2012考研英语(二)真题及答案(海天完整版)Section 1 Use of Eninglish
Directions :
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American
military adventurism, but that ’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid
torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi
reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up
6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all
of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe
Blow ,Joe Magrac ? a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.
GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based
on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the
dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie ”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each
other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen
more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.
1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed
2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal
3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes
5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence
6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against
7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming
8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down
9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed
10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished
12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony
13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned
14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human
15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained
16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired
18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea
19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point
Section II Resdiong Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,
but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the
country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his
educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy
which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no
l onger count for more than 10% of a student ’s academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished
or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot
do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass
to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it
is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:
teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework
and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well
on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who
performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the
homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for
their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students ’academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them
count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the
homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is
responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts
public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B]is no longer an educational ritual
[C]is not required for advanced courses
[D]is gaining more preferences
22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework
[D]have voiced their complaints about homework
23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.
[A]discourage students from doing homework
[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards
[C]undermine the authority of state tests
[D]restrict teachers' power in education
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers
[D]it is important for grades
25.A suitable title for this text could be______.
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework
Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour,
yet it is pervasive in our young girls ’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses gi rls ’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only
innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls ’l ives and interests.
Girl s’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehowencoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the
only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were
introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the
mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children ’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem
inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for
the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of
what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological
development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into child ren’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone ”between infant wear and older kids ’clothes. Tt was only after “toddler ”became a commonshoppers’term that it evolved
into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into
ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the
easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author meanspink______.
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood
[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence
[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours ?
[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
[D]White is prefered by babies.
28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological
development was much influenced by_____.
[A]the marketing of products for children
[B]the observation of children's nature
[C]researches into children's behavior
[D]studies of childhood consumption
29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.
[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
[B]attach equal importance to different genders
[C]classify consumers into smaller groups
[D]create some common shoppers' terms
30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
[D]well interpreted by psychological experts
Text 3
In 2010.a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were
parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO) , a trade group ,assured membersthat this was just a “preliminary step ” in a longer battle.
On J uly 29th they were relieved , at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision ,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive
of Myriad , a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine , the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make
three main arguments against gene patents : a gene is a product of nature , so it may not be patented ; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it ; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing
number seem to https://www.sodocs.net/doc/109416164.html,st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related
to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad
case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature...
than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision ,big questions remain unanswered. For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genomeviolates the patents
of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.
AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/109416164.html,panies are unlikely to file manymore patents for humanDNAmolecules-most
are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes
intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of
disease or predict a drug ’s effi cacy,companies are eager to win patents for
‘connecting the dits ’,expaainshanssauer,alawyer for the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently
held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
31.itcanbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----
A.their executives to be active
B.judges to rule out gene patenting
C.genes to be patcntablc
D.the BIO to issue a warning
32.those who are against gene patents believe that----
A.genetic tests are not reliable
B.only man-made products are patentable
C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon
D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests
33.according to hanssauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----
A.establishing disease comelations
B.discovering gene interactions
C.drawing pictures of genes
D.identifying human DNA
34.By saying “each meeting was packed ”(line4,para6)the author means that
-----
A.thesupreme court was authoritative
B.the BIO was a powerful organization
C.gene patenting was a great concern
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/109416164.html,wyers were keen to attend conventiongs
35.generally speaking ,the author ’s attit ude toward gene patenting is----
A.critical
B.supportive
C.scornful
D.objective
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,
it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young
adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the
character of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national
economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had
improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects,
perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary
end to an era of reckless personal spending.
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman
argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation
or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,
and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.
Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and
classes.
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in
this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,
and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The
research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that
not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.
In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment ,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society ’s character. In many respects,
the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown
mixed results. Wewill have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.
36.By saying “to find silver linings ”(Line 1,Para.2 )the author suggest that the jobless try to___.
[A]seek subsidies from the govemment
[B]explore reasons for the unermployment
[C]make profits from the troubled economy
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.
[A]realize the national dream
[B]struggle against each other
[C]challenge their lifestyle
[D]reconsider their lifestyle
38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B]bring out more evils of human nature
[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D]ease conflicts between races and classes
39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others ’
[D]recover more quickly than the others
40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.
[A]certain
[B]positive
[C]trivial
[D]destructive
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from
the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right
column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)
“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world,
is at botto m t he History of the Great Men w ho have worked here, ” wrote the Victorian
sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from
forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant
recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his
rambling writing De VirisIllustribus –On F amous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering
fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which
NiccoloMachiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning,
ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills
of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's
personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author
Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers ,
industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power
of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing
in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wroteSmiles."what
it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working
man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies
on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.
These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense
wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that. ”And
history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such,
it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power
relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do
not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by
themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the
past. ”
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In
place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric
Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new
realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened
up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public
history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
[A] emphasized the virtue of classical
heroes.
41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the
leading artists.
42. NiccoloMachiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose
lives were hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of
understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story
of the masses and their record of struggle.
45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for
successful leaders.
[G] depicted the worthy lives of
engineer industrialists and explorers.
Section III Translation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation
on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually
concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley
or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers
that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration
rules that privilege college graduates .
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries
are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found
that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with
around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered
policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving
them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their
universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for
their factories to make .
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you
bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service
center to
1)make a complaint and
2)demand a prompt solution
You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhangwei "instead .
48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should
1)describe the table ,and
2)give your comments
You should write at least 150 words(15points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
年龄-------满意
满意不清楚不满意度
小于等于40 岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3%
41-50 岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%
大于50 岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%
2012 考研英语二海天考研完整参考答案
完形填空:
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.C
8.A
9.D 10.B
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B
16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D
TEXT1:
21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D
TEXT2:
26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C
TEXT3:
31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D
TEXT4:
36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A
新题型:
41-45 :AFGCE
小作文范文:
Dear Sir or Madame,
As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter
to express my complaint against the flaws in your product —an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.
The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery
promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me
feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the
keyboard do not work.
I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective
measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.
I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei