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英汉翻译复习资料

英汉翻译复习资料
英汉翻译复习资料

填空题复习资料:

1.翻译人才在中国古代被称作象寄之才/象胥/舌人。

2.东晋时期的道安提出 “按本而传”的翻译思想,被人们称为直译的鼻祖。

3.六朝时期鸠摩罗什曾提出“改梵为秦,失其藻蔚,虽得大意,殊隔文体,有似嚼饭与人,非徒失味,乃令呕哕也。”主张“依实出华。”

被人们称为意译的鼻祖。

4.《春秋谷梁传》中记载了孔子的“名从主人,物从中国”的翻译思想,而该译论比古罗马哲人西塞罗提出的“不要逐字翻译”早四五百年。

5.三国时期的支谦所作《法句经序》被看作是我国第一篇有关翻译的论文。钱钟书在其《管锥编》中指出:“严复译《天演论》牟例所

标:‘译事三难:信、达、雅’,三字皆已见此序。”

6.中国译学理论中不同时期的翻译标准可大致描述为:案本—求信—神似—化境—忠实,通顺—翻译标准多元互补论。

7. 按翻译题材,翻译可分为文学翻译、政论翻译、应用文翻译和科技翻译。

8.20世纪50年代初,傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中提出了“所求的不在形似而在神似”的重要观点;60年代初,钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出了“化境”的翻译标准。

9. Translations are like women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful. 此比喻与我国老子的一个说法不谋而合。老子说:“信言不美、美言不信”。

10.20世纪90年代,美籍意大利学者韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti )提出了抵抗式翻译/反翻译resistance translation翻译理论,该理论对于提高译者的地位很有帮助,但还不足以构成新的范式。

11.斯内尔-霍恩比(Mary Snell-Hornby)在其2006年的新著 《翻译研究的多重转向》中介绍:20世纪80年代,西方翻译研究出现文化转向;90年代出现实证论转向和全球化转向;而进入新世纪,翻译研究又回到了语言学时代,出现了“U字形转向”(U-turn)。

12. 1964年, 奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》(Toward a Science of Translating)一书中将译文读者引入翻译标准,提出了功能翻译(Functional Equivalence)(请用中英文填写)的翻译原则。

13.辜正坤在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”,在该理论体系中,提出了翻译的最高标准是最佳近似度,这是一个形同虚设的抽象标准,真正有意义的是一大群具体标准。

14.英汉两种语言在主述位结构上有差别。英语属主语显著(subject-prominent)语言,汉语属主题显著(topic-prominent)语言。(请用中英文填写)

15.英语句子以动词为核心,形成一个复杂严谨的空间型构造,而关系词/连接词是粘合这种空间型构造的水泥。汉语多流水句,一小句接一小句,很多地方可断可连;相对而言,汉语显得有些结构松弛。16.翻译的过程可分为: 理解、表达和校核。

17. 英译汉常用的方法和技巧中词语翻译的方法技巧有:词义的选择、引申和褒贬、词类转译法、增词法、重复法、省略法和正反互译法等。

18.翻译按源出语和目的语,可分为语内翻译(intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation)和符际翻译(intersemiotic translation)。(请用中英文填写)

19. 我国翻译的历史起源于对佛经的翻译。

20. 我国历史上的佛经翻译三大家指的是鸠摩罗什、真谛和玄奘。

21. 佛经翻译家鸠摩罗什一改以前佛经翻译古直的风格,提倡意译佛经,因此他的译著有“天然西域之语趣”。

22. 翻译家玄奘把老子著作的一部分译成梵文,成为第一个把汉文著作介绍到国外的中国人。

23. 根据Roman Jakobson对翻译的分类,古文译成现代文属于语内翻译intralingual translation。

24.《巴黎茶花女遗事》、《黑奴吁天录》、《块肉余生述》等等是林纾的译著。

25. Nida(奈达)的动态对等dynamic equivalence翻译理论,关注读者反应,认为译文读者或译入语听众对于译文或译语的反应,要和原文读者或原文讲话听众对于原文或原讲话的反应大体一致。

26. 鲁迅的翻译观点:“凡是翻译,必须兼顾两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保持原作的丰姿。”

