高级英语一

北语14秋《高级英语I》导学资料一

Unit1, Unit2& Unit3

一、本阶段学习内容概述

各位同学，大家好，本课程第一阶段学习的主要内容为Unit1：Party Politics, Unit2：The New Singles, Unit3：教材课文：Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die? 网络课件课文：Computer Violence中包括课前练习（Warm-up）、单词和词组（New words and phrases）、课文（Text）、课后练习（Exercises）及补充阅读（Supplementary readings）中的指定内容。

课前练习：大家应先了解课前练习的要求，根据已有的知识思考其中问题，或者利用网络与同学开展一些讨论，争取在阅读课文前了解文章主要论述的问题，有利于更好的了解作者的思想观点和思维过程，从而了解文章所反映的思想文化，这样既能提高阅读理解能力又能获取知识和信息。

单词和词组:名词、动词和形容词是词汇练习和记忆中的重要部分。Unit 1、2、3中所列出的新单词绝大部分都是这三类，因此，大家一定要掌握好新单词。要开发利用多种方法记单词，如联想法、音节法、构词法等。单词和词组基本上给出了英语直接释义，可以培养大家英语思维的习惯。如果在阅读释义后还有疑问，一定要查阅英语词典，寻找一些相关的解释来加深对单词的理解和记忆。许多词的释义中给出了若干同义词或近义词，能帮助大家迅速扩大词汇量，同时，课后练习的词汇（Vocabulary Study）部分又给出了一些相关的练习，大家可以在学习完单词和词组后，乘热打铁，立即做词汇练习的第一小题（选择填空）和第二小题（找出意义相近的替代词）这样可以及时巩固所学单词，大概了解这些词的用法，为正确阅读课文打下基础，也能使得练习题做起来不是那么难。

（特别说明：高级英语阶段的学习，提高词汇量和词汇运用能力是一个很大，并且很重要，同时又是比较难的问题，这是我们必须面对的问题，所以，请大家务必花时间多熟悉单词。所谓的磨刀不误砍材功，先熟悉单词和短语，才能流畅的阅读文章。更关键的是，单词和短语在考试中所占比例不少！）

课文：每单元有一篇课文（Unit1：Party Politics, Unit2：The New Singles, Unit3：教材课文：Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die? 网络课件课文：Computer Violence）。在掌握单词和词组之后，阅读课后注释，学习课文的背景资料、作者介绍和相关内容，如人物、事件、地点等的解释，这能帮助大家准确快速的理解文章的内容。在课件资源的帮助下，认真学习课文，包括课文中常用词语和句型的用法。文章比较长，大家一定要有耐心和毅力，坚持就是胜利。在学习完整篇文章后，及时完成课文理解（Comprehension Check）的练习。其中第一小题是根据课文内容选择最佳答案，第二小题是将部分文中的句子用英语注释。只要认真学习了课件资料，相信能很快准确地完成。同时也考察大家对课文理解的程度，督促大家很好的阅读课文。

课后练习：共有四个大题。

1.课文理解（Comprehension Check）：有两个题型。在借助课件学习完课文之后，大家可以先自己做这一部分的练习，然后再看课件，对正答案的同时，再重温课文的大意。

2.词汇（Vocabulary Study）：有两个题型。在学完课文和单词后，大家可以自己先做这一部分的词汇练习，不会做得可以看课件，并牢固掌握，对于补充的单词也要掌握。这样有利于快速扩充词汇量。

3.翻译（Translation）：有的单元是汉译英，有的单元是英译汉。都是一段与课文内容相近的短文。先认真思考，仔细看文章，如果有一定的难度，可以参考课件的解说，然后再组织语言完成翻译练习。

4.写作（Writing）：每单元的写作部分都有对一项英语写作技巧的概括性讲解，对大家提高英语作文的写

作水平很有帮助，建议大家认真阅读，借助文中的示例切实掌握其中的技巧。并完成为该写作技巧设计的与之相

关的写作任务，以期及时巩固、提高大家的学习水平。

补充阅读（Supplementary readings）：有时间和能力的同学可以很好的利用这两篇课文。A篇除了思考

练习外，可以选择部分段落做翻译练习。B篇配有阅读理解练习。

该门课程考试的范围包括unit1—unit9中单词和词组（New words and phrases）、课文（Text）、课后

练习（Exercises）及补充阅读文章（Supplementry readings A&B）中的单词和词组。

二、重难点讲解

以下是对各个单元的语言知识点和课文译文部分：

Unit1：Party Politics

Language Points

1. etiquette, propriety, protocol, decorum (para.1)

These nouns refer to codes governing correct behavior (礼仪、礼节).

etiquette and the plural form proprieties denote the forms of conduct prescribed in polite society.

e.g. ——Man is a slave to etiquette.

——Even when she was angry, she observed the proprieties.

protocol refers to the official etiquette observed in affairs of state. The word now often denotes simply a code of correct conduct:

e.g. ——The visiting prime minister, dispensing with protocol, exchanged informal reminiscences with her neighbor at the table.

—— Graduation exercises had to be consistent with academic protocol.

decorum and the singular form propriety denote conformity with established standards of manners or behavior.

e.g. —— One hour of life, crowded to the full with glorious action is worth whole years of those mean observances of paltry decorum?

—— He was afraid that, from some obscure motive of propriety she would bring Janet with her.

2. socialize (para.1): interact with other people in a social situation.

e.g. ——There will be no socializing during business hours.

—— I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.

3. melee (para.1): a confused, hand-to-hand fighting in a pitched battle or confused, tumultuous mingling, as of a crowd.

e.g. —— The man tried hard to push his way through a melee of bicycles and crowd.

—— During the rush-hour melee, John lost his briefcase.

4. petition (para.1): a solemn request to a superior authority (as a noun) or to ask for or

request formally (as a verb).

e.g. ——The town’ s people sent a petition to the government asking for electric light for the town.

—— They petitioned for an early end to the fighting.

5. looped (para.1): formed into or having a loop or loops; drunk, smashed, inebriated, intoxicated; enthusiastic, keen

e.g. —— You were looped last night. You don't remember what happened.

—— These days he’s looped on rodeos (骑术表演).

6. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren’t any hosts. (para.2) Moreover, at office parties, people don’t feel as if they have to be nice to less popular people because no one person is host.

pesky: troublesome or annoying.

e.g. —— He could not sleep last night because of the pesky mosquito.

—— The pesky weather could only worsen her sorrow and frustration.

7. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody’s feelings need be considered.(para.2) In this sentence, the three “nobody” connotes that everything in the office party is free since there is not any host in the traditional sense.

8. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year.

The office party lets people take advantage of the company’s generosity.

pocket: take as one’s own, often dishonestly; steal

e.g. —— He pocketed a clear hundred on the transaction.

—— I expect the Council will just pocket the proceeds of the sale, not spend it on making improvements to the town.

9.thrill (para.3): to cause to feel a sudden intense sensation (as a verb) or a source or cause of excitement or emotion (as a noun).

e.g. —— The traveler thrilled us with his stories.

—— It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination.

10. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend.(papa. 4)

It's wonderful how you don't have to begrateful to any individual for the company party.

In this sentence, the expression "the once-standard give-and-take" refers to the conventional idea that if one wants to take or gain something he has to give or pay at the same time. The word "no-fault" means being free from duty or obligation, and the word "godsend" means a gift from God.

11.incur (para.5) : to acquire or come into (something usually undesirable).

e.g. ——More than half of these companies incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.

—— His irresponsibility and dishonesty incurred the anger of his friends.

12.Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette(para.6)

This is a metaphorical expression implying that etiquette or appropriate deeds of act are still necessary for the more relaxing occasion such as a party.

13.hang around (para.8) : to spend time idly or to keep company with someone else.

e.g. —— Having no mood to read the books, he hanged around on campus.

——Her parents wanted to know more about the friends their daughter has been hanging around with for the past several months.

14. ingrained (para.8) : being firmly established or deep-seated.

e.g. —— It an ingrained prejudice that intelligence concerns one’s skin color.

—— No one can persuade him to get rid of the ingrained habits of a decade.

15.Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee’s gues.(para.9)

This sentence means that the by way of asking several questions in a careful and clever way the boss finds out that the guest is not one of the employees in the company.

discreet: marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise self-restraint in speech and behavior

e.g. ——The secretary is very discreet. She never tells anyone unconcerned anything about the company's business.

—— One should drive at a discreet distance from the vehicles ahead.

16. a passing acquaintance (para.9): someone with whom one is not very familiar except seeing or greeting for one or two times.

17. Now, the reason the invitation said "and guest" was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself.(para.10)

Now, the invitation says "and guest" because it is hard to keep track of who is still married to whom and what the name of the current spouse is.

In this sentence, "and guest" refers to the expression commonly written on an invitation meaning the partner the invitee is with for attending a party.

18. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.(para.10)

These spouses who did not go to the party would remember this event and accuse the company for encouraging their employees to tell lies. The word immorality in this sentence indicates the act of lying or cheating the spouse.

19. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding

professional and personal time.(para.11)

This sentence implies that generally those who intend to have some romantic affairs will not develop a relation with a colleague of the company because such a behavior will be regarded as inappropriate. And persons who do have such a romantic relation would tend to be criticized as favoring one particular employee over others or mixing business with private life.

favoritism: a display of partiality toward a favored person or group

e.g. —— It was a badly run enterprise where the management appointed people by favoritism.

—— During those years, the joint ventures investing in this special economic development zone enjoyed substantial public favoritism from local government.

meld: to mix or combine

e.g. —— Looking afar from the beach, swimmers could see the white clouds and an azure sky melded.

—— The new prescription is claimed to be a meld of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

20. unreciprocated (para.11): not showing or giving in response or return

e.g. —— The clerk was disappointed when realizing that his business proposal was actually an unreciprocated one.

—— Good wishes should never be unreciprocated.

21. have one’s mind on (para.12): mind or care about something

e.g. —— Peter has his mind on cars, he never talks about anything else.

—— Mary cannot forget her first lover and she will probably have her mind on him for the rest of her life.

22.platitude (para.13): a cliché or banal remark

e.g. —— There is nothing original in his article but a pile of words and expressions full of platitudes.

—— This book on etiquette is no more than water-and- milk platitude.

23.unaccountably (para.13): surprising or not easily explained

e.g. —— The photographer was enraged because his works was unaccountably withdrawn from the gallery.

——The young man had to see the doctor for his recent unaccountably forgetful behavior.

24. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.(para.13) This sentence means that those business-minded employees hope to have a promotion or have their business ideas appreciated or proposals approved by their bosses in a shortest time. But actually the bosses have worked for years to build up the steps or blocks which are intended to avoid employees to make such a request.

spare of: to avoid or to be free from

e.g. —— You might have a relief once you are spared of all the duties.

—— He tried his best to be spared of trouble in this project.

importune: to ask for urgently or repeatedly.

e.g. —— The child importuned the mother to take him to the amusement park again.

—— Don’t give him money. He would only importune more for it from you.

25. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence? (para.14)

This sentence means that the idea of frank and free talk implies one could speak out to the boss without worrying that his career would be affected by the not-so-nice words towards the boss.

26. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. (para.15)

Here is where the company has tricked its employees.

pull a fast on sb: play a trick on someone as in a magic show; to engage in unexpectedly unfair or deceitful behavior to achieve one’s goal

e.g. —— He tried to put a fast one on us, but we outsmarted him.

—— Stossel says that even though the deal might look good on its surface, a closer look reveals the lawyers pulled a fast one.

—— Customers feel Verant has "pulled a fast one on them" and the bitter taste that it has left them with may be too sour to be sweetened anytime soon.

27. let loose (para.15): to give someone freedom or the chance to make changes or be in charge

e.g. —— Who let the teacher loose on that class?

—— An inexperienced politician should not be let loose to run the party.

—— Born in captivity, Chopkins dreams of one day escaping the research lab and really letting loose

28. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate…(para.20)

This sentence implies that it is very difficult to know who and who will come to the party as

a couple.

29. Having to work is enough distraction from one’s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.(para.20) This sentence means that working away from home has affected the close relationship among family members. If the employees’ spouses or friends are not invited to the party, the invitations would not look like the guest lists in the real sense which identify guests together with their agreeable or harmonious partners.

compatibility the ability of existing or performing in harmonious, agreeable, or congenial combination with another or others:

e.g. ——More and more people realize that spending quality time together is one of the best

ways to enhance the compatibility of family relationships.

—— The negotiators have attempted to prove that compatibility between the two political parties is not only possible but also feasible.

30. whoop it up (para.21): to have a wild and enjoyable time usually with drink (alcohol)

e.g. —— Let’s go to the party and whoop it up.

—— The graduates whooped it up all night in the disco.

—— Here are some great photos of Japanese festivals and celebrations! You may find some big surprises on what and how Japanese whoop it up!

31. tell off (para.21): to find fault with someone

e.g. —— The director told John off for being late for work again.

—— If we don't want to be told off, we'd better hurry up in processing the task.

—— If he mentions my toupee (男子假发) once more, I'm going to tell him off

32. counter (para.22): to go against or oppose

e.g. —— It turned out that what he had done countered his promise.

—— To my surprise, she countered my proposal with one of her own

33. outgrow (para.23): to lose or discard in the course of maturation

e.g. ——During the stay in the city all by herself he outgrew her youthful idealism

—— When he turned into his forties, he seemed to outgrow all the bad habits he had formed for years.

34. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative.(para.24)

This sentence means that the smart employee will wear the same or similar style of clothes as that of the boss because they understand that less bold or vulgar dress is safer and will be free from blame and unfavorable judgment by others.

provocative: causing or interest or other emotive reaction

e.g. —— Inspired by the provocative speech delivered by that politician, the demonstrators marched to the city hall to have a sit-in.

—— What the opponents have done are highly provocative.

35. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host.(para.24)

This sentence implies that at office parties the guests could refuse to drink or drink as less as they like without being complained. But at a private party, due to the hospitality of the host and out of politeness, the guests have to drink more than they want to.

36. corner(para.24): to force someone into a difficult or threatening situation

e.g. —— The company was cornered for the last business quarter due to the sluggish market.

—— The police cornered the bank robber in the building.

strand(para.24): to bring into or leave in a difficult or helpless position

e.g. —— The convoy was stranded in the desert.

—— He was stranded in the strange town without money or friends.

课文译文：晚会之道

朱迪丝·马丁

1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。然而，只要将办公室稍做节日般的布置，所有这一切的不愉快即刻会化为其乐融融的喜庆气氛。员工们也很快会陶醉于其中，乐而忘忧。每年一次的圣诞晚会的确具有这种神奇的因素：扔下手头的工作、免费品尝美酒佳肴、还有肆意尽兴的狂欢，所有这一切均将诸如性骚扰之类令人厌恶的工作现实抛到九霄云外。

2. 参加晚会的人也明白这种场合省去了许多麻烦的礼节性应酬。因为没有东道主，所以不必特意感谢什么人，或是费神与缩在角落里没人理睬的客人搭讪。既然不是哪一个人买单（同样也不是哪一个人慷慨地为来宾提供免费私人长途电话），所以哪一个人的感受都不需要考虑。

3. 所有这一切均为盛情款待——每个人都可以欣然接受，就像平日里一直顺手牵羊把办公室的毡头墨水笔放入自家口袋一样。基于公司的企业精神和节日欢庆的气氛，公司此时只希望为员工提供一次狂欢的聚会。而员工出于对公司的忠心，再加上能与老板们工余之际平等相识的兴奋，所以也就乐不可支地享受这一美好时刻。

4. 对那些仍然隐约记得生活中有付出才有获得之理的人而言，这种无忧无虑的公司娱乐简直就像是神赐的福祉。在现今这个罕有免费款待的社会，东道主需要花时间和精力在自己家招待来宾。而来宾也同样负有重任——从回复邀请、应承一切安排，直到礼貌地啧啧称赞晚会举办得无懈可击。

5. 公司娱乐似乎将时间、精力、金钱、个人义务以及与之有关的各种礼节负担统统抛开。组织晚会的人有偿付出，因此，参加晚会的来宾不必担心愧欠人情。一年一次的圣诞节本来就应该让低级别的员工感到一种理想氛围，那就是公司出钱筹办的晚会全年均可免费出席。

