大学英语一翻译

1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for)

Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.

2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full-time)

Online education provides those who work full-time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.

3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to do; scribble down)

When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every w ord out of the professor’s mouth.

4 没人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)

Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.

5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)

Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.

Unit 2

1 他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)

They don’t serve French fries here. If you want it, you have to go to a KFC or McDonald’s.

2 他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸烂了。(crack; crush) He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.

3当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt; mould)

When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.

4他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)

He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.

5 令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have…effect on)

To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.

1老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(notthinkmuchof…; thinkforoneself)

Itismostlikelythatateacherwon’tthink much of a student who cannot think for himself.

2 他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人被鼓励去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly; much less)

When he was in high school, hardly anyone had been encouraged, much less trained, to do scientific experiments.

3 嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of …)

Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.

4 有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job; rather than)

Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students choose activities based on their majors.

5 最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up … into …; focus on) The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that they can focus their discussion on specific problems.

UNIT4

1 据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that …;privacy)

It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 4 billion mobile phone subscribers is endangered.

2 人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less … the more …)

The less they spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for such leisure activities as travelling.

3 对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解于不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What I especially like about … is …)

What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and know about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.

4 在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只是在极少数情况下，文化碰撞才会造成尴尬。(culture bump; on rare occasions)

In most cases, a cultural bump arouses our curiosity about a different culture. Only on rare occasions can it cause embarrassment.

5 你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right; act on impulse)

You can reserve the right to make an independent choice, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.

UNIT5

1 那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off; false smile; true colour) Suddenly the man in red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.

2 妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(contradict; flatly) The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.

3 经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one’s word; leave office; term)

The manager pledged his word that he would not leave office until the last day of his term.

4 他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)

He did not realize that his love for her beauty has blinded him to her faults.

5 当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)

On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.

Unit 7

1 你只要将这张桌子移到另一间办公室就行，剩下的事由我来负责。(see to) You just remove the desk to another office, and I’ll see to the rest.

2 有些美国人认为，对隐私和个人资料的保护妨碍了对恐怖主义和有组织犯罪的打击。(hold back) Some Americans believe that the protection of privacy and personal data holds back the fight against terrorism and organized crime.

3 这位著名的科学家将在北京大学发表有关全球气候变化与公共政策的演讲。(lecture on; global climate change)

This well-known scientist will lecture at Peking University on global climate change and public policy.

4 鲍勃需要控制自己，别再贪玩和浪费机会了。(get oneself together)

Bob needs to get himself together and stop playing around and wasting his opportunity.

5 当约翰踩到香蕉皮滑倒的时候，那几个搞恶作剧的男孩放声大笑。(fall over; mischievous; laugh one’s head off)

As John slipped on the banana skin and fell over, those mischievous boys laughed their heads off.

Unit 9

1 在灾难面前，人们不惜一切代价挽救生命。(in the face of; at any cost)

In the face of a disaster, people save lives at any cost.

2 他认为在整个项目开始之初就对计划进行调整没有意义。(there’s no point in doing …; adjust)

He believed that there would be no point in adjusting the plan at the beginning of the whole project.

3 学生们正在集中精力复习功课，突然之间这座城市发生地震了。(concentrate; all of a sudden)

Students were concentrating on reviewing lessons when, all of a sudden, an earthquake struck the city.

4 他答应坚持锻炼身体，但是我们都清楚，他迟早是要放弃的。(keep on; a matter of)

He promised to keep on taking exercise, but we all know it’s just a matter of time before he gives up.

5 他以专心从事慈善事业而闻名。(distinguish oneself; commit oneself to)

He distinguishes himself by committing himself to charities.

Unit 10

1 人们担心温室效应给环境带来的巨大威胁。(fearful; pose)

People are fearful of the huge threat posed by greenhouse effect on the environment.

2 在大城市里生活一段时间后，他发现自己已经很难再适应乡村生活了。(be conditioned to)

After living in a big city for a while, he found that it was hard for him to be conditioned to rural life again.

3 他渐渐意识到没有人能够对这件事做出一个令人信服的解释。(dawn on sb; come up with)

It has gradually dawned on him that no one would come up with a convincing explanation of this incident.

4 人们想当然地认为苦干有助于成功。(take for granted; contribute to)

It is taken for granted that hard work contributes to success.

5 他总是找理由逃避集体活动。(walk away from; collective)

He is finding excuses to walk away from collective activities.

