搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 翻译技巧

翻译技巧

翻译技巧
翻译技巧

翻译技巧

由于汉英两种语言在词法、句法上的差异,翻译并不是简单的一对一复制,而是根据具体情况,灵活地运用翻译技巧坐车必要的调整和改变,使译文最大程度地再现原文的意义,又使它符合译语的表达习惯。

翻译技巧大体分为八类。它们是:加注(annotation)、释义(paraphrase)、增词(amplification)、减词(omission)、转换(shift of perspective)、归化(adaptation)、切分(division)和合并(combination)。

1.加注

由于汉英文化的不同,英语中某些词义在汉语中根本不存在,形成词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,常常采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。

音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,可以在文中注释,也可采用脚注。

Cartoon 卡通片Hamburger 汉堡包Benz 奔驰车

Hippie 嬉皮士(20世纪60年代出现在美国的青年颓废派一员,喜群居,蓄长发,穿奇装异服)

El Nino 厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动)

Saint Valentine’s Day圣瓦伦丁节情人节,2月14日)

1. Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regiment; and how much

more this poor old nervous victim?

按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚本人也会生病。

2. You look like Al-Capone in that suit.

你穿上那套衣服,看上去就像个流氓阿尔·卡彭。

3. He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes.

他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店一般的豪华旅馆的客

房里下榻。

4. It’s true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory,” said the

general.

将军说:“敌人确实赢得了战斗,但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利,得不偿失。”

5. Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say.

拥有最后发言权的,并非乔治·盖洛普民意测验,而是南希·里根。

直译加注指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。

Big Apple 大苹果(纽约的别称)

Sesame Street 芝麻街(美国儿童电视连续节目,每天一小时,主要为动画片、游

戏、木偶剧等。)

Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)

Desert Storm 沙漠风暴(1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击

行动)

6. It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk.

星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。

7. Don’t you know that I only love you in the world--- you, who are a stone to me.

你难道不知道我爱的只有你?你对我就像石头一样冥顽不灵。

8. While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr.

Alistair Cook’s excellent article.

我想给阿利斯太尔·库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力

不讨好。

9. He works in the Old Lady of Thread-Needle Street.

他在绰号叫“针线街老太太”的英格兰银行工作。

2.释义

释义是指舍弃原文中的具体形象,而直接解释出原文的意思。在翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语,如成语、典故,如果直译不能使译语读者明白,而加注又使译文太罗嗦时,可采用释义法,它可使译文简洁流畅,又不损坏原文信息的传达。

1. It’s not easy to become a member of that club--- they want people who have

plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick and Harry.

要参加那个俱乐部并非易事――他们只吸收手头阔绰的人,而不是普通人家。

2. Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.

我们的儿子一定得上学,一定要出人头地。

3. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered

together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the

protoplasm.

他拐到百老汇路上,在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来,那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、

华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。

4. Like many other southerners, I came to seek my fortune in one of those

pot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factories.

象许多其他的南方人一样,我也来到这儿,沿着尤克利大道那些根本不可能给我

们提供工作的工厂找工作,做发财梦。

5. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.

金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已取得的荣誉。3.增词(增词而不增义) (P26)

增词是根据具体情况在译文中增加一些必要的词,使译文在内容和形式上更加忠实于原文。增词一般用于以下两种情况:一是为了语法上的需要,二是为了意义上的需要。

A horse 一匹马 a book 一本书

1. But he knew life, its foulness as well as its fairness, its greatness in spite of the slime that infested it…

可是他懂得生活,懂得生活里的美,也懂得生活里的丑;懂得生活是伟大的,尽管生活里多是泥沼。。。

2. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。

3. She had to make and receive at least fourteen presents…

她至少收到了十四份礼物,当然也得照样回十四份。。。

3. These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.

这些早期的汽车速度缓慢,行动笨拙,效率不高。

4. He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.

毫无疑问,他以为会有热烈的拥抱,满桌的食物,激动的泪水,欢乐的笑声,一段接一段的谈话,一次又一次的拥抱,没完没了。

6. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

他们的主人,(又是)割啊,(又是)倒啊, (又是)布菜啊,(又是)切面包啊,(又是)谈啊,(又是)笑啊,(又是)敬酒啊,忙个不停。

7.I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者两者都出故障。

***英语中有一些由动词或者形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词,或在其前面增加适当的形容词,使译文符合汉语表达习惯,例如: Complacency 自满情绪Unemployment 失业现象Preparation准备工作

Backwardness 落后状态,落后面貌

8.Arrangements have been made to give the foreign guests a warm welcome.

热烈欢迎外宾的准备工作已经做好。

***有时候某些单个英语名词, 为了表达的需要可以依照汉语的习惯译成四字对偶词组,例如:

great contributions丰功伟绩gratitude 感恩戴德careless 粗心大意rumors 流言蜚语4.减词(减词而不减义)

减词是指将原文中需要而译文中不需要的词省去。如果原文中某些词语使译文累赘罗嗦,且不合汉语语言表达习惯时,就可以省去。减词一般用于一下两种情况:一是从语法角度进行减省;二是从修饰角度进行减省。

从语法角度进行减省:

因为英汉语法差异较大,英译汉时常常使用减词法。英语中的冠词、连词、介词等等通常可以省略。

1. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are

great conquerors and generals and soldiers…

历史上最经常出现、最为显赫者,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和士兵。

2. The product should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.

产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。

3. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.

冰是固体。如果加热,就融化成水。

4. I wonder if he was in time for the 7:30 train for Shanghai.

(我)不知道他能否赶上7:30开往上海的火车。

5. If it hadn’t been for you, I don’t know what I would have done.

当时要不是为了你,真不知我会做出什么事来。

从修饰角度进行减省:

翻译中语言必须精练简洁,因此对于那些在译文中可有可无、或者有了反而使译文显得累赘罗嗦的词语必须省去,使译文更加符合汉语表达习惯,体现译文的语言美.

6. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the

announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat come in to take me to the port for which I was bound.

我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人,向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的、一直等到下一班船到来,把我带到我要去的港口为止――想到这儿,我真有点不好意思了。

7. Her father, finding himself not likely to recover, after his third attack of delirium

torments, wrote a manly and pathetic letter to Miss Pinkerton, recommending the orphan child to her protection…

她的父亲觉得自己的酒癫症已经是第三次复发,不见得有救,写了一封又豪放又动人的遗书向平克顿小姐托孤。

8. Toward people with whom he didn’t get on well, though, he was imperious, and when

they displeased or annoyed him, it made him snort like a bull.

对于跟他合不来的人,他可是盛气凌人,谁要是触犯了他,他会气呼呼地象一头公牛。

9. Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always

looking at him when he awakened.

她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁,他平素醒来的时候,她也是这样望着他。

10. 转换

由于英汉语语言、语法、思维方式及表达习惯的不同,英译汉时常常使用转换法,使译文更加通顺流畅,地道可读。转换的形式多种多样:一、词类转换;二、句子成分转换;三、表达方式转换;四、自然语序与倒装语序转换;五、肯定与否定转换;六、主动与被动转换。词类转换:

英汉语言在表达方式上差异较大,英译汉时并非逐字逐句对译,有时某些词类必须做一些转换,使译文流畅自然。通常有:转换为动词;转换为名词;转换为形容词;转换为副词。1. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first

importance to a public man.

因此,对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲,培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式,乃是至关重要的对策。

2. The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机器声,令我特别神往。

3. For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw

materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.

我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。

4. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.

他对这座城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。

5. He added: “I unde rstand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.”

他还说:“我理解并尊重他们的看法,但我深信我的决定是正确的。”

6. It is our great pleasure to note that China has made great progress in economy.

我们很高兴地看到,中国的经济已经有了很大的发展。

7. I had the honor to t ell you that you’ve won the prize.

我很荣幸地告诉你你得了奖。

8. The legendary heroes robbed the rich to help the poor.

传说中的英雄劫富济贫。

9. He then acted as a reluctant interpreter.

他当时并非情愿地当了一次翻译。

10. The inflammation is characterized by red, swelling, fever and pain.

炎症的特点是红、肿、热、痛。

11. The film impressed me deeply.

这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。

12.He is physically weak but mentally sound.

他身体虽弱,但智力正常。

13. Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives.

我们的建议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。

14. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门

廊.

15. Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.

读遍了关于美国为了摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂堂纪事,也不容易知道第一个为美国独立而牺牲的原来是黑人。

句子成分转换

句子的成分常有主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。汉译时并不一定是一个萝卜一个坑,某一句子成分必须用其对等成分来表示,而是视具体情况而定。有时对某些句子成分做些适当、灵活的转换,可以使译文更加地道通畅。

1. You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The

somebodies come late.

在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那些迟到的就是大人物。

2. Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey

smooth and comfortable.

他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。

3. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.

华盛顿州东部大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。

4. The river was wide, and was walled with solid timber on both sides; you couldn’t see a

break in it hardly ever, or a light.

大河宽得很,两边都长着密密的树林,象两道墙似的;你简直难以瞧见那些树林有个缺口,也瞧不见有月亮。

表达方式转换

英汉语言在表达方式上有着较大的差异,翻译时常得转换一些表达方式,使译文符合汉语表达习惯。

英语中有些计量词,如score,dozen,decade,quarter等,在汉语中没有相应的表达方式,所以在汉译时必须加以转换。

1. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed

the Emancipation Proclamation.

100年以前,一位伟大的每个人签署了解放宣言,我们现在就站在他象征的庇荫中。2. Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new

nation.

87年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新的国家。

3. She will be back in the late ten days of June.

她将在6月下旬回来。

Five decades, a quarter of century ago, the first quarter of the year

50年25年第一季度

在年龄的表达上,英语并没有什么特殊的表达方式,而汉语却有自己独特的书面表达法。如30――而立之年,40――不惑之年,50――知命之年,60――花甲,70――古稀等,翻译时可加以转换。

4. No one believes that he is already over seventy years old.

没有人相信他已经年过古稀

由于英汉表达方式和习惯的不同,有时翻译时还得进行视点上的转换,从其对立面进行表达,才能使意思清楚明白。

5. She has been a widow only for six months.

她丈夫死了至今不过半年。

6. I couldn’t agree more.

我完全同意。

7. -Is here a special rate by the month?

-Yes, there is a 10% discount.

按月计算有什么优惠吗?

有,可以打9折。

8. Such a chance has denied me.

我没有得到这样一个机会。

自然语序与倒装语序转换

句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后,倒装语序主要是指主谓倒装。英语中倒装语序使用较多,主要是为了加强语气、突出重点、平衡句子结构等,而汉语中倒装语序使用相对较少,所以英译汉时,常常得将倒装语序转换为自然语序。

1. Slowly climbs the summer moon.

夏天的月亮慢慢地爬上来了。

2. These differences should not hinder us from establishing normal state relations, still

less should they lead to war.

这些分歧不应妨碍我们建立正常的国家关系,它们更不应该引起战争。

3. In front of me walked the little man who once walked so fast I had to run to follow him.

瘦小的父亲走在前面,他曾经走得那么快,我得跑才能赶上他。

4. Up the road came a sound of creaking axles, and then a slow cloud of dust, and then a

bull-cart bearing Ransic Bilbro and his wife.

路那头传来了轧轧的车轴滚动声,徐徐地腾起一簇灰尘,接着出现了一辆牛车,车上坐着冉西·比尔布洛和他的妻子。

肯定与否定转换

由于英汉语言习惯的不同,英语中有些肯定句在汉语中习惯用否定句来表达;而有些否定句,在汉语中则习惯用肯定句来表达,即通常所说的“正说反译,反说正译”。英语否定句中常含有否定词no,not,never,否定前缀non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-, 否定后缀–less等的句子,汉语否定句则指含有否定词语“不”、“没”、“非”、“未”、“否”、“无”、“勿”、“别”等词语的句子。肯定转换为否定

frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱Freeze! 别动!Wet paint! 油漆未干!

A pollution free car 无污染的车Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草地!

Keep your hands off! 请勿动手!

5. As he slipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper, and began reading.

他一面喝咖啡,一面翻开油墨未干的晨报,看了起来。

6. Father’s attitude toward anybody who wasn’t his kind used to puzzle me.

以前我总不懂父亲为什么对那些脾气和他不一样的人采取那么个态度。

7. He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San

Francisco.

Silence. Silence. Silence.

他到一个户外公用电话亭,先给芝加哥、又给纽约、旧金山打了电话。

没有回音。没有回音。没有回音。

8. The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.

这个调皮的男孩很不老实,他的借口一点也站不住脚。

否定转换为肯定

9. You can’t be too careful!

你要特别小心。

10. But there is another story, a family saga, that may turn out to be important to

unlocking the mystery of what actually happened between Lewinsky and the President.

但是,莱温斯基喝总统之间究竟发生了什么事,另外一个故事,即家史,最终对解开这个谜十分重要。

11. The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people

of the world set on it.

到目前为止,联合国辜负了世界人民给予的希望。

12. Then, after the easy rolling Mid-lands, the dramatic Peak District, with its genuine

steep fells, never fails to astonish me, for I feel that it has no business to be there.

另外,在穿过地势微微起伏的米德兰之后,山石峻峭、风景奇特的皮克区也总是使我感到特别惊奇,总觉得它在那儿出现得不可思议。

主动与被动转换

英语中的被动语态较多,而汉语中则相对较少,因此,在英译汉中,被动语态常常可转换成主动语态,当然有时也可以保留其被动语态。而英语中的主动语态,有时在汉译时,也可以根据汉语的表达习惯用被动语态加以表达。

1. Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular

activity.

由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果,身体不断产生热。

2. I was convinced then and I am convinced now that while the risks were great, so,

too, was the potential reward.

我当时确信,而且现在也确信:尽管风险极大,但潜在的报偿也是极大的。

3. In future conflicts, similar logistical problem are likely to be repeated--- raising the

prospect of mass confusion in a full-scale mobilization.

在未来的冲突中,类似的后勤问题大概还会重复出现,使得大规模的动员中有可能

出现大乱。

4. His dismissal turned out to be a blessing in disguise.

他被解雇反而证明是一件好事。

5. And again the Pravda passed from hand to hand. The paper became worn and

torn from so much handling.

那张《真理报》又被传来传去,结果传得太多,报纸给磨蹭弄破了。

*** 常用被动句型的翻译:

It is hoped that… 希望。。。It is reported that… 据报道。。。It is said that… 据说。。。

It is supposed that…推测。。。It is asserted that…有人主张。。。It was told that…有人曾经说。。。

It is believed that…有人相信。。。It is generally considered that…大家认为。。。

6.归化

英汉文化冲突较多,翻译中有时直译原文会使译语读者感到费解、甚至误解,而汉语中又有意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法时,就可以加以归化。翻译成语、典故、形象词语时常用归化。恰到好处的归化可以使译文地道、生动、简洁,便于译语读者理解。

As timid as a hare 胆小如鼠Wet like a drown rat 落汤鸡As stubborn as a mule 犟的象头牛Seek a hare in a hen’s nest缘木求鱼As dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶

Cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头卖狗肉Talk horse 吹牛

Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵Drink like a fish 牛饮

Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌Fine feathers make fine birds. 人靠衣装

Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗

One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝

1. He may always possess merits which make up for everything, if he loses on the

swings, he may win on the roundabouts.

他也许总是保持着弥补一切的有点,失之东隅的,他可以收之桑榆。

2. I’m a diplomat, a linguist, altogether a spectacled cre am puff.

我是个外交官,一个语言学家,总而言之,是个戴眼镜的银样蜡枪头。

3. Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly,

“Yes, New brooms sweep clean.”

人人都说新任秘书干得好,但卡尔老先生却简慢地说:“新官上任三把火。”

7.切分

英语中长句较多,长句中修饰语多且长,使句子结构复杂,而汉语中长句相对较少,修饰语也少而短。所以英译汉时,不能照样复制,而是得根据汉语的特点,灵活处理,切分就是一种常用的方法,是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或者两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译三种情况。

单词分译

单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的:一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义方面的特点,直译照搬会使句子生硬、晦涩、翻译腔十足,而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺,且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词都可以分译。

1. At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为这样安全,不招风险。

2. We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and

necessarily emphasizes economic growth.

我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。

3. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say No Smoking.

瘾君子对那些“禁止吸烟“的布告牌视而不见,真是不可救药。

短语分译

短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。

4. Inviting green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and

picnic sp ots ideal for a day’s excursion.

迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱,小径蜿蜒,是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是一个军事基地。

5. Once considered and art colony, Sausalito is now a chic enclave of boutiques and

high-priced homes nestled in the hillsides.

索萨利托曾被认为是艺术的集散地,可现在山坡上却到处是时装精品店和高级住宅,豪华漂亮。

6. Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a

second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.

离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有几十家少数民族餐馆,热闹得如同第二个唐人街。

句子分译

句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其它情况的分译。---简单句的分译

简单句的分译要根据实际情况,灵活处理。

7. Its crisp climate and heartstopping views make it a great walking town for the fit.

这里气候凉爽干燥,景观令人惊叹,对于身体好的人来说是徒步游览的好去处。

8. This turn-of-the-century structure is the place to catch the ferry to Sausalito.

这座房子建于世纪更迭时期,就在这儿乘船去索萨利托。

9. In 1921 his mother’s death was cl osely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter

Marigold.