6. 先别想得太美了。严肃的礼节小姐可是从来不休假的（职员们，暂且不提雇主们，可真得庆幸自己还算走运，因为她只在晚会委员会任职，未在办公文具和私打公司电话清查委员会工作）。公司晚会有别于私人晚会，但礼节之道却一丁点儿也未变。

7. 如果不讲礼节大家会玩得更开心，那么礼节小姐真该放假休息了。但是在公司晚会礼节清查委员会供职数年以来，礼节小姐意识到，如果人人都任意性情不顾及相应的礼节，晚会往往不会尽如人意。

8. 我们一起来看看这种所谓即兴无忧的娱乐：老板不知道该呆在什么地方才好，他或她在门口徘徊，一心想着与众人打成一片。见到来宾惶恐地盯着自己，然后从边门溜进会场，此番情景足以令热情的老板心灰意冷。但是若采用旧时迎宾队列的方式与每个来宾逐一打招呼，又会显得过分迂腐和拘束。所以说，很少有人不同意员工们长期以来坚信的一条上班信念：觐见上司和尽情享乐最好不要同时发生。

9. 老板急于把握机会，于是顺手抓住身边最近的人，然后滔滔不绝地大讲自己事先反复练习过的一番赞美之辞，盛扬此人对公司的贡献。可是对方的反应却是始料不及。细心询问几句才知此人只是公司一位员工带来的客人，既不在公司工作，又不认识眼前的老板，甚至对方才的盛誉之辞也无动于衷——事实上，此人与邀请人也只是一面之交。这位客人此时需要的不是同行的友情，而是一杯提神的饮料。劳驾老板，请您让路。

10. 另外，邀请函上通常注明“以及佳宾”之类的话，目的是为了避开谁和谁仍是伴侣以及配偶如何称呼

等敏感问题。去年，未婚的员工因为自己的伴侣未曾获邀而愤愤不平；已婚的员工由于自己配偶的称呼不当而牢骚满腹；“夫人”得罪了那些喜欢用“女士”称呼的来宾；冠用丈夫姓氏的太太们冒犯了那些不用丈夫姓氏的太太们。而今年，抱怨又会接踵而来。这次是因为起初没有人告知配偶公司举办晚会的消息，或是配偶被告知晚会不邀请家属参加。然而，事后这些配偶却发现事实并非如此。当然这类抱怨不会源源不断。但是这些配偶会记住此事，并私下斥责公司唆使员工不诚实。

11. 对于那些有意想欺瞒配偶或意欲发展一段浪漫恋情的人而言，情形会怎样呢？他们同样也会惹上来年都难以摆脱的麻烦。这些人之间很少会孳生真正的办公室恋情，因为此类行为难免有待人偏袒和公私混淆之嫌。还有更为糟糕的情形：尽管可以用酗酒过多和情绪兴奋作为托辞，但是上司戏谑一位无动于衷的下属的行为仍会被视为性骚扰；同样，下属对上司做出类似的举动则会被认为蛮勇无知。

12. 有些员工心里只想着工作，在晚会上跃跃欲试地提出自己的业务宏图。他们牢记公司曾倡导的自由交流精神，置身于此时此地，这班人会找到老板以求畅所欲言。而老板此刻正巴不得有人过来同自己打招呼。

13. 然而这些人并不想和老板只说些客套话，他们回应老板的称赞时会说：“给我加工资怎么样？”他们会恳求晋升，并胸有成竹地向老板解释谁应该被炒鱿鱼。接着他们进一步提出改进公司业务的建议，这些建议其实好几年前已经提出，但却不知为何无人赏识。他们试图在短短的一夜之内，逾越老板多年来千辛万苦构筑的用于抵挡这类恳求的层层阶梯和壁垒。

14. 最后——通常在晚会进入尾声阶段——有些人会忽然想起这种轻松的环境正是向上司诤谏的最佳时机。无拘无束、开诚布公不就意味着一吐为快而不必担心影响自己的事业前途吗？

15. 其实在这个问题上员工被公司迷惑了。公司说：“去吧，尽情地娱乐，忘掉工作。”幼稚的人会信以为真。认为这是晚会——一个让人彻底放松、为所欲为的场合，不必担心苛刻的职业行为规则的约束。

16. 即使是那些平日严守上班着装规定的员工，可能也无从知晓哪类晚装在老板们看来低俗不堪。他们会误以为晚会是展示自己大胆而有创意的休闲服饰的好机会。但是不远处的上司们可能正在私下嘀咕，认为穿那种服装的人绝不能被委派出任公司的代表。

17. 更糟糕的是那些尽情取乐、喧闹不止的员工。一个人令他人喜欢或厌恶很可能只取决于这个人的行为举止本身。但是员工在晚会上的行为不再是这种简单的令旁人产生好恶感的表现，而是被用来判断某人是否属于狂暴之徒的标准。

18. 礼节小姐提出上述警告并非旨在破坏公司晚会的快乐气氛。她只想防止晚会毁掉员工的事业前途。而这类问题的解决之道是曾因过分拘束而被晚会摈弃的方法：礼节。

19. 首先需要恢复的礼节是在发出邀请时写明每个受邀人的姓名。以往简单地把每一份请柬按两个人计算的做法既不保险又不能讨好他人。对那些被指明并告知需回复邀请的人而言——当然告知时的语气应尽量中立，表明晚会只是一次款待并非务须之事——他们应该意识到各自分别获邀并需回复是否出席。