Grammer

+ever 的用法

这类由"特殊疑问词＋ever"构成的单词有：whatever, whichever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however. 现将它们的用法归纳如下：

1.引导让步状语从句

这也是这类单词最常见的用法，一般译为"无论……"。如：

Keep calm, whatever happens.(无论什么)

Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. (无论谁)

I will find her wherever she may be.(无论在哪里)

Come and see me whenever you want to.(无论何时)

However frightened you may be yourself, you must remain outwardly calm.(无论怎样)

2.whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句

1)whatever起双重作用，相当于"anything that"或"any...that"，可引导主语从句和宾语从句。

①可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"anything that"，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：

Whatever I have is at your service.(引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)

Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)

I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语) ②可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"any...that ,在从句中作定语。如：

She would tell him whatever news she got.(＝any news that)

Whatever measures are adopted must be consistent with the rules.(＝any measures that)

2)whoever起双重作用，相当于"anyone who",可引导主语从句和宾语从句。

I will give my ticket to whoever wants it.(引导宾语从句)

Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.(引导主语从句)

3)whichever引导主语从句或宾语从句，译为"无论哪一个"。如：

Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.(引导主语从句)

I will take whichever fits the sockets.(引导宾语从句)

+ no more than

more than 是英语中常见的用于两者比较的结构，表示“超过，多于”，在这里不必赘述。本文就more than 的其它用法归纳如下，供英语学习者参考。

一、more than 后跟形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词，more than 起强调作用，含义是more than 后的形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词的分量不足以反应实际情况而加以说明，汉语意思是：“十分，非常，岂止，简直，不仅仅，绰绰有余”。例如：

I am more than content with what you said.我对你的讲话十分满意。

She was dressed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。

Being a good listener means much more than just listening with ears.

做一个好的听者不仅仅意味着“用耳朵听”。

Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是没有战争。二、more than / more … than 跟含can 的从句，这种结构不能照字面来翻译。more than 之后的从句里，英语里虽是肯定形式，却表示否定概念。more than … can …的结构意为“简直不可能”：“ more … than … can …”的结构意为“达到不可能的程度”。例如：

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.那个地方美得我简直不可以言表。

How he manages to live is more than I can tell.他怎样生活的，我简直猜不透。

He has more money than he can spend.他有花不完的钱。

三、more … than 通常用于比较两个不同的人物，但有时也可用来指一个人物本身的两种特性，这时其意义和rather than 相同，肯定more 后面的，而否定than 后面的。汉语意思是“与其说……不如说……”，“是……而不是……”。例如：

He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。

She is more shy than unsocial.她是害羞，而不是不爱社交。

He is more of a fool than a knave.与其说他是个无赖，不如说他是个笨蛋。

四、no more than 与not more than 后跟名词所表含义的区别：

no more than 后跟名词的意思是“只不过，仅仅”，有“轻视，嫌少”之意。例如：He is no more than a puppet.他只不过是个傀儡。

He felt no more than five dollars in the bag.

他的袋子里只剩下 5 美元（有言其少之意）。

not more than 后跟名词的意思是“不超过，至多”，是一般的否定，或客观地说明数字。例如：

They were not more than two hours from the place.他们离那个地方最多不过两个小时的路线。

I have not more than five dollars in my pocket.

我口袋里的钱不多于 5 美元（最多 5 美元，不超过 5 美元）。

五、n o more … than （not … any more than ）跟从句，表示两者皆否定的观念，意思是“不……正如……不……一样”。例如：

He's no more fit to be a minister than a school boy would be.

小学生不适合当部长，他也不适合当部长（这句话的重点在He's no more fit to be a minister ）。

A nation cannot exist without people any more than a tree can grow without roots.

一个国家不可能离开人民而存在，正如树没有根不能生长一样。

not more … than 跟从句表示两者皆肯定的观念，只是有差别而已，意思是“不及……那样”。例如：

He is not more diligent than you are.他不象你那样勤奋。

（重点在you are diligent .他也勤奋，但不如你勤奋。）

六、little more than；no less than

little more than ，因little 含有否定意义，因此其汉语意思是“不过，仅仅，多不了多少”。例如：

That is worth little more than one dollar.那不过值一美元。

no less than ，因“ no less ”含双重否定，因此其汉语意思是“不少于，有……之多”。例如：

There were no less than fifty killed and wounded.死伤者不少于50 人。

七、more than 虽属比较结构，但可辅以一定的词汇手段，如：no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，any，anything else，hardly，scarcely 等否定句，便可表达最高级的含义。例如：

