(英语)高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析

（英语）高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析

一、高中英语语法填空

1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far.

Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat.

However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success).

【答案】connected；frequently；has reached；as；zones；what；be spent；to put；themselves；(more) successful

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了微信给人们带来方便的同时，也存在着一些弊端。

（1）句意：随着现代技术的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，不管他们相距多远。系动词stay后，用形容词connected“有联系的”，stay connected with“与……保持联系”。故填connected。

（2）句意：微信是中国最常用的交流方式之一。修饰形容词used，用副词。故填frequently。

（3）句意：据报道，到目前为止，微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。so far做时间状语时，应使用现在完成时，the number of做主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。

（4）句意：一旦加入微信，人们可以发现越来越多的人开始添加他们作为朋友。根据句意，此处使用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。

（5）句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。“时区”是复数意义，前面没有冠词，应用名词复数形式。故填zones。

（6）句意：人们可以很方便地通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。____6____ they are doing by WeChat是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中做doing宾语，表“正在做的事情”，应使用what引导。故填what。

（7）句意：然而，沉迷于微信将会剥夺人们原本应该花在更重要事情上的时间。“时间”和“花费”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，由空前should可知，此处be动词使用原形。故填be spent。

（8）句意：而许多所谓的朋友根本不是真正的朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈里放广告或卖

东西。固定短语：want to do sth. “想要做某事”。故填to put。

（9）句意：此外，在微信上的人更有可能自己与他人比较，这将使他们当发现一些人似乎更成功，感觉难过。文中表示“人们自己与他人比较”，用反身代词。故填themselves。（10）句意：此外，在微信上的人更有可能自己与他人比较，这将使他们当发现一些人似乎更成功，感觉难过。be后，用形容词作表语，根据语境此处可以使用形容词原级或比较级。故填more successful。

【点评】考查语法填空，考查词汇在语篇中的应用能力。对于给出提示词的空，要注意提示词在句子中充当的成分，若充当谓语，注意动词的时态和语态；若充当非谓语，注意给出单词与被修饰词的主被动关系；若给出形容词，名词，代词等，注意根据句子结构进行变形。若没给出提示词，注意分析句子成分，填出合适的词。

2．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to Chinese speaking practice, lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male ________ a female, are ________(common) seen in front of the gates of traditional building.

The lion ________(regard) as the king in the animal world, so ________(it) images represent power and prestige. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of officials.

It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted ________ the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty from A. D. 25 to 220 with ________ introduction of Buddhism(佛教) into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion, ________ can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a divine animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ________ (brave), power and good luck.

It was also popular to decorate bridges with stone sculpted lions for the defending reason. The ________(well) known of bridges is the Lugouqiao, ________(build )from 1189 to 1192.

【答案】 and；commonly；is regarded；its；at；the；which；bravery；best；built

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了石狮子的象征，历史和用途。

（1）句意：一对石狮子，一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子，一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。一对狮子，雌和雄应该是并列关系，故填and。

（2）句意：一对石狮子，一只雄狮子和一只雌狮子，一般在传统建筑的门前能够看见。修饰seen用副词，commonly，通常地。故填commonly。

（3）句意：狮子被认为是动物界的王者，所以它的形象代表权利和威望。be regarded as 被认为是，此处为固定搭配，故填be regarded。

（4）句意：狮子被认为是动物界的王者，所以它的形象代表权利和威望。images为名词，it是人称代词，此处用形容词性物主代词its它的，修饰名词。故填its。

（5）句意：最早的石狮子从公元25-220年，随着佛教流传入古代中国，在东汉初期被雕刻出来。at the beginning of意为在……的开端，为固定搭配。故填at。

（6）句意：最早的石狮子从公元25-220年，随着佛教流传入古代中国，在东汉初期被雕刻出来。此处特指佛教在古代中国的流传，应用定冠词，故填the。

（7）句意：在佛教的信仰中，石狮子能够保护真理驱走邪恶，被视为是高贵庄严的神圣动物。can protect the truth and keep off evils是非限性定语从句，先行词是the lion，关

系词用which。故填which。

（8）句意：在中国神话故事中，狮子成了勇敢，力量和好运的象征。and连接并列成分，保持形式一致。power和luck都是名词，brave变成名词bravery，勇气。故填bravery。（9）句意：最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。the+形容词最高级，表示最……故填best。

（10）句意：最有名的是桥是被建于1189年至1192年的卢沟桥。主语是the Lugouqiao，被建造，用被动语态，此处做后置定语修饰名词，省略be动词，用过去分词built。故填built。

【点评】考查连词、副词、代词、固定搭配、冠词、非限定性定语从句、名词、副词最高级和非谓语动词。先通读全文，理解文章大意。再细读文章，分析句子成分及含义逐一作答，最后再读文章，修正错误。

3．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I remember well the first time I saw Dr. Homes. He had invited Miss Sullivan and me________(call)on him one day.