20. 谁和谁结伴出席晚会是令礼节小姐和任何一位明智的雇主都感到难以查清楚的事情。不过可以让员工自己填写同行的配偶或朋友的姓名。(公司晚会可以只限于内部员工参加，并在上班时间内举行。但是邀请员工配偶或朋友参加效果会更好。因为外出工作已经疏离了员工同家人密友间的关系，而且平日员工工作时也不会象来宾名单那样按照彼此的意气是否相投进行组合。)

21. 礼节小姐希望上述所言已经表明公司晚会的目的不是任意嬉戏玩闹或是对他人说长道短。那么应该是什么呢？晚会的目的应该是表达对员工的感谢。

22. 这首先需要有一个安排恰当的迎宾队列。虽然许多人认为这种方式简直是活受罪，但一直以来却是每位来宾得以被大人物认识的最好方法。旧时最古老的作法仍然奏效：一位专职负责问清客人姓名的人——或是一位无关紧要但又可以询问每位来宾姓名的人——在客人走过迎宾队列时向主人通报该客人的姓名。主人听到时可能会开玩笑地说：“我当然认识安娜特，公司没有她可不行。”更妙的是，员工的随行客人会听到人们称赞邀请自己的这位员工。这些赞美之辞比直截了当的奉承话听上去要真诚得多。而且，从此以后，如果哪位员工抱怨公司里的人都是蠢货，其配偶就会用曾在晚会上听到的称赞予以反驳。

23. 人们经常错误地认为公司晚会应该以员工们习惯的方式举办：他们喜欢的音乐、食物、还有高级管理层人士弃置不顾的其他东西。这就大错而特错了。员工们想要的其实是更高级的娱乐。高级与否视公司的不同性质而定。即便晚会太过正式，员工们也同样会开心地尝试不同的风格，然后再按自己的方式尽情娱乐。

24. 聪明的员工会在穿着上与上司们保持同一风格，因为他们深知，几乎没有哪个场合有人会因为穿得不够惹眼而被人指指点点。在公司晚会中拒绝或尽量少喝酒的做法无人指责，但在私人晚会中碍于主人好客的目光这种行为会很难堪。另外员工寻求仕途晋升的真正机会不是恳求上司，而是替陷入尴尬局面的人解围，因为这样可以表现出该员工懂得如何愉悦地高谈工作之外的话题。

25. 最后，还需另外一个送客队列。此时老板们一动也不动地站在抢眼的出口处，握住每位想离开的来宾的手，感谢他的光临。此时，即使是最懵懂的客人也会意识到应该回谢一番——也就是说，意识到应该感谢这番好意。

26. 公司圣诞晚会不就是为此而举办的吗？

27. 如果公司只想对员工表示谢忱，那么，放一天假外加一个红包就足矣。

Unit2、Unit3具体内容请参看阶段辅导。

三、下一阶段学习建议

下一阶段学习Unit4：The Cultural patterning of Space, Unit5：Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World? Unit6：教材Text: The New American Dreamer ，网络课件Text: A Semi-Integrated World中包括课前练习（Warm-up）、单词和词组（New words and phrases）、课文（Text）、课后练习（Exercises）及补充阅读（Supplementary readings）中的指定内容。建议大家在完成第一阶段的学习之后，提前预习下一阶段内容，平时多积累词汇，语法，短语句型等知识点，将各个知识点融会贯通，从而提高英语综合应用能力。

《高级英语Ⅰ》辅导老师

高级英语第一册课文词汇及短语

Lesson 1 词汇(Vocabulary) Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cavern (n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv． ----------------------------------------------------------------- throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 ----------------------------------------------------------------- conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- din (n.) : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声 ----------------------------------------------------------------- would-be ( adj．) : intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sepulchral(n．) : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) ----------------------------------------------------------------- shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 ----------------------------------------------------------------- trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳----------------------------------------------------------------- impinge (v．) : strike，hit，or dash；have an effect 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 ----------------------------------------------------------------- fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 ----------------------------------------------------------------- burnish ( v．) : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 ----------------------------------------------------------------- brazier ( n.) : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵 ----------------------------------------------------------------- dim ( v．) :make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊 ----------------------------------------------------------------- rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv ----------------------------------------------------------------- bellows ( n.) :(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------- intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- exotic ( adj．) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- sumptuous ( adj．) :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 ----------------------------------------------------------------- maze ( n.) : ----------------------------------------------------------------- ( n.) :a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 ----------------------------------------------------------------- honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状 ----------------------------------------------------------------- mosque ( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂

高级英语第一册单词

Bazaar (n.) (东方国家的)市场，集市cavern (n．) 洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) shadowy (adj.)模糊的；朦胧的consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的throng (n.)人群；群集conceivable (adj.)可想象的，想得到的din (n.)喧闹声，嘈杂声muted (adj.)(声音)减弱的 vaulted ( adj．)arched穹窿形的；拱形的sepulchral(n．)洞穴，山洞guild ( n．) 互助会；协会trestle (n.)支架；脚手台架；搁凳impinge (v．) 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对具有影响fairyland (n.) 仙境；奇境burnish ( v．)h擦亮；磨光；抛光brazier ( n.)火盆；火钵 dim ( v．)(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．)有韵律的；有节奏的bellows (单复同)风箱intricate错综复杂的；精心制作的exotic 奇异的；异常迷人的sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的maze ( n.) 迷津；迷宫；曲径honeycomb ( v．)使成蜂窝状mosque 清真寺；伊斯兰教堂 caravanserai 东方商队(或旅行队)的客店disdainful ( n.) 轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的bale ( n.) 大包，大捆linseed ( n.) 亚麻籽somber ( adj．)阴沉的；昏暗的pulp ( n.) 浆 ramshackle 要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．dwarf 使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌 vat ( n.)大缸；大桶nimble ( adj．) 灵活的；敏捷的girder ( n.)大梁trickle ( n.细流；涓流 ooze ( v．)渗出；慢慢地流runnel小溪；小沟；小槽glisten (v．)(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光taut ( adj．)(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的thre ad one’s way小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向) follow suit赶潮流，学样narrow down缩小(范围，数字等) beat down(与卖主)往下砍价 make a point of认为是必要的take a hand帮助，帮忙 throw one’s weight on to (sth．)使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion使…一运动，移动 (选自埃德?凯编播的美国广播节目) 词汇(V ocabulary) reportorial ( adj.)报道的，报告的kimono和服preoccupation ( n.)令人全神贯注的事物 oblivious ( adj.) 忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) bob ( v．) 上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼 ritual ( adj.) 仪式的，典礼的facade ( n.)(房屋)正面，门面lurch ( v．)突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜intermezzo ( n.)插曲；间奏曲gigantic ( adj.)巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher ( n.)门房；传达员 heave (v．) (费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) barge ( n.) 大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇moor ( v．) 系泊；锚泊arresting (adj.)引人注目的；有趣的beige ( adj.) 米黄色；浅灰黄色的tatami ( n.) 日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米 stunning ( adj.) [口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的twinge ( n.) 刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚 slay ( v.) 杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) 苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) (精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦 inhibit ( v．) 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等) spinal ( adj. ) d脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 agitated颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie 梦想；幻想；白日梦heinous极可恨的极可恶的极坏的cataclysm ( n.)灾变(尤指洪水、地震等) demolish ( v拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde ( n.)[化]甲醛ether ( n.) [化]醚；乙醚humiliate ( v．)使受辱，使丢脸genetic (adj.)遗传的 have a lump in one’s throat如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等) on one’s mind占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源) rub shoulders with与(人们)联系，交往 set off:开始(旅行，赛跑等) flash by／alorig／past／through:急速向某方向运动 by trade:以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业) sink in: (指话语等)完全理解 horde ( n.) 群，人群croquet 槌球游戏luncheon ( n.)午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会 Nazi (adj. & n.)德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子cow ( v恫吓，吓唬，威胁indistinguishable ( adj. ) 不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) 完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) excel ( v优于；胜过ferocious ( adj.)凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的unsay ( v)取消(前言)；收回(前言)

高级英语视听说第七单元文本 GM's Difficult Road Ahead

Unit 7 GM's Difficult Road Ahead Episode 1 If the old saying “what?s good for American is good for General Motor and vice versa” is still true, we are all in a lot of trouble. General Motors is limping along in the breakdown lane, in need of a lot more than a minor tune-up. With GM?s stock trading near an all time low and its bonds rated as junk, the company reported losses of more than $10 billion last year. Unless it stops hemorrhaging money, it will have to be towed into bankruptcy court—a consequence that could cascade through the American economy, threatening up to a million jobs and changing the dreams of American workers. *General Motors is not just another company.For almost a century, it was emblematic of American industrial dominance, with a car for every customer and a brand for every stratum of society. ***Back when Pontiacs were as sexy as Sinatra and Cadillac the synonym for luxury, GM made half the cars in the United States. And a job on one of its assembly lines was a ticket into the middle class. But that was before the first oil shock, and the Japanese imports. Today, General Motors is losing $24 million a day—and *** all bets are off. Cole: **And this is not a phantom crisis or a fake crisis. This is a real crisis. David Cole is chairman of the Center for Automotive Research, a non-profit consulting firm in Ann Arbor Michigan. He is widely considered one of the industry?s top analysts, and believes that Detroit is now facing what the steel industry and the big airlines have already been through: high labor costs that make it almost impossible to compete. Cole: And every one of the Big Three faces a problem right now of about $2000 to $2500 per vehicle produced cost disadvantage. ** If that plays out over time, they?re all dead. Correspondent: Change or die. Cole: It?s change o r die. Everything is driven by a profitable business. If you can?t be profitable, you can?t be in business. Episode 2: Wagoner: This is a mid-sized car, the Chevy Impala SS… It has certainly not escaped the attention of General Motors chairman Rick Wagoner, who we met at the Detroit Auto Show and may have the toughest job in America: running a corporation many analysts believe has become, too big , too bloated and too slow to compete with more nimble foreign competitors. Correspondent: How did General Motors get to the point where it is right now? Wagoner: …Cause we have a long history, almost 100 years. We have a lot of employees. We

高级英语1 第二课课文翻译

第二课 广岛——日本“最有活力”的城市 (节选) 雅各?丹瓦“广岛到了!大家请下车!”当世界上最快的高速列车减速驶进广岛车站并渐渐停稳时，那位身着日本火车站站长制服的男人口中喊出的一定是这样的话。我其实并没有听懂他在说些什么，一是因为他是用日语喊的，其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一个令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 这儿的日本人看来倒没有我这样的忧伤情绪。从车站外的人行道上看去，这儿的一切似乎都与日本其他城市没什么两样。身着和服的小姑娘和上了年纪的太太与西装打扮的少年和妇女摩肩接踵；神情严肃的男人们对周围的人群似乎视而不见，只顾着相互交淡，并不停地点头弯腰，互致问候：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊马嘶。”还有人在使用杂货铺和烟草店门前挂着的小巧的红色电话通话。 “嗨!嗨!”出租汽车司机一看见旅客，就砰地打开车门，这样打着招呼。“嗨”，或者某个发音近似“嗨”的什么词，意思是“对”或“是”。“能送我到市政厅吗?”司机对着后视镜冲我一笑，又连声“嗨!”“嗨!”出租车穿过广岛市区狭窄的街巷全速奔驰，我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而前俯后仰，东倒西歪。与此同时，这

座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦则一座座地从我们身边飞掠而过。 正当我开始觉得路程太长时，汽车嘎地一声停了下来，司机下车去向警察问路。就像东京的情形一样，广岛的出租车司机对他们所在的城市往往不太熟悉，但因为怕在外国人面前丢脸，却又从不肯承认这一点。无论乘客指定的目的地在哪里，他们都毫不犹豫地应承下来，根本不考虑自己要花多长时间才能找到目的地。 这段小插曲后来终于结束了，我也就不知不觉地突然来到了宏伟的市政厅大楼前。当我出示了市长应我的采访要求而发送的请柬后，市政厅接待人员向我深深地鞠了一躬，然后声调悠扬地长叹了一口气。 “不是这儿，先生，”他用英语说道。“市长邀请您今天晚上同其他外宾一起在水上餐厅赴宴。您看，就是这儿。”他边说边为我在请柬背面勾划出了一张简略的示意图。 幸亏有了他画的图，我才找到一辆出租车把我直接送到了运河堤岸，那儿停泊着一艘顶篷颇像一般日本房屋屋顶的大游艇。由于地价过于昂贵，日本人便把传统日本式房屋建到了船上。漂浮在水面上的旧式日本小屋夹在一座座灰黄色摩天大楼之间，这一引人注目的景观正象征着和服与超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。 在水上餐厅的门口，一位身着和服、面色如玉、风姿绰约的迎宾女郎告诉我要脱鞋进屋。于是我便脱下鞋子，走进这座水上小屋里的一个低矮的房间，蹑手蹑脚地踏在柔软的榻榻米地席上，因想到要这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长而感到十分困窘不安。

高级英语 第一册 课文翻译_unit1

中东的集市 1．中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，入口处是一座哥特式拱门，门上的砖石年代久远。穿过耀眼、灼热的大型露天广场进入集市，仿佛走入了一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。集市蜿蜒伸展，一眼望不到尽头，最后消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当声。集市的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。 2.随后，当你走人集市的深处，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。布店的店主们一个个都是轻声细语、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的样子，低声细语地说话。 3.中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，不是分散在集市各处以避免相互间的竞争，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便共同反对迫害和不公正待遇。例如，在布市上，所有卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。 4. 对于顾客来说，不到最后一刻绝不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西，因为这是个关乎面子的事情。假如店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中不肯做出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。 5.集市上最引人注目、给人印象最深刻的地方之一是铜器市场。你一走近这里，耳朵里便只听得见金属器皿互相碰击时所发出的一阵阵砰砰啪啪、丁丁当当的响声；走得越近，响声便越来越大，越

高级英语第七课课件第三版EverydayUseforYour

E v e r y d a y U s e f o r Y o u r G r a n d m a m a In order to understand this passage better, we can watch a movie---”The Color of Purple” 故事发生于1909年美国南部。未受过教育的黑人女孩西莉被继父强奸后，又被迫嫁给了粗鲁，凶狠的黑人男子，西莉称其为“先生”。在惊恐和胆怯中她开始了奴仆一般的痛苦生活。幸而有亲姐妹南蒂与之相伴，泪水中才多了一些欢乐。不久，这短暂的幸福也从西莉身边消失了。因为“先生”强奸南蒂不成，恼羞成怒地将南蒂赶了出去，姐妹二人被残酷的分开。年复一年，西莉在门口的邮筒中找寻南蒂的音讯，她始终期盼有一天能与南蒂再次重逢……(从中大家可以看到当时的整个社会的缩影，以及黑人生活的社会环境和社会地位，黑人女性的崛起和黑人女性的反抗精神也从有深刻得展现) Everyday Use for Your Grandmama Characters: Maggie: a shy,young woman made even more self-concious by scars she got in a house fire years ago. She hasn` t has much formal education but has learned traditional skills, such as quilting, from her familiy. Mama(Mrs johnson): the narrator of the story. She is a middle-aged or even older African American woman living with her younger daugter, Maggie. Athough poor, she is strong and independent, and takes great pride in her way of life. Dee(Wangero): Dee is Mama` s older daugher. She is attractive, well-educated and sophisticated. Moreover, she is selfish and she may even has caused the fire that disfigured （损毁···的外貌）her sister. Mama(Mrs johnson) called her Dee or Wangero. Asalamalakim: a young muslim man who accompanies Dee on her visit. Mama, unable to pronounce his name , called him “Hakim-a- Baber”. The muslim greeting he gives to her means “peace and happiness to you. ” This maybe ironic because their visit disturbs the peaceful lives of Maggie and Mama. The relationship between him and Dee is unknown. He may be a friend, a boyfriend, husband or spiritual adviser. Main content:The story begins when the mother and Maggie wait for Dee to come back goes back home with her lover. She asks for some traditional household appliances, especially two old quilts made by their grandma. The mother refuses. Instead, she sends the two quilts to Maggie. Dee leaves her eyes, two old quilts(百纳被) are the cultural heritage of blacks. Maggie inherits the black tradition and she should own them. The text: I. para1-2 The prelude: the three family members. II. Para3-16 The mother’s recollections / flashback:the three persons’relationships——mother; Maggie; Dee III. Para17- 82 The process of Dee going back home. Detailed study of the text: Paragraph 1---16: Paragraph1: 1,...Maggie and I made so clean and wavy...(wavy:波动起伏的。It shows that Maggie and Mama had made carefully preparations for the arrival of Dee.) 2,It is like a extended living room. (extended: enlarged, prolonged. Expressions with extend: extended family) Paragraph 2: 1,```homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs...(homely: 不好看的，不漂亮的，later we will know how she got the scar, so that is a suspense.) 2, she thinks her sister has held life always...to say to her.(she think that her sister has always had a firm control of her life and that she can always has what she want. )(课后习题paraphrase )

