高考英语单项填空知识点总结复习(含答案精品)

高考英语单项填空知识点总结复习（含答案精品）

高考单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。

1.句子结构还原法

英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：

1）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句

(1) What great difficulty we had_____ her!

A. persuade

B. to persuade

C. persuading

D. persuaded

分析：C。易选D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty______ her.由have difficulty(in) doing sth.知C项符合条件。

(2) Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained

分析：A。易选D，考生依据常见搭配the reason why；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语序，即：this is the reason_____ at the meeting ...。he explained前省略了一个that，that引导的是一个定语从句。

(3) Who would you rather have________the report instead of you?

A. to write

B. write

C. writing

D. written

2）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序

(3) Mary thought that it was______ that Jane did her to lend her the beautiful car.

A. possible

B. kind

C. necessary

D. a favor

分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her______ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个忙”,由此可以确定D为正确答案?

(4)______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

A. only if; will you

B. Only if; you will

C. Unless; will you

D. Unless; you will

分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正常语序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选A。

3）将省略句还原为完整句

省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等

常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解

的目的。

(1)—Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.

A. has joined

B. joins

C. had joined

D. joined

分析：D。该题考查since时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为：Yes, I have known since she _____ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since的从句常用一般过去时。

(2) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and __________.

A. the other is white

B. another white

C. the other white

D. another is white

分析：C。易选A或D两项。C项补充完整应是the other should be painted white。A项中少了painted，B及D项中不能用another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一

面只能用the other。

(3) When first _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D项为进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。

(4)---What should I do with this passage?

----_________the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Find out

B. Finding out

C. To find out

D. Having find out

(5)-----What made her so sad?

-----_____________.

A. She lost her money

B. Losing her money

C. She had lost her money

D. Because she lost her money

(6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _________,will open to the public.

A. to be finished

B. finished

C. finishing

D. having been finished

4）将冗长题干还原为简单题干

命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。

(1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2020上海春招)

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语I thought可以舍去不看，at

后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填what。What在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D项that在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。

(2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. to carry out

D. carried out

分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和They

would like to see the plan_______ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动意义,从而可以判断出C项为正确答案?

(3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _______on a new look as rencently as last year.

A. on has taken

B. has taken

C. on having taken

D. having taken

(4)It’s dangerous to let children who are ________go swimming in the river.

A. too young to

B. so young

C. not old enough to

D. so old

(5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_______.

A. was worth reading

B. was worth to be read

C. being worth reading

D. be worth reading

(6)Is _____48 hours _____that man-made satellite_______is made in our country to orbit the planet around?

A. it; that; where

B. it; when ; that

C. it for; that it takes; that

D. it ; that it takes; which

5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干

The teacher said time should be made good use of _______ our lessons well.

A. learning

B. learn

C. to learn

D. being learned

分析：C。考生易选A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：The teacher said we should make good use of time _______ our lessons well.很明显空白处

所填应表示目的。

2.语境分析法

语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。

(1) —Could I ask you a rather personal question?

—Sure, ____.

A. pardon me

B. go ahead

C. good idea

D. forget it

分析：B。由答语sure推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead这里意为“问吧”。

(2) —Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.

—Good evening. ______________?

A. Do you still have a room for tonight

B. What would you like, please

C. Is there anything I can do for you

D. Who is that speaking, please

分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan Hotel.是旅馆前台人员的回答，故应排除B、C两项。由第一句可知，后者应试电话者，故只能是咨询“是否有房间？”因而A项符合语境。D项与宾馆无关。

(3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is found ______ in the kitchen.

A. smoke

B. smoking

C. to smoke

D. smoked

分析：B。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作,过去分词表示完成?被动的动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作?从语境“倘若厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟,他将马上被开除”可知,选项B为正确答案?

(4)-----You were out when I dropped in on you this morning.

------I _________for the airport to see a friend off.

A. have left

B. left

C. had left

D. was leaving

(5)I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with_______.

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

3. 标点暗示法

标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之地。它在单选题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构时。其中分号有并列连词的功能。高中阶段的并列连词有and, but ,so for ,or .看到并列连词说明两个句子是并列的，如果没有并列连词，就要考虑用从句，非谓语动词，独立主格结构等。破折号表示解释说明。

(1) ________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail

B. Failed

C. To fail

D. Having failed

分析：D该题考查非谓语动词。由题中的逗号可知，前面应是一个非谓语动词结构而非句子，we与fail形成主动关系，且“失败”发生在“发email”之前，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。

(2) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.

A. most of them

B. most of which

C. most of what

D. most of that

分析：B。该题考查非限制性定语从句。因为题干中逗号没有连词，所以不可能是个并列句，由此排除A项；又因为what, that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。

(3)Please do me a favour-------________my roommate David that I am leaving for Shanghai and stay there for two days.

A. to inform

B. informing

C. inform

D. informed

(4)①Not far from the club there was a garden, ________owner seated in it

playing games with his childen every afternoon.

②Not far from the club there was a garden, ________owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.

③Not far from the club there was a garden, and________owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.

A.whose

B.its

C.which

D.that

(5) He wrote five novels, two of _______translated into English.