It was early in the spring, just after I had learned to speak. We________(show)at once to his library where we found him seated in a big armchair by an open fire. There was a smell of print and leather in the room________told me that it was full of books, and I stretched out my hand________(gentle) to find them. My fingers lighted upon a beautiful series ________Tennyson's poems, and when Miss Sullivan told me________it was I began to recite.

But I________(stop) suddenly. I felt tears on my hand. I had made my ________ (love) poet weep, and I felt a deep________(sad). He then made me sit in his armchair,________(bring) me different interesting things for me to examine, and at his request I recited other my favorite poems. After that I saw Dr. Holmes many times and learned to love the man as well as the poet.【答案】to call；were shown；which/that；gently；of；what；stopped；loved/beloved；sadness；bringing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自海伦凯勒的自传小说《假如给我三天光明》。作者讲述了自己很清楚地记得第一次见到奥利佛·温代尔·霍尔姆斯博士时的情景。（1）考查非谓语动词。句意:他邀请我和苏立文小姐去他家做客。invite somebody to do something,固定短语，“邀请某人做......”动词不定式做宾语补足语,故填to call。

（2）考查时态语态。句意:我们立刻被人领到了他的图书馆,他坐在图书馆里的大扶手椅上,靠着壁炉。句子的主语:We,所以是被别人领着,应该用被动语态,作者回忆已经发生过的事情,所以时态用过去式,故填were shown。

（3）考查定语从句。句意:房子里面有一股油墨和皮革的味道,这里显然到处都是书。后面的定语从句修饰先行词smell,指物,关系代词在从句中做主语,故填which/that。

（4）考查副词。句意:于是我轻轻地伸手摸索起来。副词修饰动词"stretched out",所以填gentle的副词形式,故填gently。

（5）考查介词。句意:我的指尖无意中落在了Tennyson的一套诗集上。a series of,固定短语“一套”故填of。

（6）考查宾语从句。句意:当Miss Sullivan把诗集的名字告诉我以后,我就开始背诵。动词

told后跟宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少was的表语,诗集叫什么？故填what。

（7）考查时态。句意:突然间,我停止了背诵。作者回忆已经发生过的事情,时态应为一般过去式,故填stopped。

（8）考查形容词。句意:我已经使我所钟爱的诗人落泪。形容词修饰名词poet,所以填love 的形容词形式,故填loved/beloved。

（9）考查名词。句意:我也感到了巨大的忧伤。冠词和形容词都提示应该填名词,所以要填sad的名词形式,故填sadness。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意:他让我坐在他的扶手椅上,同时,他还拿出了很多有趣的东西让我查验。he与bring在逻辑上是主动关系,所以应该用bring现在分词做伴随状语。故填bringing。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，定语从句，副词，介词，宾语从句，名词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

4．语法填空

Nearly 800 new pupils of Lianhua Elementary School in Hefei, Anhui Province, is reported ________(receive) a unique gift: an admission letter ________ their names are written by teachers using Chinese writing brush. ________(similar), Shaanxi Normal University has been sending their freshmen calligraphy admission for eleven years. Several former professors in ________ 70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.

It is believed in China that "handwriting is the man," ________ (mean) good handwriting can not only cultivate one's temperament (气质), but can also reflect one's literacy and character. At present, ________(tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory lesson in many Chinese primary and middle schools, which aims ________(enhance) students' cultural competence. At the same time, parents are attaching great importance ________ children's calligraphy practice. It is fair to say that calligraphy is not left out in today's fast-paced society; ________, its incomparable value is standing out.

The charm of Chinese culture embodied in calligraphy can always strike a chord with writers and ________(view). Do you have any interest in learning it?

