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高考英语易混易错词汇、短语辨析大全

高考英语易混易错词汇、短语辨析大全
高考英语易混易错词汇、短语辨析大全

A

about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。

about 系常用词, 如:

look about 四处看。

around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里around没有 about正式, 如:

travel around 各处旅行

round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:

She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。

I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。

另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:

[英] Winter comes round.

[美] Winter comes around.

above all;after all;at all

above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:

After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。

He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。

He failed after all.他终于失败了。

at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:

He doesn”t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。

Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?

If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。

I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。

add; add to; add…to; add up to

add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如:

If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water.如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。After a short while, he added that he would try his best.过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。

add to意为“增添,增加,增进”。如:

The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。

add...to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如:

Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。

add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态。如:

All his school education added up to no more than one year.他的学校教育加起来不过一年。

affair; thing; matter; business

affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。

thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。

matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。

business作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。

a great deal; a great deal of

a great deal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如:

A great deal has been studied and this is the best way.经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。

We are a great deal cleverer than before.我们比以前聪明多了。

a great deal of意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如:

A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.

大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。

agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that

agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。

agree to有两层含义和用法:

其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。

其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:They have a greed to our plan.他们已同意我们的计划。

agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:

He agreed with my opinions.他同意了我的意见。

We agreed with what he said at the meeting.我们同意他在会上讲的话。

agree that作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如:

I agree that your composition is very good.我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。

allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如: Please let me walk with you (=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.结构中。

although; though; as

三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though 较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:

状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:

Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。

as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:

Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。

注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:

Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。

though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:

They said they would come; they did not, though.他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。

although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:

I believe you are on duty—even though you”re in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。

among/between

这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。

例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。

Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.

瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。

argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。

argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:

I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.

我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。

debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:

We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。

dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如: Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。

argue;quarrel;discuss

这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。

argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如:

We heard them arguing in the other room.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。

另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如:

We argued with them about this problem for a long time.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。

quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如:

He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。

discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如:

We”ll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。

as (so) far as; as (so) long as

as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned 是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:

As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。

There is nothing that we can”t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。

As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.

就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。

asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。

如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。

再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。

a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋

assert,affirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。A.Despite all the policeman”s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.

B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people”s health.C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.Answers: A. affirmed affirmed assert assert maintained

as though;even though;though

as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:

He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。

It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。

even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:

He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。

He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。

at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term.学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如:In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics.起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。

attack assail assault charge beset

都含有"攻击"的意思。

attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:

Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:

The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。

assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。

charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:

The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。

beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如:

In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。

at the age of/by the age of at the age of表示“在……岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如:

At the age of six,he began to learn English.他六岁的时候开始学英语。

She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。

by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如:

By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car.到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车。

You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen.

到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2000多个英语单词。

at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time

at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time.当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。

有时,at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如:

Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖

1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?

It happened at the time of King Alfred.事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。

at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:

In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time

(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded. at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:

They used to be good friends at one time.他们曾经是好朋友。

at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:

Don”t speak all at once.One at a time, please.不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time.这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。

at ... speed / with ... speed

at the speed of或者at ... speed,意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如:

Our car was running with all speed on the expressway.我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。

The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second.长征二号火箭以每秒钟11.2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。

B

because/since/as/for 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。

如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。

as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:

As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。

Since everyone is here,let”s start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:

There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.

教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)

believe;believe in

believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如:

I believe what he says.我相信他的话。

I believe that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。

believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如:

They believe in God.他们信仰上帝。

I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多锻炼有好处。

believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比较:

I believe in him(I think he is a trustworthy man).我信任他。

I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的话。

belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。

belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如:

belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。

faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如:

I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。

trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如:

enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。

confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如:

She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。

besides;except;but

三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides 意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:

All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。

except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:

I”ll do everything except/but cook.除了做饭,我什么事情都干。

This window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。

用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:

There aren”t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.

