2019年阜阳教师招聘考试小学英语翻译高分必看

2019年阜阳教师招聘考试小学英语翻译高分必看

阜阳师出教育整理

英语翻译是一门十分专业的英语学问，随着我国向国际化迈进的步伐越来越快，对于英语翻译专业人才的需求也越来越旺盛。

一、原则

1．异化（foreignization）和归化( domestication）

保留原语所包含的文化、形象色彩，叫异化，读者通过这样的译文可以感受到异域文化的东西。例如，把crocodile tears译为鳄鱼泪，就是异化的翻译方法；舍弃原语所包含的文化、形象色彩，取而代之出其意义就是归化，例如把crocodile tears译为假惺惺的眼泪，就是归化的翻译方法。

2．音译（transliteration）比如：store－士多cheese－汁斯风水－fungshui

3．翻译的标准：信达雅faithfulness，expressiveness，elegance”信＂指的是忠实于原文

的内容和风格（faithful to the content and style of the source text；达＂指的是译文语言流畅自然而不生硬阻滞（the translation or target textshould be natural and expressive）；雅＂指的是译文译文语言风格尽可能贴近原文风格。

4．词类的转化conversion：名词动词形容词副词根据表达需要，在翻译中，往往需要进行词类的转化，还包括抽象与具体的转化

5．省略法omission比如：省略连接词、冠词、介词等

二、英语的几种基本句型

SV/SVC/SVO/SV00/SVOC

句子层次来说，英译汉常要分division，汉译英常要合combination

三、方法：

A、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构

由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，如果搞不清楚句子的语法结构，考生是很难做出正确的翻译的。因此在翻译句子之前，必须先通读全句，一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构，这是正式动笔翻译之前的一项重要准备工作。怎么拆分，可以寻找下面“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。

1．基本原则

把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2连词

如and，or，but，yet，for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when，as，since, until, before, after, where. because等等

3．关系词

如连接名词性从句的who，Whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever等关系代词和when，where，how，why等关系副词；

4．标点符号

标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。

5．介词on，in，with，at，of，to等引

导的介词短语，不定式符号to，分词结构也可以作为拆分点。

B、运用翻译策略，组合汉语译文

正确理解原文后，接下来就是翻译。

1．词汇的增减转

2．代词的译法

代词一般需要转译成名词，即把其所指代的意义译出。

3人名地名的译法，知道的可以译出来，不知道可以音译，再将英语原词抄写一遍，用括号括起来，比如Whorf可以处理为：沃尔夫(Whorf）

C、校核，调整，成文

组合成中文之后，考生一定要再检查一遍，做出相应的调整，最终成文。检查译文是否忠实于原文。通过把译文和原文对照匕较往往能发现问题；二是检查译文本身是否通顺或表达清楚。

四、注意的误区：

1.死扣答案缺之英美文化误译

在英译汉中切勿只死扣于标准答案，只要在进行翻译处理时能够做到以上两点就可以取

得翻译部分的部分分值。其中导致这些错误现象出现的最大罪魁祸首就是缺之文化背景知识。在英译汉还是汉译英的实践中，无论是日常交往还是正式场合，其中都不乏对英美文化了解不够而造成的误译。

2.处理不周全

在对英文句子进行翻译处理的时候，考生很容易陷入这样一个误区：在快速浏览句子

后，考生可以对句子最基本的意思有一定的了解。但是当对句子的一些细节部分进行处

理的时候，考生却容易在部分细节处理上不能做到周全。

3.不懂逻辑关系误译

在翻译的过程中，若想正确理解整个句子意思，除了要弄懂句子结构外，真正弄懂格局

之间的啰辑关系也是非常必要的．

4.不注意汉语表达方式误译

英语翻译中的逻辑关系中，除了之前文章中提到的否定转移外，还有一些正义反说或者

反义正说的表达及一些在词汇修饰上的逻辑搭配译法。以下面的句子为例，“we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books which come before the

readers are very far from being works of art＇”，在这个句子中be far from＇在句子中是一个正面表达，但含义却是否定的。

如：胡同

北京有无数的胡同（hutong）。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来．

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongsThe life of common people in hutongs bringsendless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.

2019年小学英语教师招聘考试模拟试题与答案(共5套)

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