Nothing is more precious than time.没有什么比时间更可贵的东西了。

No complaint is more common than that of a scarcity of money.最普通的就是说钱不够用。

George did more work this morning than anyone else.乔治今天上午干的工作比任何人都多。

+like 用法

like的用法

一、like作动词用。

1.有“喜欢”，“喜爱”之意。其后接名词、代词、动词不定式、动词ing形式或复合宾语。如：

Most students like pop songs.大多数学生喜欢流行歌曲。

Do you like it ?你喜欢它吗？

I don't like to speak in public.我不喜欢在公共场合说话。

Do you like working in China? 你喜欢在中国工作吗？

I like people to tell the truth. 我喜欢人讲真话。

She doesn't like people praising in front of her.她不喜欢别人当面表扬她。

2.有“愿意”、“想要”之意，常与should, would连用，后可接名词、不定式、或复合宾语。如：

I'd like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。

I'd like to see your ten speed bicycles.我想看看你们的十速自行车。

I would like you to stay in the company.我希望你留在公司。

3.在“Ho do you like ?”这一句型中，通常是询问对方对某个地方或某样东西的看法。意为“你觉得怎么样”如：

How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样？

二、like作介词用，有“象一样”的含义。

1.常与be ,look等连系动词连用，作表语。

What is he like?他是怎么样一个人？

It looks like a cat.它看上去象只猫。

2.表示方式，用作状语。

Don't throw it like that.别那样扔。

It's not polite to speak to the old man like that.象那样跟老人讲话是不礼貌的。3.修饰前面的名词或代词，作后置定语。

They will produce thins like telephones and computers.他们将生产电话机和计算机之类的产品。The bird is something like a parrot.这种鸟儿有点象鹦鹉。三、feel like doing something意为“想做某事”。其后接动词ing形式作宾语，表示意愿或希望。如：

Do you feel like having a walk with me?跟我一道去散散步怎样？

I feel like going to bed. I 'm so tired.

我想上床睡觉。我累极了。

As和like用法的区别

as 和like 在汉语中都译做"像",但字面下的隐含意思是不同的.

like侧重A B两者间的比较,并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似.

例如:He speak English like an Englishman.(=in a way an Englishman speaks English.)

表示有些相象

as则侧重于同一性,意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似.

例如:He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.) 表示讲得一样好

很早的时候，like是形容词，表示相象、相同、类似等意；as是连接词。Samy and Sammy are very like. Samy和Sammy长得很像。

Paul behaved as a child（does）．保罗的举止像个小孩。（句子有省略）

后来，like作为介词使用，表示像…一样；as也可以作为介词使用了。

Paul behaved like a child．保罗的举止像个小孩。（句子没有省略）

再比较：

Let me speak to you as a father．让我以父亲的地位对你说说。（=I am your father and I am speaking to you in that character）

Let me speak to you like a father．让我像你父亲那样对你说说。（= I am not your father but I am speaking to you in the way your father might）

再后来，有些语法学家把以往like不允许作连词使用的规则也改了，用来代替引导方式状语从句的as。

I can't sing like I used to do．我不能像过去那样地唱了。（指唱的音色）

He writes just like his brother did when he was young．他写字的手法和他兄弟年轻时写的差不离。（指书法的风格和字型）

即使如此，like和as有时还是有些区别的。试比较：

The prisoner was hanged like a murderer．这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑（=…as if he were a murderer）。

The prisoner was hanged as a murderer．这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。（这个犯人就是杀人犯）

状语从句

一定义：

A状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因，等。

1 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 时间状语修饰began

2 The boy was praised for his bravery. 原因状语修饰was praised

B 状语从句就是用一个句子来代替上面的时间状语和原因状语。

1 Ten years ago, she began to live in Dalian.

When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.

2 The boy was praised for his bravery.

The boy was praised because he saved the baby’s life in the freezing river.

二状语从句的种类：

A 时间状语从句: 连接时间状语从句的连接词有:

(1) 连词：when, while, as. 它们都表示当…时候的意思。如果主句和从句的动作同时发生且都是进行时态，只用while, as. 其他情况下when, while, as通用。１When he came in, I was listening to the radio．

２As I was wandering in the street, I met her.

３While (as) I was watching TV, my mum was cooking in the kitchen.