除了你,没人能做这工作。

be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形;

be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式复合结构。

be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”; be anxious that 表示“渴望”,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;

[EXERCISES]

①I ____ the result of the examination.

②We ____ know the result of the examination.

③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English.

④Mr Li ____ a new car.

⑤They ____ arrive home before dark.

(Key: ①am anxious about/for for ②are anxious to are anxious to ③are anxious for are anxious for④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)

1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best.

Key: 1) was/is anxious for is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to )are anxious for

5) are anxious that

be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in

be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。

We”re sure you”ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。

be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.

盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。

be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如:

He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。

He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things.

人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。

be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。如:

He is well-known in the town where he was born.他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。

be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of be made of 表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。 be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物”。 be made from表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。 be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。 be made up of表示“由……构成(组成)”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。【练习】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。①This bike This bik Tianjin.②This table wood.③The car 1999.④Paper wood.⑤The kite The kit my mother.⑥The team ten members.【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up of be used for/be used as/be used by be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用来作……”,后面接名词或v -ing,其中for表示目的。 be used as表示“作为……而用”或“用作……”,后面接名词或动词不定式,强调使用的工具及手段。 be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。【练习】用be used for,be used as或be used by填空。①A telephone A telephon better communication(交流).②The motorbike Liu Ming.③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open.【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as

be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to

1) The manager ___ you before.

2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong.

3) I ___ seeing so many students present.

4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article.

析:①was pleased with。表示“对……满意;喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。

②be pleased to。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形。

③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴,”后面接指事的名词或v-ing。④is pleased at(或about)。解析同③。

be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth. be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,后可跟时间状语。如:

You”re to hand in your papers by 10 o”clock.十点钟以前你得交上试卷。

be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动作,它通常不与时间状语连用。如:I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去,这时有人敲门。

be going to do sth.有三层含义:

①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如:

We”re going to spend our holidays in Wales this year.今年我们打算到威尔士度假。

②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如:

I”m going to be twenty next month.下个月我就二十岁了。

③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如:

Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm.瞧那些乌云,暴风雨就要来了。

beat; strike; hit

strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使……着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓,咬,或(钟)敲响”。

hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”,“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。

beat着重“连续地打击”。如:殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。

blame; scold

blame“责备;责怪”,指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如:

He blamed Tom for the failure.他责怪汤姆造成了失败。

Don”t blame it on him, but on me.别怪他,该怪我。

scold“责骂”,指唠唠叨叨地数说某人,多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如:

Don”t scold the child.It”s not his fault.不要责骂那孩子,这不是他的过失。

I hate to scold, son, but you mustn”t stay out so late at night.

我不喜欢斥责,孩子,可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。

blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blow over表示“ 暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。

[EXERCISES]

1) The high winds yesterday _____ thousands of trees. 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _____. 3) I had my hat ____ by the wind. 4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown i

break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through

break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。

break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。

break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。

break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然……起来”。

break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”,其中in是副词。

break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”,常与from连用。

break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。

[练]

①He said his computer _____.

②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(废铁).

③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown”s house and took away many things.

④A fire ____ after we had gone home.

⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking.

⑥You must ____ from bad habits.

⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds.

⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night.

⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago.

⑩The ice began to ____ on the river.

(Key:①had broken down had broken down ②broken up broken up ③broke into broke into ④broke out broke out ⑤breaks in breaks in ⑥break away y ⑦broke through broke through ⑧broke in broke in ⑨broke down broke down ⑩break up) bring on;bring in;bring out

bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如:

Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks up the dishes after meals.汤姆常常端上饭菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。

The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again.天气突然变冷,使他再次感冒。

bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如:

His new business brings in 1,000 dollars.他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。

We also brought in some words from English.我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。

bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如:

He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出枪来指着我。

Bring out the meaning more clearly.请把意思讲清楚些。

They have brought out a set of children”s books.他们出版了一套儿童读物。

bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in bring down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”; bring back表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”; bring

“赚入”、

“获利”、“把......拿“养育”; bring in表示“把......引进来”、

up表示“呕吐出”、

进来”、“吸收”。

[EXERCISES]

1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ____ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____$500 a week. 8) You must manage to _____ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back Key: 1) brings back2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down ) brought back ) brought back 7) is bringing in 8)

bring down

broad; wide

两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意,但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围(如肩、背、胸等的宽),还可表示“宽宏大量”;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如:

Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.