He wrote five novels, two of _______ were translated into English.

He wrote five novels, and two of _______ were translated into English.

A. it

B. them

C. which

D. that

4.突破思维定式法(防止有陷阱就往里跳)

思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中，注意正确理解句意，克服思维定势才是解题的关键。

(1) _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

A. Completing

B. Complete

C. Completed

D. To complete

分析：D。此题考生易选A。究其原因，他们认为complete和we形成主动关系，故而用现在分词结构，却不知此处是表示目的。

(2) _____ is known to us all is that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.

A. It

B. What

C. As

D. Which

分析：B。该题考察名词性从句。考生易选A或C，误把it当初形式主语，或将题目看成常见的as is known to …引导的非限制性定语从句，而没有看清前面是个主语从句且主语从句中又少主语，这里只有what有这个功能。

(3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_______ my spare time. (NMET 2001) A. from B. in C. of D. at

分析：C。很多考生误选了B项?考生是受了in one’s spare time这个习惯搭配的干扰而不知道此处的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,即部分与整体的关系?

(4)We should stop pollution_________ longer.

A.from living

B.to live

C.living D will live

（5）Peter was so excited ________he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing

A．where B.that C.why D.when

(6)We should do more such exercises in the future , I think, ______those we did yesterday.

A.as

B.like

C.about

D.than

(9)-Where did you get the information of the course?

-It was on the Internet_____different types of courses are advertised.

A. that

B. where

C. whose

D. which

(10)Mr. King, ________car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friend’s father.

A. whose

B. in whose

C. which

D. in which

(11)We could not afford to buy the books because ______of us had _____money on us.

A. all ; no

B. none ; any

C. any; no

D. no one; any

(12) Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______the environment safer.

高中英语语法填空技巧及口诀

高中英语语法填空技巧及口诀 1英语语法填空技巧 1、名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例：there are many students living at school， the(child)houses are all far from schoo1. 由students一词能够判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的 所有格children’s。 2、动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓 语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例：a talk(give)tomorrow is written by profess or zhang. 句中的iswritten是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词理应用作非谓语。从tomorrow能够看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式;且报 告是give动作的承受者，故能够判断出横线所在处用give的不定式 被动式——to be given。 3、代词形式变化。 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化相关的三大类五小类，即人称代词 (主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有 几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。 例：the kingd ecided to see the painter by(he). 由介词by能够看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

4、形容词、副词比较级变化。 英语中绝大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和级的变化。构成比较级和级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est，或在词前 imore/less和most/least，且形容词的级还要冠以the。 例：i am——(tall)than liu wen.he is the tallest students in myclass. 此题后句交代了liuwen是班上的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以 不能用taller，只能用表示水准不如的“lesstall”。 2英语语法填空口诀 1、接不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse 设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择：petend，choose 2、句子种类口诀 句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。陈述用来叙述一件事。 疑问主要用来提问题。 祈使表达命令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。上述九是句种之定义。 祈使主语you被抛弃。 若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加don’t是正理 3、冠词基本用法 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an，

高考英语单项填空的特点

高考英语单项填空的特点 高考英语的单项填空题部分通常为15 个小题，每个小题由题干和 4 个备选答案组成。题干或是由一问一答构成的一个对话，或是由意义明确的一个或几个句子构成，要求考生从4 个备选答案中选出一个适合空白处的最佳答案。近年高考英语的单项填空题呈现以下特点： 1. 注重实用性，在具体语境中考查常用句型和固定词组注重实用性，在具体语境中考查常用句型和固定词组 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. (全国卷) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 解析：该题考查非谓语动词的用法，把对常用句型的考查融入了情景之中。学生对find sb doing 句型非常熟悉，而本题则考查此句型在被动结构中的应用，这样试题具备了较高的区分度。因现在分词smoking 在句中做主语补足语，故最佳答案为B在句中做主语补足语，故最佳答案为。—Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to… —Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it! (全国卷) A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t 解析：该题考查祈使句的使用。根据语境可知题干部分为祈使句。Mr Parker解析：该题考查祈font-family: 'Times New Roman'">显然对对方在道歉时称呼他为Joe 感到不满，觉得没有受到应有的尊重，提醒对方要注意自己的身份。祈使句通常省略主语，而本题强调说话人强烈的感情色彩，保留了句子的主语you，故最佳答案为D。 2. 重视考查动词，包括动词时态、非谓语动词、情态动词、动词(词组)辨析等 Let’s keep to the point or we _______ any decisions. (全国卷) A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach &nng=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMIL Y: 'Times New Roman'">C. never reach bsp; D. never reached 解析：本题考查时态的正确使用。“祈使句(或名词词组) + and / or + 并列句”是一种常见的句型，and (或or)后的并列句中，谓语动词多用将来时或用情态动词，故最佳答案为A后的并列句中，谓语动词多用将来时或用情态动词，故最佳答案为。 —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? (全国卷)—That _______ me fine. A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits 解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。fit 指“(物品)大小合适；(形状)吻合”；meet 指“满足(某

高考英语语法知识点总结

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2014年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编(整理)

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高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

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