1921年他的母亲去世,紧跟着他3岁的女儿玛丽戈尔也死去。

---并列复合句的分译

含有并列分句的英语复合句,常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。

10. Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded

puzzled when Alan asked for June.

电话铃响过几秒钟之后,海伦·玛奇拿起话筒。听到艾伦问起琼,她的声音流露出迷惑。

11. The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in racially conscious

19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large number.

在种族意识十分强的19世纪美国,招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人接受。由于工地上大批出现中国劳工,某些白人工人感到心绪不宁。

12. Latin must have been very laborious, even if you were brought up to it; but no doubt it

gave the Romans, and the Greeks too, a fine and easy way of establishing their posthumous fame.

即使你从小就在拉丁语语言环境中长大,学起来你也定会感到吃力。然而,毫无疑问,拉丁语给了罗马人,以及古希腊人一条死后留名的绝妙捷径。

---主从复合句的分译

含有从属成分的英语复合句,常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。

13. White House officials have acknowledged during the past week that disclosure of the

secret dealing was the latest and most serious in a number of recent issues that have raised broad questions about the administration credibility.

在过去的一周中,白宫官员们承认,秘密交易的泄漏是近来发生的一系列问题中最新最严重的一个。这些问题已使许多人对政府的信誉明显地产生了怀疑。

14. In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of

fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer.

我在美国期间,注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍,这给社会改革家出了难题。

15. But, should Clinton decide to play the heavy with China, the politics are reversible,

though there is a feeling among some analysts that with the US such a huge market

for China’s exports, the last thing that China will do is to risk cutting off access to it.

但是,如果克林顿决心下大赌注,政治形式是可以逆转的。尽管有些分析家觉得,美国是中国出口商品的巨大市场,中国决不愿冒失去这个市场的风险。

---其他情况的分译

有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理,合理进行切分,使译文层次分明,观点正确。

16. One of the na stiest storms so far arose when Andrew Morton’s book Diana: Her True

Story, first serialized in the Sunday Times, announced that the Princess of Wales had tried to kill herself several times, largely because she was despondent over the Prince Charles’s fri endship with another woman.

当安德鲁·莫顿的《黛安娜:她的真实故事》一书首在《星期日泰晤士报》上连载时,一场迄今为止最恶劣的风暴出现了。该书宣称,威尔士王妃已数次试图自杀,主要是因为她对查尔斯王子与另一女子的亲密关系尔感到沮丧。

17. The surly Bentley Drummle, whom she had married for his aristocratic background,

was kicked to death one day by a horse that he had been mistreating with his customary brutality.

她嫁给脾气粗暴的本特利·徳拉莱姆是看中他的贵族出身。一天,他以惯常的粗暴方式虐待一匹马时被马踢死。

8.合并

一般来说,英语句子要比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多;但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并。合并包括简单句与简单句的合并以及复合句的合并。1. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.

她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。

2. The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse,

barely able to move her swollen feet.

门没锁上,她走了进去,呆呆坐了下来,极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。

3. We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts.

我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。

4. There was no anger in him, no resentment, only a hollowness that he knew could not

be filled with again.

他没有愤怒,没有怨恨,只有一种他知道无法弥补的空虚。

5. She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen

work.

她在家很忙,又要看好孩子,又要下厨。

6. His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. The city is in the north of Italy near

the sea.

他父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨城开了个小铺。

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。

翻译中的 七大“必杀技”高级翻译技巧

翻译中的七大“必杀技” 翻译中的七大“必杀技” 翻译是一种技巧性很强的服务,自然有许多高手有许多“高招”,让我们来看看翻译中的“七大必杀技”吧! (一) 同义反译法 例子: 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:「还留着」或「还呆在那里」) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译:「永远在此呆下去」) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候,请别让炉子灭了。(不译:「我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着」) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 「等等,他不是说着玩儿的。」(不译:「等等,他是认真的。」) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 「听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。」(不译:「......对这孩子要坚定」) (二) 删减解释词 例子: The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 例子: " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 「在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗,...... (四) 译词推陈出新 例子: When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocati, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。 改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。 原词原译改译

