Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i

Unit 1课文翻译及课后翻译练习参考答案

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九年级英语unit7课文-翻译

九年级英语unit7翻译 Unit7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Section A 2d 桑迪：要去看毕加索的著名绘画作品，我真的很激动。 吴兰：我也是。我很高兴史密斯先生为今年的校外旅行选择了美术博物馆。 桑迪：我要带上我的新照相机，照好多好多照片！ 吴兰：哦，不行。史密斯先生说我们不可以照相。博物馆不允许。桑迪：太糟糕了！你说，如果我们不用闪光灯，会不会允许（我们）照相啊？ 吴兰：嗯…..我觉得我们只是想保护那些绘画作品。如果不用闪光灯的话，那也许可以。 Section A 3a 妈妈最了解我 当我是个小宝宝整夜哭闹的时候，妈妈依偎在我身旁，唱歌送我入梦乡。 在我累了饿了的时候，妈妈给我食物，那温暖的臂膀就是我的床。 当我奔跑在田野上，她确保我的安全，让我远离安全，让我远离危险， 在我摔倒受伤的时候她给我拥抱，扶我站好。 七岁的我剧烈咳嗦，她说我不适合吃冰激凌， 我却大声反驳：你必须同意，我就要定了！ 九岁时我看恐怖电影，她说：这种电影会将噩梦给你带来， 我却愤怒地咆哮：我就该看这样的电影，别拿我当小孩！ 青少年的我开始和朋友外出闲逛了，她叮咛道：十点以前一定要回来！ 我又顶嘴：我都17岁了，不需要你告诉我该不该！ 现在我长大了，回想当初的是时光， 吃了冰激凌让我咳嗦不止， 看了恐怖片让我噩梦连连， 上学迟到只因为10点还在外游荡。 我真的后悔呀！后悔不该顶嘴，后悔没有听从妈妈的忠告； 妈妈最了解（孩子），她只是想怎样对我最好！ Section B 2b

能允许我自己做决定吗？ 很多青少年都有自己的业余爱好。但有时候，这些业余爱好会阻碍他们的学业，父母可能会担心他们在学校的学习成绩。孩子们都希望尽可能多些机会实践自己爱好。你同意吗？ 刘宇是来自山东省的一位15岁的男孩，他是一个赛跑运动明星。他是学校校队的一名队员，希望长大以后能成为职业跑步运动员。可是他的父母不愿让他花太多时间去训练。“我们当然希望看到他实现自己的梦想，”刘先生说，“我们也知道他是多么喜欢跑步，我妻子和我也曾经支持他的每一次比赛。我们不反对跑步，但是儿子必须要考虑其他可能得工作。他现在长大了，他一定要考虑好，万一成不了职业运动员怎么办？” 刘宇却不认同他们的想法。“我觉得应该允许我自己做决定，”她说：“我父母总是教育我在学校努力学习、上大学是多么多么重要。我能理解这一点，但是对于跑步，我也是很严肃对待的。这是唯一我特别想做的事情” 刘宇的父母认为刘宇晚上应该用功学习，因此，我们不同意他晚上出去练习跑步。“也许他会认为我们太过严格或者不公平。”刘先生说，“但我们认为我们这么做是对的。成为一个职业运动明星是很难的，所以他必须在自己的功课上多花点时间。” 但刘宇还是不同意。“我知道我父母关心我。他们总是说如果不成功怎么办。可我一定会成功！我跑的很快。我觉得应该让我自己做决定。只有这样我才有机会实现自己的梦想。”

人教版八年级下册英语课文翻译

人教版八年级下册英语课文翻译 第一单元 UNIT 1 2d 莉萨，你好吗?我头痛，并且脖子不能动。我该怎么办?我应该量体温吗?不，听起来不像是你发烧。周末你做什么了?我整个周末都在玩电脑游戏。那很可能就是原因。你需要离开电脑休息几次。是的，我想我是一个姿势坐得太久没有移动。我认为你应该躺下休息。如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话，就去看医生。好的。谢谢，曼迪。 3a 昨天上午九点，26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。在他旁边的一位妇女在喊救命。公交车司机，24岁的王平，没有多想就停下了公交车。他下了车并且问那个妇女发生了什么事。她说那个人有心脏病，应该去医院。王先生知道他必须快点行动。他告诉乘客他必须送老人去医院。他希望大部分或全部乘客下车去等下一辆班车。但出乎他的意料，他们都同意和他一起去。一些乘客帮助王先生把那个老人移到公交车上。 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。“许多人因为不想有麻烦而不想帮助别人，这令人难受，”一位乘客说。“但是这位司机没有考虑自己。他只考虑挽救一条生命。”