看着那个新型相机,那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。

He”s a broad-minded person; he”ll never be disappointed by such a small failure.他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。

but/however 这两个连词都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分,表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。如:

We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们热爱和平,但我们并不害怕战争。

however转折意味比but弱,连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间,前后用逗号隔开,也可置于句首或句末。如:

Later,however,he decided to go.可是后来他决定去了。

by oneself;oneself

by oneself=alone,without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”;

oneself作同位语,表示强调本人。

试比较:

If you come to my house,I”ll cook for you myself.

如果你来我家,我将亲自下厨。(强调亲手为你做饭)

Can you cook by yourself now?你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作) by sea;by the sea

by sea意为“走海路;坐轮船”,其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式,by与名词间不可用冠词;by the sea意为“在海边”,其中by表示“在……旁边”,by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。如:

They will go to America by sea.他们将坐轮船去美国。

There is a small village by the sea.海边有个小村庄。

请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语:

by ship by ship乘船 by a ship by a ship在一艘轮船旁边

by land by land从陆路 by the land by the land在岸边(在陆地旁边)

by taxi by taxi乘出租车 by the taxi by the taxi在出租车旁边

by road by road从陆路 by the road by the road在路边

C

catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth.

catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如:

The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。

be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如:

I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。

I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。

care about; care for; care; care to care about“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如: He doesn”t care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don”t care about going there.去不去那里,我无所谓。 care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如: Who will care for your children when you are away﹖你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk 你愿意去散步吗?He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else.他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。如: I don”t care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don”t care what you say.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。 care to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。如: I don”t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。

carry off; carry away; carry out 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如: After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle.在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如: Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty.你必须履行你的职责。

carry out; carry on

注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。如:

The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.

几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。

Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.

那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。

cause; reason; excuse

cause意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:

I don”t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。

The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。

reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如:

There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。

Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。

excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因” 也就是我们常说的“借口”。如:

Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。

I haven”t done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill.我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。

cheer/greet/welcome cheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如: The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。 greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如: We

greeted our guests at the gate.我们在大门口迎接客人。 welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如: We welcome the new ideas.我们欢迎新思想。

clear away, clear up, clear off clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。

[EXERCISES]

1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3) clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared u

close;closely close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如:

1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight.

2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.

3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.

4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.

come up; come on; come out

come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如:

The seeds haven”t come up.种子还没发芽。

Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。

come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。如:

I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。

come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如:

When will her new book come out﹖她的新书什么时候出版?

The answer to the math problem came out wrong.这道数学题的结果错了。

complete; finish

finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:

Have you finished your work﹖你的工作完成了吗?

He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。

complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:

He”s never completed a project on time.他从未按时完成过计划。

The bridge is not completed yet.这座桥至今尚未完工。

表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。例如:

He finished school in 1991.他1991年从学校毕业。

The wood-work is beautifully finished.这件木器做得很精细。

注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。

common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。

common强调“常见的”、“不足为奇的”,

如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。

ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,

如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。

general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,

如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.

这本书是为一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。

normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,

如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温

compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to

compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。

如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。

compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:

This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。

compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:

Living here can”t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。

If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them.