英语翻译重点词汇词组

英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场

foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇(2) major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物

常用翻译技巧

第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification) 3) 省略法(Omission) 4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition) 6)语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation) 8) 长句拆译 (Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。 3.1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。×

译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。√ 例2. They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。× 译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides.(政治谈判) (1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗? (3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下: 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay,

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外,翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践,使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1.词义的选择 ? 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此,在平日的翻译练习和测试中,我们在弄清原文句子结构后,务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义,以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择: 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如:Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. [译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 [注释]:本句中like作介词,意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用,则意为"喜欢;想要"。例如:He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如:Would you like to leave a message (你要不要留个话儿)此外,like还可以作形容词用,意为"相同的",如:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. [译文]:新学派的科学家们认为,技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 [注释]:school一词常被误译为"学校",其实,school还有一个词义"学派"。可见,正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响,而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. [译文]:既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。

常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译) 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结

1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候,电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41.She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday. 她借了那本书,后来星期一把书还了。 45.He used tO play basketball every Sunday.他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41.Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42.I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样,有幽默感 43.He got on well with his classmates. 他和同学关系处得很好 44.He used tO work very hard when he was youn9. 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45.My family is putting me up at the moment,but I am thinking of buying my own flat.我现在跟家人住在一起,但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41.He got on well with his sister. 他和他的姐/妹相处得很好 44.That box is too heavy for her to carry home.那个盒子太重了,她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱,必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗? 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来,因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊,会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳,她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票,她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车,也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了,我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.

常用翻译技巧.

1)Diction(选词用字) 2)Amplification(增词法) 3)Omission(省略法) 4)Conversion(转换法) 5)Repetition(重复法) 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation(正说反译,反说正译) 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination(分清主从) 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译:办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精,愿买贵的。 √ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈

不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译:无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你倍感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4.New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文:新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统,可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和(威力)强大的加速力。 例6.一幢乡村小学的教学楼,建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a

(完整版)2019英语六级翻译重点词汇

2019英语六级翻译重点词汇 一、经济类 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy

翻译技巧总结

翻译技巧总结 个人认为,翻译题很重要!考研是个充实自己的过程,只要你还需要英语,就离不开翻译,所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书,XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》,我听过他的课,他的方法很实用,感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容: 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点,具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看,在此不赘述。 可看出,应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧,下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

英语自考本科翻译重点词汇

fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机

英语翻译的重点词汇词组

英语翻译重点词汇 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇(2) major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金 international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学environmental Law环保法

翻译的八大常用技巧

1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说 8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳 一、词汇方面 ㈠.词义选择 大多数英语词汇是多义的,翻译时必须选择正确的词义。词义选择的方法有三:根据上下文和词的搭配选择、根据词类选择、根据专业选择。 ㈡.词义转换 在理解英文词汇的原始意义基础上,翻译时可根据汉语的习惯按引伸义译出;或用反义词语译出,即所谓的正文反译、反文正译。 ㈢.词类转换

英语中很多由动词转化而成的名词、以及动名词、非谓语动词等,汉译时可将它们转换成动词。 ㈣.补词 是指原文已有某种含义但未用词汇直接表达,译文中需将这些含义补充进去,这样才更通顺易读,如:英语中数词与名词之间没有量词,而译成汉语时可酌情增加。 ㈤.省略 是指原文中某些词在译文中省略不译,只要并不影响意义的完整。如:上面讲的汉语“量词”,译成英语时则可以省略;又如:英语中大量使用物主代词而汉语中往往省略不用。 ㈥.并列与重复

英语在表达重复含义的并列结构中常采用共享、替代、转换等形式来避免重复,而汉语却常常有意重复表达以加强文字的力度,如:英语的物主代词替代前面的名词,短语动词只重复介词而省略主动词,汉译时可考虑重复表达。 二、句子结构方面 子结构方面的翻译技巧,主要有三种类型:语序类、组合类和转换类。 ㈠.语序类 1. 顺译法与逆译法 英语时间状语可前可后。不仅如此,英语在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活,既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语

表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的,因此,顺译法也罢逆译法也罢,其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语表达与汉语一致的就顺译,相反的则逆译。 有时候顺译法与逆译法的差别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。 2. 前置法 英语中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时,往往可以提到先行词(中心词)的前面。 3. 分起总叙与总起分叙 长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍,这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强,可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。

相关主题