【答案】to have received；where；Similarly；their；meaning；traditional；to enhance；to；instead；viewers

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统书法越来越受重视。

（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道,安徽省合肥市莲花小学近800名新生收到了一份特殊的礼物。be reported to have done固定短语，"据说/传闻……"的事情发生在过去,对现在有影响。故填to have received。

（2）考查定语从句。句意：他们的名字由老师们用毛笔书写的通知书。句中先行词为an admission letter,在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。故填where。

（3）考查副词。句意：无独有偶,陕西师范大学已经向新生寄送书法录取通知书有11个年头了。这里用副词修饰整个句子。故填Similarly。

（4）考查代词。句意：每年,数名70岁高龄的退休教授会花一个礼拜左右的时间写完4500余份录取通知书。in one's 70s“在某人70多岁的时候”。这里指代former professors,故用their。故填their。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人相信"字如其人",也就是说,好的笔迹不仅能够修身养性,还能反映出一个人的读写能力和性格。句中逻辑主语handwriting is the man与mean之间为主动关系,故用现在分词。故填meaning。

（6）考查形容词。句意：现在在很多中国中小学,传统书法再一次成了必修课,其目标在于提高学生的文化能力。修饰名词calligraphy,前用形容词形式。故填traditional。

（7）考查非谓语动词。句意：现在在很多中国中小学,传统书法再一次成了必修课,其目标在于提高学生的文化能力。aim to do固定短语，“目的在于做”。故填to enhance。

（8）考查介词。句意：与此同时,家长也愈加重视孩子们的写字习惯了。attach importance to固定短语，“认为……有重要意义”，故填to。

（9）考查副词。句意：书法在当今这个快节奏的社会中不仅没有过时,反而价值突显。instead位于句首,连接上下句。通常是上句先否定一种情况,再以instead引出下句,提出相反的情况。故填instead。

（10）考查名词。句意：中国传统文化在书法中体现出来的魅力总是能够引起作者和观者的共鸣。这里由and连接与writers并列,故填viewers,表示"观看者"。故填viewers。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句，副词，代词，形容词，介词以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

5．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或摘号内单词的正确形式。

Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class________March 1st on movable type. This is________ ancient Chinese printing system.

The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province introduced the course at the beginning of this new term. So far, the school________(invite) an expert in Chinese characters culture to the campus,________major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with ________(interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, ________(apply) the knowledge they've learned. One student printed her________(new) written essay "Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?"________(know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing ________(invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.

The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their ________(appreciate) of Chinese culture.

【答案】on；an；has invited；whose；interesting；applying；newly；Known；was invented；appreciation

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课的情况。该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。

（1）考查介词。句意：3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课。根据下文March 1st可知在具体的某一天应用介词on，故填on。

（2）考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且ancient为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an，填an。

（3）考查时态。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。根据上文So far可知应用现在完成时,且主语为单数名词,故填has invited。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。本句为定语从句修饰先行词an expert,且先行词在从句中做定语,故填关系代词whose。

（5）考查形容词。句意：学生们参加有关活字历史的讲座,以及有关排字和印刷的有趣课程。classes为名词,指物需要-ing结尾形容词修饰,故填interesting。

（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他们将所学的知识打印成自己的文档。apply做非谓语动词与逻辑主语they构成主动关系,故用现在分词，填applying。

（7）考查副词。句意：一名学生打印了她新写的论文《孩子们收到的传统红包是自己的还是父母的?》。修饰形容词written应用副词,故填newly。

（8）考查非谓语动词。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句中know做非谓语动词与逻辑主语movable type printing构成被动,故用过去分词，填Known。

（9）考查时态语态。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据下文in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知应用一般过去时,故填was invented。

（10）考查名词。句意：该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填appreciation。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词，冠词，时态，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，副词，语态以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

6．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to have control over our lives. We shop, work, play, search for information and seek ________ (chat) with each other online. Yet people are not arguing about this astonishing condition. It ________ (believe) that people have readily embraced technology, seeking only the benefits but ________ (ignore) its drawbacks.

It does not matter whether your home is in a ________ (noise) downtown or in the remote countryside. If you have a screen ________ it can pick up a signal, your mind is still in the same placeless place. This place is the zone ________ your mind will go when you stare at a screen, and it feels like your mind stops thinking.