如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。

compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:Compared to/with him, you are lucky.与他相比,你是幸运的。

It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now.和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。

cover; interview 两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview 的宾语是人。如: Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。

country; nation; state; land

country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。如:

China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。

注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。如:

After many years abroad, he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。

Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。

nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如:

The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。如:

the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations the law of nations国际公法

a most favored nation a most favored nation最惠国

Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。

state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。如:

In our country, railways are state-owned.在我国铁路为国家所有。

land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如:

This is my native land.I”ll defend it with my life!这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她!

cross; across; crossing

cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。如:

They are crossing the river.他们正在过河。

The idea has just crossed my mind.这个主意是我刚才想到的。

cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。

across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。如:

They pushed the cart across the bridge.他们推着车过桥。

The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。

crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。如:

They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。

cut off; cut up; cut through cut off表示“隔绝”、“断绝”、“(电路)切断”、“剪下”、“砍掉”; cut up表示“切割开来”、“切碎”、“使难过”; cut through表示“凿穿”、“穿过”、“穿透”。

[EXERCISES]

1) The building ____ our view. 2) We are going to ____ the mountain to build

a free way here. 3) She _____ the cake and gave each of us a piece. 4) He ____ some flowers from the bush. Key: 1) cut off Key: 1) cut off 2) cut through

3) cut up 4) cut of

D

daily; everyday; every day daily用作名词意为“日报”如:China Daily《中国日报》用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。 everyday意为“每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。everyday English=daily English日常英语;everyday life=daily life日常生活。 every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。如: He comes here every day.=He comes here daily.他每天来这儿。

damage; destroy; ruin

这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:

damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如:

The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt.汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。

Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。

What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.

他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。

Smoking has damaged his health badly.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。

damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如:

The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。

destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下

不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如:

The big fire destroyed the whole house.这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。

The Nazi wanted to destroy people”s hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi”s dream by the power of people.纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。

ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如:

My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。

The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。

I was ruined by that law case; I”m a ruined man 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。

damp wet dank moist humid 都含"潮湿的"意思。

damp指"轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的", 如:

I don”t like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。

wet 指"含水分或其他液体的"、"湿的", 如:

be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。

dank 指"阴湿的", 如:

a dark dank and chilly cave 一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。

moist指"微湿的"、"湿润的", 常含"不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的"意思, 如: Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。

humid为正式用语, 常表示"空气中湿度大的", 如:

In the east, the air is humid in summer. 在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。

day by day; day after day

day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。如:

It”s getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷了起来。

The boy is getting better day by day.那孩子一天天好了起来。

day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。如:

Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.日子一天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。

I have to do the work day after day.我得天天做这项工作。

deal with; do with; get rid of

get rid of表示“处理”,侧重“消灭;摆脱或清除”;deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what连用,deal with常与how连用。

[练]

①If they are not coming, we can ___ the tickets.

②How did they ____ matters of this sort﹖

③What did you ____ the broken car﹖

④Mr Zhang wrote a book ____ life in England.

⑤We should ____ the weeds in the fields.

(Key: ①get rid of get rid of ②deal with deal with ③do with do with ④dealing with with ⑤get rid of)

demonstrate,illustrate demonstrate 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过推理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、图片等进行说明,

illustrate后常用介词by,with。

A.The lecturer ____ his point with a diagram ont heblackboard.

B.To ____ his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts.

C.These figures clearly ___ the size of the economic problem facing the country.Answers:A.illustrated A.illustrated B.demonstrate C.demonstrat discover;invent;find;find out

invent意为“发明”,指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。

Who invented the telephone?是谁发明电话的?

He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种新的教学方法。

find意为“找到、发现”,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西,着重指找到的结果。

We”ve found oil under the South Sea.我们已在南海发现了石油。

They finally found a way.他们终于找到了办法。

discover意为“发现”,表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。

Columbus discovered America in1492.哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。

We soon discovered the truth.我们很快就弄清了真相。

find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。

[EXERCISES]

1.Edison ____ the electric lamp.

2.I lost my necklace last night.I haven”t ____ it.

3.Who ____ America first?

4.Can you ____ what time the train leaves?

ANSWER: 1.invented invented .found found .discovered discovered .find out disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal 都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。

disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感”, 如:

He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly behavior. 他因为行为不检而为人所不齿。

dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 如:

His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family. 他的投敌行为对他的家庭是耻辱。

shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”, 如

I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为那样浪费太可耻了。infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”, 如:

His name will live in infamy. 他的名字将遗臭万年。

scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“丑事”, 如

Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。

E

ever before;ever since;ever after

ever since意为“从……之后一直”,其中的since既可作副词,也可作连词,该短语与完成时连用。有时ever可以省略。

ever before意为“比以往任何时候”,其中的before为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than

之后。ever用来加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。

ever after意为“从那以后”,其中的after可作连词,也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连用。

[EXERCISES]

1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there ____.