(2) 连词before, after, since, until(till). 当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。

He usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school.连词

He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school. 介词

He usually drinks a cup of coffee after he comes back from school.连词

He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school. 介词

I have lived in Dalian since my son was born in 1999.连词

通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

I have lived in Dalian since 1999.介词

I will wait here until(till) you finish your job. 连词

I will wait here until(till) 8pm.介词

(3) 词组：as soon as

I will tell him as soon as he comes back.

As soon as she finishes her homework, she will play tennis.

通常情况下，主句用一般将来时，as soon as 引导的从句用一般现在时。

B 地点状语从句：

连接地点状语从句的连接词有：where, wherever=no matter where:

１Where there is water, there is life.

２Where there is a will, there is a way.

３Wherever you go, I will follow you.== No matter where you go, I will follow you.

４I will go wherever I can find a good job.== I will go no matter where I can find a good job.

C 原因状语从句：

连接原因状语从句的连接词有：because, as, since, for.

１Tom was late for school this morning bec ause he didn’t catch the early bus.

２I couldn’t go to Beijing on business as my mother was ill.

３Since all of us agreed about this plan, we will carry it out next week.

４We listened carefully, for the speech was very important.

注意：

当连接原因状语从句时，because语气最强，as, since, for次之；because, as, since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面，for引导的从句只能在主句的后面。

D 条件状语从句：

连接条件状语从句的连接词有：if, unless, as long as.

１If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.

２You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard on it.

３As long as you take my advice, you will outwit your rival.

注意：一般情况下，if, unless, as long as 引导的从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

E 让步状语从句:

连接让步状语从句的连接词有：although, though, even if, even though, however, whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever.

１Although (though) I gave him some advice, he didn’t take them.

２John continued to work hard even if (even though) he felt sick.

３Whatever you do, I will support you.==No matter what you do, I will support you.

４Whoever you may be, I will not let you in. ===No matter who you may be, I will not let you

in.

５However difficult it may be, we will overcome it. === No matter how difficult it may be, we

will overcome it.

注意：

一般情况下，although等于though, even if等于even though, however等于no matter how,wh-ever等于no matter wh-．

F 方式状语从句:

连接方式状语从句的连接词有：as, as if, as though.

１You should do your homework as Tom did.

２Jerry was lying on the bed as if (as though) he was very tired.

注意：通常情况下，as if等于as though.

G 目的状语从句:

连接目的状语从句的连接词有：so that, in order that.

１Cherry was walking quickly so that (in order that) she could arrived at the cinema in time.

２John sent the mail by air in order that (so that) it might arrive a little early. 注意：通常情况下，so that 等于in order that

H 结果状语从句：

连接结果状语从句的连接词有：so…that, such…that.

He ran so fast that we couldn’t keep up with him.

She spoke English so clearly that all of us could understand her.

She is such a nice teacher that all of us love her.

She is a so nice teacher that all of us love her.

The chef cooked such nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.

The chef cooked so nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.

These were such interesting books that we kept reading until the end of the class.

These were so interesting books that we kept reading until the end of the class.

注意区别：

such + a + 形容词+ 可数名词单数+ that 或such + 形容词+可数名词复数

或不可数名词+ that

a + so + 形容词+可数名词单数+ that 或so + 形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+ that

+ otherwise

otherwise 是个常用词，也是一个多义词。由于在不同的语境中，otherwise 的含义和用法有着很大的差异，以致不少学生在理解和使用它时经常出错。现将它的用法归纳如下，供大家学习时参考。

一、otherwise 用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于or，or else 或if not .

例如：

We’ll go early，otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。

Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。

I was ill that day，otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.

那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。

We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.

我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。

二、otherwise 用作副词，具有下列意义：

1. 意为“另外；别样”。相当于differently 或in another way .例如：

He evidently thinks otherwise.他显然有不同的想法。

She is otherwise engaged.她另外有事。

We were going to play football，but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.

我们原打算踢足球，可是天气太热，我们就决定去干别的事情了。

2. 意为“在其他方面”。相当于in other or different ways. 例如：

The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory.

房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。

He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。

The article is long，but not otherwise blameworthy.这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好。

3. 意为“相反地；要不然；否则”。相当于in the other way 或on the contrary .例如：

He is guilty until proved otherwise.在证明他无罪之前他是有罪的。

He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.

幸亏他提醒了我，要不然我就忘了。

I hate her and I won’t pretend otherwise.我讨厌她，而且我不愿装作喜欢她。

Otherwise he would still be working，because his heart and soul were still in the school room with his students.