27. 严复认为:“译事三难信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣。顾信矣不达。虽译犹不译也。则达尚焉。…易曰修辞立诚。子曰辞达而已。又曰言之无文,行之不远。三者乃文章正轨,亦即为译事楷模。故信达而外,求其尔雅。” 他提出的翻译标准“信、达、雅”流传至今,仍有强大生命力。

28. “文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算入于‘化境’。这是钱钟书提出的翻译化境说。29. 傅雷认为“以效果而论, 翻译应当像临画一样,所求得不在形似而在神似(similarity in spirit)。” 他的翻译观称为翻译神似

论。

30. The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

英国学者Tytler泰特勒提出的“翻译三原则”被认为和严复的“信达雅”翻译标准有异曲同工之妙。

31. 英语句法结构重形合(hypotaxis),句中各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语,以表示其结构关系。汉语句法结构重意合(parataxis),句中各成分的相互结合多依靠语义的贯通,语境的映衬,少用连接词语。

32. 英语的静态修辞实质是名词和介词词类优势。汉语整体上呈现动态,是由其动词词类优势造成的。

33. 西方客体型的思维方式导致英语语言中大量使用无生命的名词做主语。例如:An idea suddenly struck me. 和What has happened to you?

34. 汉语中存在着大量的无主句和主语省略句,主语“用得着就用,用不着就不用,只要能使人听懂说话人的意思,就算了”。这说明汉语是主题显著topic-prominent的语言。

35. 受西方哲学“主客二分”思想的影响,英语语言严格区分主客观,大量使用被动语态。受中国传统哲学影响,汉语语言多以人做主语,大量使用主动语态。

36.英汉语在表达语义重心方面有所不同。一般说来,英语句子以前重心居多,而汉语句子多后重心。

改译题复习资料:

1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。

2. Its wings, as the photographs had indicated, were its most startling feature except that the photographs hadn’t prepared us for the actuality.

就象照片上所展示的那样,机翼是它最令人吃惊的部分, 只是照片上无法看出实物的大小罢了。

3. Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.

简并不是因为想赚钱才下力气干的。

4. Rubber is a better dielectric but a poorer insulator than air.

橡胶的介电性比空气好,绝缘性比空气差。

5. It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.

当您认识到您的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时,您就会为自己增添力量的。

6. Marianne’s preserver, as Margaret, with more elegance than precision, styled Willoughby, called at the cottage early the next morning to make his personal enquiries.

玛丽安的救命恩人(这是玛格丽特对威洛比言过其实的美称),第二天一早就到乡舍来问安。

7. The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a superiority of six to one, simply could not keep to schedule and lost 60.000 men in one day.

这只步兵尽管在数量上享有六比一的优势,但由于负担太重,完全不能按时行动,因而在一天内就损失了六万人。

8. I had not known him for 20 years without learning that he always kept in upper-left pocket of his waistcoat the little book in which he put down his engagement.

我认识他已有二十年,我知道在他马甲的左上方口袋里,总是放着一本小册子,里面写着他的约会安排。

9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again.

家务事的第一个特点是反反复复。几乎天天都有,而且做完之后,过一段时间又要重做一番。

10. Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.

当然,企业管理人员如想做出明智的抉择,必须懂得数学。

11. In the evening, after the banquets, the concert and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final contract.

晚上参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演后,他还得起草最后的合同。

12. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the train.

一位穿得考究,外表和谈吐象美国人的男人上了火车。

13. I was standing beside his bed and he was sitting up between the sheets, clad in his underwear, with a cigarette in his fingers.