2.The flowers grow more beautiful than ____.

3.The couple lived a hard life ____.

ANSWER: 1.ever since 1.ever since .ever before ever before .ever after except/but 二者意思均为:除……之外。except强调所除外的人(或事物);而but 则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。

如:We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆一人不及格)

Nobody knew her name but me.除我以外,没有人知道他的名字。(强调除“我”知道外,其他人都不知道)

except前常有all,any,every,no及其复合词等;but也常与no,nobody,nothing,all,anywhere等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原形动词,可以互换;但except后还可跟副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。

如:He answered all the questions except/but the last one.除最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。

He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(except 后跟副词)

The window is never opened except in summer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。(except 后跟介词短语)

except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。

如:There aren”t any other people to be considered except/but you.除你之外,其他人将不予考虑。

F

fall off;fall down;fall onto;fall into

fall off用作及物动词,表示“从……上落下,掉下,摔下”。如:

The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall,but that was all.

房子动了动,几幅画从墙上掉了下来,就这些。

He had fallen off a ladder and hurt his leg.他从梯子上摔下来,伤了腿。

有时,它也可用作不及物动词,表示“落下,掉下,脱落”;也可表示“减少,越来越少”。如:

I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off.我看着桌子上的杯子全掉下来。

His supporters were falling off.支持他的人越来越少了。

fall down通常用作不及物动词,表示“(人)跌倒,摔倒,绊倒”或“(房屋等)倒塌”。如:

The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.那老太太在街上跌倒了,摔坏了腿。

fall onto意为“掉到……上”,其中onto为介词,也可用to。如:

The books fell off the desk onto/to the ground.书从桌上掉到了地上。

fall into意为“掉到……里陷入(困难)”等,into是介词。如:

fall into the river 掉进河里

fasten; tie

fasten意为“栓住、捆牢、扎紧”,常用作及物动词(用于fasten ... to...结构时,可以与tie互换,但语气上fasten比tie重);也可用作不及物动词,意为“(把目光、思想、注意力)集中于……”。

tie意为“系、栓、扎”,常用作及物动词,后接其同源宾语tie, knot等;用作不及物动词时,意为“打领带、打领结”。

feed...on;feed...to

feed...to 指“将……喂给……”,feed 后跟表示食物的词;

feed...on 指“用……喂……”,feed 后接表示人或动物的词。如:

What did you feed to the baby just now?你刚才给婴儿喂的什么﹖

I feed the dog on meat.我用肉喂狗。

festival,holiday,vacation festival指盛大的节日,或定期在某地举行的主题节日;如音乐节等。 holiday源自“holy”,原意为“神圣的日子”,或指国家或民族规定的节日。后词意扩展,指一切不工作的日子。 vacation任何节假日或休息日,持续时间较长,主要用于美国。在英国,则着重指法院和大学的假期。

A.The Spring ___ is the most important day in China.

B.Will you spend your ___abroad this year?

C.While I”m away on ___,Mr Smith will take over my job.

Answers: A. Festival A. Festival B.holidays/vacation C.vacatio

finally;at last;in the end 本组词语均有“终于”之意,但有区别。 finally 的用法有二:用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是在“最后”。例如:Finally,turn off the lights and lock the door.最后关上灯锁好门。是用在句中动词前,表示等了好久“终于……”。例如: We waited and waited,and finally they arrived.我们等了又等,(最后)他们终于来了。 at last是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生,强调其结果,其语气和感情色彩较强。At last the project has been completed and we can rest.这项工程终于竣工了,我们可以休息了。 in the end用法有二:*表示经过若干周折或努力而“最后”发生了某事。例如: We did experiment after experiment,and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.我们作了一个又一个实验,(最后)终于在非洲获得了水稻丰收。 *表示预测未来(而finally和at last无此用法)。例如: He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the end.他希望他儿子最终成为一名优秀教师。