Recent developments in technology also led to a decline in normal social behaviors. In past

ages, you could walk around town for a whole day without seeing all the people you know. Now, everyone you know is ________ arm's reach, taking that certain psychological feeling out of seeing people. You can see them every second of every day, and hear nearly every single thought of theirs just as they hear ________ (you).

In ________ (conclude), modern technology can be a double-edged sword. They do have their advantages, but they can change our lives ________ (complete).

【答案】to chat；is believed；ignoring；noisy；and；where；within；yours；conclusion；completely

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了现代技术是一把双刃剑。它们确实有自己的优势，但它们可以彻底改变我们的生活。

（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在网上购物、工作、娱乐、搜索信息和聊天。语seek to do sth.固定短语，“试图做，设法做某事”，故填to chat。

（2）考查时态语态。句意：人们相信，人们已经欣然接受了技术，只追求它的好处而忽略了它的缺点。It is believed that…固定句式，“人们相信……”，故填is believed。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信，人们已经欣然接受了技术，只追求它的好处而忽略了它的缺点。本空与上文”seeking only the benefits“构成并列非谓语结构，故填ignoring。

（4）考查形容词。句意：不管你的家是在闹市还是在偏远的农村。downtown为名词需要形容词修饰，故填noisy。

（5）考查连词。句意：如果你有一个屏幕，它可以接收到一个信号，你的思想仍然在同一个地方。结合上下文语境可知为承接关系，故填and。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：当你盯着屏幕的时候，你的大脑会进入这个区域，你会觉得大脑停止思考了。本句为定语从句修饰先行词place，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故填where。

（7）考查介词。句意：现在，你认识的每个人都在你的触手可及的范围内，把那种特定的心理感受带离与人交往。within arm's reach固定短语，“伸手可及的范围内”，故填within。

（8）考查代词。句意：你每时每刻都能看到他们，几乎能听到他们的每一个想法，就像他们听到你的一样。此处做hear的宾语需要用名词性物主代词，故填yours。

（9）考查名词。句意：总之，现代技术是一把双刃剑。in conclusion固定短语，“总之”，故填conclusion。

（10）考查副词。句意：它们确实有自己的优势，但它们可以彻底改变我们的生活。修饰动词change应用副词形式，故填completely。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，连词，定语从句，介词，代词，名词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

7．After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of

the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.

________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: "You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention."

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.

【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功，作者用这个道理告诉美国的医疗保健部门只有学会积极面对失败，医疗事故的情况才会好转。（1）考查状语从句。句意：但矛盾的是，我们的孩子只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功。根据句意可知此处既可以用if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果……"，也可用when引导时间状语从句，表示"当……的时候"，故填if / when。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：为了突破自己的局限，他们一直在努力。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式做目的状语，故填To stretch。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们总是尝试他们已经做得很容易的动作，保持在他们的舒适区内。They与remain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做状语，故填remaining。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：在实践中从不失败会阻碍他们进步。分析句子结构可知，此处用动名词做主语，故填failing。

（5）考查主语从句。句意：生活中的情况和滑冰的情况是一样的。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填What。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：詹姆斯·戴森为最新款的吸尘器设计了5126个原型，然后才想出了这个让他大赚一笔的设计。此处为定语从句，先行词为design，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故填which / that。

（7）考查代词。句意：正如戴森所说的：除非你测试新想法，并在事情出错时学习，否则你不会开发出新技术，失败是发明的基础。as someone puts it固定句式。"正如某人所说"表示。put it"表达......"故填it。

（8）考查介词短语。句意：结果是，医疗保健往往掩盖失败，而不是从失败中吸取教训。根据句意可知此处表示"而不是"，故填instead of。

（9）考查时态语态。句意：其直接后果是一再地犯同样的错误。陈述的是客观事实，mistakes 与repeat之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are repeated。（10）考查连词。句意：除非医疗保健学会积极面对失败，否则情况不会好转（直到医疗保健学会积极面对失败，情况才会好转）。根据句意可知此处表示"除非"或"直到"，故填Until / Unless。

【点评】本题考点涉及状语从句，非谓语动词，主语从句，定语从句，代词，介词短语，时态语态以及连词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

8．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cuju was developed in China around 500 B. C. and was played with a leather ball. It is considered by FIFA as the ________ (early ) form of football. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju ________ (spread) from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. It ________ (say) that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport. Cuju ________ (match) were often held inside the imperial palace.