否则他还会在教书，因为他的心仍然在课堂上，仍然与学生们在一起。

三、otherwise 用作形容词，具有以下意义：

1. 意为“另外的；不那样的；不同的”。相当于not as supposed 或in a

different state .例如：

The truth is quite otherwise.事实真相与此大相径庭。

Our struggle can not be otherwise than victorious.我们的斗争一定会胜利的。

How can it be otherwise than fatal？这怎么会不致命呢？

2. 意为“其他方面的；其他性质的”。例如：

Some are wise，some are otherwise.有些人聪明，有些人则不然。

His students in Chinese literature are also his otherwise teachers.

这些人在中国文学方面是他的学生，可在其他方面却是他的老师。

四、otherwise 组成的短语：

1. and otherwise 意为“等等；及其他”。例如：

In the kindergarten，the children learn singing，dancing，drawing and otherwise.

孩子们在幼儿园里学唱歌、跳舞、画画等等。

She helped me with advice and otherwise.她用劝告等方式帮助我。

2. or otherwise 意为“或相反；或其反面”。例如：

Everybody has his merits or otherwise.每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。

He is not concerned with its accuracy or otherwise.准确与否他不考虑。when，while，as引导时间状语从句的区别

when，while，as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。

一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。

① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get 为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？

②Sorry，I was out when you called me．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。

③Strike while the iron is hot．（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。

④ The students took notes as they listened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。

二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

1．从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。

①When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．

（finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

②When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。

2．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。

①When ／While ／As we were dancing，a stranger came in．（dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。

②When ／While ／As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a

letter．（make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。

3．当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。

① As the time went on，the weather got worse．（as表示“随着……”之意）

② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases．随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。

③As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer．随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。

④The little girls sang as they went．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。

⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying．伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。

4．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。

①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it．在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。

②When the manager comes here for a visit next week，Ill talk with him about this．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。

sb．had hardly（＝scarcely）done sth．when．．．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．

①I had hardly ／scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。

②I had hardly ／scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly ／Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。

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3. The only known way to curb AIDS is to persuade people to change behavior 抑制艾滋病已知的唯一方法就是劝说人们改变行为方式。 4. No one should lightly deny public health officials the tools they need to combat AIDS, including use of the AIDS antibody tests. 没人可以轻易阻止公共卫生官员获得对抗艾滋病所需的工具，包括对艾滋病抗体检测的使用。 5. The official proposing mandatory testing is facing more arguments. 主张强制检测的官员正面临更多的争议。 3. Neither of these government systems was intended to serve the public. 这些政府的体系都不以服务大众为目的。 4. To help finance the wars postage rates were increased. 为了负担战争的费用，邮资也开始上涨。 5. Most mail was still being transported the same way in the middle of the 19th century. 到了19世纪中叶，大多数信件还是以这种方式来递送。 2. It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible. 重要的是要把科学技术尽快搞上去。 3. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 飞机坠毁飞行员还能活着，这似乎是令人难以想象的事。 4. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 2. For each Christmas, I followed the tradition —one year sending a group of mentally handicapped youngsters to a hockey game, another year a check to a pair of elderly brothers whose home had burned to the ground the week before Christmas, and on and on. 接下来的每个圣诞节，我都沿袭这个传统：有一年，我将一群智障的少年送去看曲棍球比赛；另一年,我给一对兄弟寄上了一张支票，他们房屋在圣诞节前一周被彻底烧毁。类似的事还有很多。 3. It was always the last thing opened on Christmas morning and our children, ignoring their new toys, would stand with wide-eyed anticipation as their dad lifted the envelope from the tree to reveal its contents. 它通常是圣诞早晨最后被打开的礼物，孩子们也会扔下新玩具，瞪大了眼睛站在那里，充满期待地等待着他们的爸爸从树下取下信封，揭晓其中的内容。 4. The tradition has grown and someday will expand even further with our grandchildren standing around the tree with wide-eyed anticipation watching as their fathers take down the envelope. 这个传统在不断发展，有朝一日它将会进一步壮大，我们的孙子们也会站在树的周围，睁大眼睛，充满期待地看着他们的父辈从树上摘下信封。 3. Mr. Jones talked to his secretary who promised that she would see to it. 琼斯先生和秘书谈了话，她保证会负责这件事。 4. I suddenly found that I lost him forever, which I had never thought of. 猛然间，我发现永远地失去了他，这是我从未想到的。

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11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for

5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add

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