find/found/founded find意为“发现、找到”,为动词原形。 found 既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个动词原形,意为“建立、成立、创办”。如: He has already found his watch.他已经找到了手表。 founded为动词found 的过去式和过去分词。如: The school was founded ten years ago.这所学校是十年前创办的。

fit; be fit for; be fit to

fit可用作及物或不及物动词,意为“适合”,“合身”,主要指大小适合。如:

This cap fits me well.这顶帽子很适合我。

The coat doesn”t fit me well.这件大衣不太合身。

另外,fit还有“安装”、“试穿”之意。如:

You can fit this skirt on your daughter.你可以给你的女儿试一下这条裙子。

I will fit my new house with a telephone.我要在新房间装电话。

be fit for意为“适合;能胜任”。其中,fit是形容词,意为“适合的;能胜任的”,for 后面接名词或-ing形式。如:

The water in the well is fit for drinking.这口井里的水可以喝。

The man is not fit for his office.那人不称职。

Your shoes are not fit for traveling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。

be fit to意为“适合;能胜任”。在这个短语中,fit也是形容词,to为动词不定式符号,因此后面只能接动词原形。如:

The food is not fit to eat.这食物不可以吃。

The girl is easy to get angry,so she is not fit to be a nurse.这女孩容易发脾气,因此她不适合当护士。

forbid ban prohibit都含“禁止”的意思。

forbid系常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”, 如:

The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。

ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!

prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”, 如:

The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。

suit;fit;suitable

fit用作及物动词,意为“与……相符、符合;合……身”;用作不及物动词,意为“适合、合身”。多指衣物等尺寸大小合身、合脚。

suit意为“适合”。多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合,穿起来协调、好看;合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。如:

This coat doesn”t suit you.这件外套不适合你。(比较:This coat doesn”t fit you.这件外套不合你的身。)

fit直接可用作形容词,常构成be fit for意为“适于;称职”;suit的形容词为suitable,be suitable for相当于be fit for。另外:suit常用作名词,意为“一套/副(衣服等)”:a man”s suit包括外套 jacket,背心waist coat和裤子trousers,a woman”s suit包括上衣coat和裙子skirt; fit还可作“安装”解。

for example;such as;like such as用来举例说明,通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面。 for example常用来补充说明,表示在众多的例子中仅仅取一、二加以说明、解释。 like是介词,意为“像”。

[EXERCISES]

1.Many books on English study,____ School English are popular among school students.

2.Some students,Wang Lin,____ like country music very much.

3.I”m going to be a pop star ____ Michael Jackson.

ANSWER:1.such as such as .for example for example .like

for the first time;the first time for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。例如: The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.两位女生开学初首次交谈。 the first time 首次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。例如: I knew we

高考英语高分必备:高中英语100组易混易错词汇+100个易错知识点

高考英语高分必备:高中英语100组易混易错词汇+100个易错知识点100组易混易错词汇 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. amount, number amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词 a number of students 3. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 4. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 5. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习Practice makes perfect. 6. officer, official officer部队的军官,official政府官员an army officer 7. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job

8. cook, cooker cook厨师,cooker厨具He is a good cook. 9. problem, question problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer连用 10. a number of, the number of a number of许多,谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 11. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. 12. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 13. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy. 14. three of us, the three of us three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个,the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 15. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus表范围They went there by bus.

高考英语易混易错词汇总结

高考英语易混易错词汇总结 1、clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2、 incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident、 3、 amount, number amount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词a number of students 4、 family, house, home home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员、 My family is a happy one、 5、 sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside、 6、 photo, picture, drawing photo用A照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画Let’s go and see a good picture、 7、 vocabulary, word vocabulary 词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary、 8、 population, people population人口,人数,people具体的人China has a large population、 9、weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you、

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