2b 他失去了手臂但还在爬山 阿伦?罗尔斯顿是一个对爬山感兴趣的美国人。作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。这是关于做危险运动的令人兴奋的事情之一。有许多次，阿伦因为(意外)事故几乎失去生命。在2003年4月26日，在犹他州登山时他发现自己在非常危险的处境。 在那天，当阿伦独自登山时，他的手臂被压在落在他身上的一块2000千克的岩石下。因为他的手臂不能自由活动，他在那儿待了五天，希望有人会发现他。但当时他的水喝完了，他知道他将不得不采取措施来挽救自己的生命了。他不愿那天就死去。因此他用刀子切除了他的一半右臂。然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带以至于他不会失去太多的血。这之后，他爬下山寻求帮助。 在他失去手臂之后，他写了一本名为《生死抉择》(又译作《生死两难》)的书。他的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中。”在这本书中，阿伦讲述了关于做出明智抉择和掌握自己生命的重要性。他对登山如此酷爱以至于即使这次经历之后他还继续爬山。 我们有和阿伦一样的勇气吗?在我们发现自己处于进退两难的处境之 前以及在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前，让我们来想想它。

全新版第二版第一册unit8课文翻译讲课教案

A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论着家中的许多疾病；镇上的医生也越来越因病人中出现的新的病症而感到迷惑。在成人和孩子中发生了好几起突发的不明其由的死亡，那些孩子在玩耍中突然病倒，几小时后就死去了。 There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example - where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh 这里是一派奇怪的寂静。就说鸟儿们吧---它们都去哪儿了？许多人说起鸟儿的时候都充满了迷惑与不安。他们后院的饲养站已经没有鸟儿光顾了。随处能见到的几只鸟都奄奄一息。他们猛烈地颤抖，却飞不起来。这是一个无声的春天。曾经是震动着画眉鸟、猫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、欧鹪和许多鸟儿的黎明合唱声的清晨如今却寂然无声。田野间、树林中和沼泽地里也是一片寂静。 On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs - the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit. 在农庄，母鸡下蛋却孵不出小鸡。农夫们抱怨无法养猪，因为刚生下的猪崽太小了，小猪也只能活几天的功夫。苹果树开花了，可是没有蜜蜂在花丛中嗡嗡地采蜜，没有蜜蜂的授粉，也就没有任何果子。 The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them,

九年级英语Unit1-课文翻译

九年级英语U n i t1-课 文翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

Unit 1 课文翻译 Section A 杰克：安妮，我有点紧张。我得读完一本书并在下周一做读书报告。 安妮：那听起来并不太糟糕嘛。 杰克：但是，我是一个书读得很慢的人。 安妮：开始可读得快些，获取大意。不要一个字一个字地读，要按意群读。 杰克：可有许多单词我不懂，我还得用字典。 安妮：尽力尝试从读单词的前后句子去猜测它的意思。你可能要比你想的要懂得多谢。 杰克：那听上去好难啊！ 安妮：嗯，得耐心点。这得慢慢来。每天读点你喜欢的东西，你会变得好一些。你读得越多，便会读得越快。 我是怎样学会学习英语的 去年，我并不喜欢上英语课，每一节课都像一场噩梦。老师说得太快，大多数时候我都听不懂。我又害怕问问题，因为我的发音不好。我就躲在课本后面，从来不说什么。 后来有一天我看到了一部名叫《玩具总动员》的英文电影。我爱上了这部令人兴奋和有趣的影片！所以我也开始看其他英文电影了。虽然我不明白那些角色所说的一切，但他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情能帮助我明白期中的意思。我还意识到我可以通过听关键词

来理解意思。通过听英文电影的对白，我的发音也进步了。我发现听有趣的东西是学习语言的诀窍。我还学会了像It’s a piece of cake .（这简直就是小菜一碟）和It serves you right ( 你活该) 这样有用的句子。最初我并不明白这些句子的意思，但是我想要弄明白整个故事，我便查了字典。 现在我真喜欢上我的英语课。我想要学更多生词和更多语法，这样我才能更好地理解英文电影。 Section B ,2b 你如何成为一名成功的学习者？ 每个人学习的能力与生俱来，但是你能否做好取决于你的学习习惯。研究表明，成功的学习者有一些共同的好习惯。 建立对所学内容的兴趣 研究显示，如果你对某件事情感兴趣，你的大脑便会更加活跃，同时你也更容易长时间集中精力。优秀学习者通常把他们所学的内容与一些有趣的东西结合起来。例如，如果他们需要学习英语，同时他们又喜欢音乐和体育，他们可以听英文歌曲或看英语的体育节目，这样他们不会感到乏味。 多加练习，并从失败中学习 好的学习者会思考他们擅长什么以及那些方面需要多加练习。记住：“要么用，要么丧失”即便有些东西你学的很好，除非你使用它，否则也会遗忘。”“熟能生巧。”好的学习者最自己的所学坚持练习，并且他们不怕犯错，亚历山大. 格雷勒姆。贝尔发明电话并