我站在他床边,而他只穿内衣,裹着被单坐着,手里拿只烟。

14. One day when Diana was 12 years old, one of her legs collapsed under her.

戴安娜12岁时,有一天她一条腿一软,突然摔倒了。

15. It is so easy now to see the irony of smoking: Children do it to be like adults, who smoke but wish they didn’t.

如今,吸烟的讽刺意味是显而易见的——孩子们抽烟是为了模仿大人,而吸烟的大人们却后悔自己学会了吸烟。

16. Eczema may be found in all age groups and in both sexes.

男女老少都可患湿疹。

17. He is in full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history.

他深信,只有对历史加以透彻研究才能真正学到知识。

18. Darkness released him from his last restraints.

在黑暗中,他就再也没有什么顾忌了。

19. He crashed down on a protesting chair.

他猛然坐到一把椅子上,椅子被压得吱吱作响。

20. The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.

气候变化,他仅稍稍作了一点变通,赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

21. A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.

有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。

22. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.

读者为了满足自己的渴望,越读越想读,直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。

23. He thinks by infection, catching an opinion like a cold.

人家怎么想他就怎么想,就像人家得了伤风,他就染上感冒。

24. I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.

我读过你的文章,但没料想你会这样年轻。

25. But there had been too much publicity about my case.

但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。

26. You are the last man I would marry in the world.

全世界的男人都死光了,我也不会嫁给你。

27. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

报考大学的人,有工作经验的,优先录取。

28. Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.

智者未雨绸缪,愚者临渴掘井。

29. Even the pine logs which burned all day in the fireplace couldn’t keep my little house warm and dry. 火炉里成天烧着松柴,可我的小屋还是又冷又潮。

30. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.

昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷,声音就象把猪赶到市场一样。

31. General Smith and my father are on first name basis.

史密斯将军和我的父亲是直呼名字的知交。

32. The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run electric motors, is almost unbelievable.

鱼能发电,其电量足以点亮小灯泡,甚至能开动马达,这种想法简直是令人难以相信的。

33. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

因为距离远,交通工具缺乏,使农村社会与外界隔绝。这种隔绝,由于通讯工具的不足,而变得更加严重。

34. The present crisis in that country is no ordinary economic crisis which will pass away in time leaving everything much as it was before.

一:一般性经济危机过一段时间就会结束,然后一切恢复如初,但该国的这场危机绝非一般性危机。

二:这个国家当前的危机根本不是一般的经济危机,它不会过些时候就一切恢复如初。

35. No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.

哪儿挤脚,穿鞋人最清楚。

36. The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.

游击队员宁愿战斗到死,而绝不投降。

37. After several blocks, he found an empty park bench.

过了几个街区,他发现一条公园里的长凳,空着没人坐。

38. Tom leaped to his feet, moving with surprising agility.

汤姆猛地站了起来,动作异常敏捷。

39. Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be cause for immediate dismissal.

任何政府官员,如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为,必须立即予以开除。

40. A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content.

有些照片技术高超,内容有趣,值得一提。

41. I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time.

我向来不大想看到你,我们两人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。

42. A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out.

有了儿子,又要工作,又要做家务,就不能卿卿我我了。

43. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the Universe.

火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

44. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

他想学习,追求知识,并且把自己的知识教给别人。

45. New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on those reported plans.

新西兰不知道这件事,也没有人同它商讨过这些传闻的计划。

自考英语翻译历年真题第二大题汇总及答案

2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation(20 points,1 point for each) A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人17.country-wide trade全国贸易18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle 30.游记Travel notes 31.祥林嫂Xiang Lin's wife 32.排队to stand in a queue to line up 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.董事会Board of directors 35.深刻影响 Profound impact 2011 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) 16. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会17. birth defect先天性生理缺陷 18. applied entomology应用昆虫学 19. member state会员国、成员国 20. maternity hospital 妇产医院21. over-the-counter medicine非处方药 22. green belt 防护林、绿化带23. inland waters内陆水域 24. room temperature 室温、常温25. debt chain三角债、债务链 B. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English. (Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)

自考英汉翻译教程重点-推荐下载

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