Cuju was further developed ________. the Tang Dynasty. There were dozens of well-organized Cuju leagues in Chang'an. ________ was then the capital of the Empire. The rules, fields and facilities for Cuju became more advanced, for example, balls filled with air and Cuju goals appeared during this period. ________ was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and ________ (gradual) worldwide.

Cuju was most developed during the Song Dynasty because of the social and economic development. At that time, ________ (profession) Cuju players were quite popular. They fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other talented civilians who made a ________ (live) as Cuju players.

【答案】earliest；spread；is/was said；matches；in/during；which；It；gradually；

professional；living

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了足球的历史。蹴鞠大约是在公元前500年在中国发展起来的，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。汉代，蹴鞠的普及从军队传到宫廷和上层社会。据说南武帝很喜欢这项运动。蹴鞠比赛常在皇宫内举行。唐代得到进一步发展，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。宋代的蹴鞠运动最为发达。

（1）考查形容词。句意：公元前500年左右，中国发明了蹴鞠，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。根据语境可知，此处是指蹴鞠是足球最早的形式，故要用最高级，填earliest。

（2）考查时态。句意：汉代，蹴鞠的流行从军队传播到宫廷和上层社会。分析句子可知，本空是谓语动词，其中的主语是蹴鞠，与动词spread二者是主动关系，此处的时间状语是“汉代”，要用一般过去时，故填spread。

（3）考查时态语态。句意：据说南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动。根据语境可知，“南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动”，既可以是现在大家说的，也可以是过去说的，所以既可用一般现在时，又可以用一般过去时。此处是主语从句，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。主语从句“that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport.”与动词said是被动关系，是被说，因此要用被动语态。故填is/was said。

（4）考查名词。句意：蹴鞠比赛常在故宫内举行。根据本句国的副词“often”可知“蹴鞠比赛”不指一次，有许多次，可数名词match要用复数形式，故填matches。

（5）考查介词。句意：蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。根据语境可指蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。此时可用“in/during”，故填in/during 。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：在当时的帝国首都长安，有几十个组织良好的蹴鞠联盟。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的Chang'an是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，非限制性定语从句中做主语，指物，要用which，故填which。

（7）考查强调句型。句意：在这个时代，韩国和日本也有类似的游戏。分析句子可知，本句是强调句型“it is/was + 被强调部分+that +剩余部分”，句强调了时间状语during this age，去掉“It is/was...that...”后句子是完整的。故填It。

（8）考查副词。句意：也就是在这个时期，类似的游戏在韩国和日本开始流行，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。空格处在句中修饰副词worldwide，修饰副词要用副词，故填gradually。

（9）考查形容词。句意：当时，职业的蹴鞠运动员颇受欢迎。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词Cuju players，修饰名词要用形容词，故填professional。

（10）考查固定搭配。句意：一组是由皇家宫廷训练和表演的，另一组是以蹴鞠为生的有才华的平民运动员。make a living，固定短语，“以......为生”。故填living。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，时态语态，名词，介词，定语从句，强调句，副词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

9．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空

至多3词)。

The cave dwelling (Yaodong in Chinese) in Xi'an , Shaanxi Province, is laid out in rows one atop the other, looking like buildings of multiple floors in the distance . It is a sort of distinctive cave house ________ (dig) into the mountains for dwelling of many laboring people on the Loess Plateau in northwest China.

A cave house is usually six meters deep and four meters wide. Stoneslabs (厚板) ________(pile) up to form a semicircle at the entrance, ________ is decorated with beautiful wood or metal windows in a ________ (vary) of styles. The types of the cave dwelling can be divided into the earth cave dwelling, brick cave dwelling ________ stone dwelling. For centuries, they have been regarded ________the symbol of the peasants in northern part of Shaanxi Province.

The beauty about the cave dwelling is ________they help maintain local geography and save on farmlands by ________ (make) use of space that would have been otherwise left unused. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. The temperature inside is usually 13 degrees Celsius higher than in the open in winter and 10 degrees Celsius ________ (low) in summer. Statistics show that 40 million people live in cave dwellings that are scattered over an area of 600,000 square kilometers in ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.