高级英语lesson1课文翻译

Face To Face With Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风 约瑟夫.布兰克 1 John Koshak,Jr.,knew Hurricane Camille would be bad.Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that https://www.sodocs.net/doc/131384865.html,st August17,as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico.It was certain to pummel Gulfport,Miss.,where the Koshaks lived.Along the coasts of Louisiana,Mississippi and Alabama,nearly150,000people fled inland to safer ground.But like thousands of others in the coastal communities,John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family—his wife,Janis and their seven children,aged3to11—was clearly endangered. 小约翰·柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方——密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人——妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。 lash(v.):move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打 pummel(n.):beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打 2Trying to reason out the best course of action,he talked with his father and mother,who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California.He also consulted Charles Hill,a longtime friend,who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit. 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理希尔的意见。 course(n.):a way of behaving；mode0f conduct行为；品行；做法 reason out:to find out an explanation or solution to a problem，by thinking of all the possibilities寻找解决途径 例：Let's reason this out instead of quarrelling．让我们不要争吵，商量出事情的解决方案 3John,37—whose business was right there in his home(he designed and developed educational toys and supplies,and all of Magna Products’correspondence,engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor)—was familiar with the power of a hurricane.Four years earlier Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. “We’re elevated 23 feet,”he told his father, “and we’re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We’ll probably be as safe here as anyplace else.” 约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。37岁的他对飓风

高级英语1 Unit4 Oxford翻译

Unit4 牛津 There are certain things in the world that are so praiseworthy that it seems a needless, indeed an almost laughable thing to praise them; such things are love and friendship, food and sleep, spring and summer; such things, too, are the wisest books, the greatest pictures, the noblest cities. But for all that I mean to try and make a little hymn in prose in honour of Oxford, a city I have seen but seldom, and which yet appears to me one of the most beautiful things in the world. 此世间确有诸多凡物，它们本身便是值得人们去品味和赞誉的，譬如说爱情和友谊、美食和睡梦、春色和夏日，还有如那些注满了智慧的书卷、注满了心血的画作和注满了圣意的城邦。也许对于这些凡物而言，再多的赞誉已无非是陈词滥调，荒唐可笑的，但我之所以还是想要对上述这些事物品味、赞誉一番，都是为了向牛津城表示我的敬意。牛津城对我来说，就是这世间极其罕见，又最为美丽的地方之一。 I do not wish to single out particular buildings, but to praise the whole effect of the place, such as it seemed to me on a day of bright sun and cool air, when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty, feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all his life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own. 我并不想单独从牛津城里遴选出一些建筑来赞誉；我想要赞誉的是这块土地上所映射出的一种整体效果。这种效果在我看来，就好比是在一个阳光明媚、天气清爽的日子里，一连花上几个小时，徜徉在牛津城的街道上，痴迷、甚至是沉醉于这番美景之中。这感觉就犹如是把一位穷得一辈子衣衫褴褛、靠一角一分过日子的人带到一堆金矿旁，然后告诉他，这些财富都已归他所有。 I have seen it said in foolish books that it is a misfortune to Oxford that so many of the buildings have been built out of so perishable a vein of stone. It is indeed a misfortune in one respect, that it tempts men of dull and precise minds to restore and replace buildings of incomparable grace, because their outline is so exquisitely blurred by time and decay. I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud. 我曾在一些荒谬、无理的书里读到说，牛津城里如此之多的建筑都用易被腐蚀、布满裂纹的砖石砌成，这简直就是一场灾难。从某种角度来说，这倒确实是一场灾难，因为随着时间的流逝，用这种砖石砌成的建筑会渐渐破败，建筑的轮廓会很明显地变得七零八落，这便会惹得那些脑袋不灵活的笨家伙们想着整修或重建这些与牛津城魅力格格不入的“破玩意儿”。记得在我儿时游访牛津城时，我也曾这么想——这些建筑如此破旧不堪，几乎都是见不得人了；可现在，随着我年数和阅历的增益，我才知道在那些破旧不堪、磨坏受损的殿堂式房子里，蕴藏着一种别样的魅力。这种魅力乍看上去真是令人几近绝望，直到人们对这壮观之景开始心生感激时，才会猛地萌发出一种要高声赞誉这股魅力的念头。 These black-fronted blistered facades, so threatening, so sombre, yet screening so bright and clear a current of life; with the tender green of budding spring trees, chestnuts full of silvery spires, glossy-leaved creepers clinging, with tiny hands, to cornice and parapet, give surely the sharpest and most delicate sense that it is possible to conceive of the contrast on which the essence of so much beauty depends. To pass through one of these dark and smoke-stained courts,