【答案】 dug；are piled；which；variety；and；as；that；making；lower；the

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了延安窑洞的地理位置、建筑风格及给当地居民生活带来的益处。

（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一种颇具特点在山里挖出的洞屋，用作西北黄土高原农民工的栖息之地。house与dig之间为被动关系，使用过去分词dug。故填dug。

（2）考查时态语态。句意：厚石板堆积形成入口处的半圆，入口处装饰着漂亮的木头和各式各样的金属窗户。通过分析句子结构可知，主句为“Stoneslabs (厚板)________(pile) up to fo rm a semicircle at the entrance”，主句中存在不定式to form，stonelabs与pile之间为被动关系，且stonelabs为复数，因此横线上需填入被动语态形式are piled。故填are piled。（3）考查定语从句。句意：厚石板堆积形成入口处的半圆，入口处装饰着漂亮的木头和各式各样的金属窗户。此句为定语从句，先行词为横线前的一句话，在从句中作主语，应填入关系代词which。故填which。

（4）考查名词。句意：入口处装饰着漂亮的木头和各式各样的金属窗户。a variety of固定短语，“各种各样的”，故填variety。

（5）考查连词。句意：窑洞的类型分为土溶洞、砖溶洞和石溶洞。stone dwelling与earth cave dwelling , brick cave dwelling互为并列关系，应使用并列连词and。故填and。

（6）考查介词。句意：几个世纪以来，它们一直被视为陕西省北部农民的象征。be regarded as动词短语，“被视为”，故填as。

（7）考查表语从句。句意：窑洞之美在于它们有助于保持当地的地理情况。通过分析句子结构可知此句为表语从句，且从句中不缺少任何成分应使用关系代词that引导。故填that。

（8）考查非谓语动词。句意：通过利用原本闲置的空间来节约耕地。介词by后接名词，题中所给词性为动词make，因此需使用make的动名词形式making。故填making。

（9）考查形容词。句意：室内温度通常比冬天室外高13摄氏度，比夏天室外低10摄氏

度。通过语境翻译可知，横线处意为“比…低”，使用low的比较级lower。故填lower。（10）考查冠词。句意：据统计，黄河中上游地区约有4000万人居住在窑洞中，窑洞面积约60万平方公里分布于黄河中上游地区。“in ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.”作地点状语，表示特指中上游地带，应使用定冠词，故填the。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，定语从句，名词，连词，介词，表语从句，形容词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

10．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people's false beliefs.

Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That's something ________(common) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees.

Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (组织)can be extremely high in poison. What's more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species.

If you're bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum's International Shark Attack File (ISAF). "Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive", says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.

【答案】a；without；commonly；is believed；But/Yet；endangering；to die；majority；were；which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们过去对鲨鱼的误解，唤醒人们要有保护动物意识。

（1）考查冠词。句意：由于人们的错误观念，成千上万的鲨鱼正在死亡。as a result of固定短语，“作为……的结果”。故填a。

（2）考查介词。句意：一些雌性鲨鱼有能力自己繁殖后代，并且在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨。根据上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves 可知，此处指“雌性鲨鱼在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨”，应使用介词without“没有”。故填without。

（3）考查副词。句意：这种情况在植物和昆虫中很常见，比如蚂蚁和蜜蜂。此处修饰过去分词seen，应使用副词形式。故填commonly。

（4）考查时态语态。句意：传统上，鱼翅汤被认为对健康有益，在中国很特别。believe 与shark fin soup是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态；此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is believed。

（5）考查连词。句意：但现代科学家指出，鲨鱼组织是非常厉害的毒药。根据语境可知，此处前后句是转折关系，应使用转折连词but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。

（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只，危及几个不同的物种。“捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只”危及几个不同的物种，endanger的逻辑主语是整个前句描述的内容，此处与前句内容是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填endangering。

（7）考查非谓语动词。句意：根据佛罗里达博物馆的国际鲨鱼攻击档案（ISAF），人们死于雷击的可能性是鲨鱼咬的两倍多。be likely to do sth.固定短语，“可能做某事”。故填to die。

（8）考查名词。句意：“即使被咬了，大多数人还是活下来了”，查普曼博士说。根据空前形容词及空后介词of可知，此处使用名词。故填majority。

（9）考查时态。句意：根据国际安全援助部队的数据，2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件，其中只有6起是危险的。根据in 2018可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时；there be句型主谓一致遵循“就近原则”，由sixty-six unprovoked（无端的）shark bite incidents可知，此处be动词应使用复数形式。故填were。

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